What are the famous poisons in ancient novels?

1. Kidney tea: Comrades who have seen the condor heroes will surely remember how Yang Guo was detoxified after being poisoned by a love flower, that is, using kidney tea to fight poison with poison. Lysimachia christinae is a wild vine, the scientific name is Tripterygium Wilfordii, the stem is three or four meters high, the leaves are alternate, the flowers are small color white, and the roots, stems and leaves are highly toxic. It is an annual vine of Cucurbitaceae. Its main toxic substance is cucurbitacin. According to records, after people eat it, the intestines will turn black and stick together, and people will die of abdominal pain. The general detoxification method is gastric lavage, taking charcoal ash, and then using alkaline water and emetic. After gastric lavage, mung beans, honeysuckle and licorice can be used to detoxify. 2. He: It often appears in novels. What is he, Ding Hong? Hedinghong is actually a red stone. Red arsenite is a natural mineral of arsenic trioxide, which is famous for arsenic after processing. Perhaps because red arsenic sublimate is red, the name He Dinghong was used. It is said that ancient officials hid it in the crown and used it to commit suicide if necessary. When arsenic enters the human body, it will combine with sulfur groups in protein, making protein denatured and inactive, which can block the way of intracellular oxidation energy supply and make people die quickly without ATP energy supply, similar to the mechanism of hydrocyanic acid. 3.— Gougouqin: Pumpkin vine, also known as Radix Puerariae, Poisonous Root, Radix Puerariae, Fistula Removing, Rattan, Lysimachia christinae, Radix Puerariae, Kentucky Bluegrass, Camellia sinensis, Tea Tree, Tiger Grass, Radix Puerariae, Cannabis leaf, Kuteng Huang, Chinese chives, cold vine, Garcinia cambogia and Dacha (Guangxi name). This is a plant of Loganiaceae. It is an annual vine. Xiyang is opposite to oval oblong leaves, with small yellow flowers, 5 calyx funnels and oval capsules. The flowering period is 8- 1 1 month and the fruit is 12-2 months. Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi are all distributed. The whole plant contains alkaloids such as gelsemin (the most), Yin (the most dramatic), hair, A, C, Chen, B, etc. The lethal dose of gelsemin in animal experiments is 0.8mg/kg (enough). The symptom is breathing [swearing], and so is the symptom of Gelatin B. Interestingly, at this time, the animal's heart is still beating, and ephedrine and other substances have no obvious rescue effect, which proves that Gelatin does not act on the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system, and it is generally believed that it acts on spinal motor neurons according to muscle weakness after poisoning. Gelsemin A is less toxic, and can be used as an analgesic when combined with aspirin, with better effect, but neither of them has the function of [swearing] ganglion, which is different from that of Curculicidae. It can also inhibit adrenaline and smooth muscle, which means it can inhibit the heart and lower blood pressure. 4. Zhenjiu: Zhenjiu is a legendary bird of prey, bigger than an eagle, with a loud and harsh voice. Its feathers are highly toxic. If soaked in wine, wine will become wine, which is so toxic that it can hardly be preserved. However, considering the actual situation, it is estimated that this is just a legend. Over time, Jiujiu has become a general term for poisonous wine. There is a saying that silver carp is not a legendary bird of prey, but actually exists. Instant snake eagle and small raptor are not much bigger than chickens, and are widely distributed in southern mountainous areas, such as Wudang Mountain. Because it eats snakes, it is mistaken for being highly toxic, and the Taoist priest's "fish step" is to imitate his actions when catching snakes. There is also a saying that silver carp is a rare and unknown bird that has been completely killed. 5. Natural arsenic: chemical composition As2O3, hexagonal octahedral crystal, equiaxed crystal system. Single crystals are octahedron and rhombic dodecahedron. The aggregate is star-shaped, shell-shaped, hairy, earthy and stalactite. White sometimes has sky blue, yellow and red tones, but there are also colorless, striped white or yellow. Glass has diamond luster, as well as grease and silk luster. Mohs hardness 1.5, specific gravity 3.73-3.90, complete cleavage, shell-shaped fracture, fragile, soluble in water and highly toxic. 6. Also known as Jatropha curcas, it is a Moraceae plant and the most toxic tree among woody plants in the world. China is found in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi, western Guangdong and Hainan Province. It is a tall evergreen tree with a height of more than 30 meters. Its stem base has tall roots growing from all directions of the trunk. It blooms in spring and summer, bears small pear-like red fruit in autumn, and turns purple-black when it matures. This kind of fruit tastes extremely bitter, contains toxins and is inedible. In China, the blood seal throat has been listed as a third-class precious protected plant. Jatropha curcas milk contains many toxic substances, such as Crossbones glycoside, blood-sealed throat glycoside, lily of the valley toxin, cucurbitacin glycoside, isoliquiritigenin, maleopicroside and so on. When these toxic juices enter the human body from the wound, it will cause muscle relaxation, blood coagulation, slow heart beating, and finally lead to cardiac arrest and death. If people accidentally eat it, their hearts will swear, so they will stop beating. If milk spills into your eyes, your eyes will go blind at once. People and animals will die if they are stabbed by sharp weapons coated with poisonous juice, so they are called "sealing their throats with blood" Locals use this poison to draw arrows, or insert arrows into tree trunks and shoot animals with it. Animals will die within three steps, but meat can still be eaten. 7. Aconitum Do you remember the poisonous soup that Li Changjin's mother drank? Aconitum is the lateral root of Aconitum, a perennial herb of Ranunculaceae. Plant height 60- 120cm, alternate leaves, leathery, ovoid, 3-lobed, 2-lobed in two lobes, 3-lobed in the central lobe, with notched edges. 5 Calyx panicle, 2 petals, oblong fruit, flowering in June-July, fruiting in July-August. Liaoning, Henan, Shandong, Gansu, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guizhou are all distributed. The name Aconitum generally refers to Aconitum and Aconitum kusnezoffii, generally refers to wild species Aconitum and many other plants of the same genus, such as Aconitum (Lanwula) and Aconitum Taibai (Jinniu Qi), which are all names in traditional Chinese medicine. Poisoning is characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, coma, numbness of limbs, dyspnea, decreased pulse, blood pressure and body temperature, and arrhythmia. Ancient standard military poison, smearing weapons, preparing gunpowder and scraping bones by Guan Gong are all poisons for treating aconite. 8. Love Flowers Remember the poison in Yang Guo? The love flower is said to be a white Datura. Datura stramonium is an annual poisonous herb, which blooms in summer and autumn with a funnel-shaped corolla. Also known as wind eggplant flower, Datura flower, and mountain eggplant flower. Song and Zhou Dynasties went to Feidaling: "Datura stramonium in Guangxi, all over vilen, with big leaves and hundreds of flowers, as strong as eggplant and thorns all over the mountain, is also a medicinal material." Thieves don't eat and drink at the end, which makes people drunk and bored, so they run. "The leaves, flowers, fruits and stems of Datura stramonium can be used as medicine, containing alkaloids such as scopolamine, scopolamine and a small amount of atropine, among which the content of flowers is the highest, about 0.34%. In the book Shu Xin in Bian Que, written by Dou Cai in the Southern Song Dynasty, one side of Sleeping San is recorded: "People can't bear the pain of moxibustion with fire, so they will be unconscious and won't hurt people. Eggplant and twist flowers are the last. Every time they take San Qian, the children will only have a dollar, and they will fall asleep after taking it. "Datura stramonium is poisonous, the fruit and seeds are the most toxic, and the toxicity of dry leaves is less than that of fresh leaves. Its leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits and stems can all be used as medicine, and it contains alkaloids such as scopolamine, scopolamine and a small amount of atropine, among which the content of flowers is the highest, about 0.34%.