Its morphological characteristics are: long straight roots, semi-fleshy, multi-lateral roots and relatively developed roots; Leaves basal, rosette-shaped, procumbent, oblique or erect; The leaves are paper-like, oval, 3-12cm long and1-3.5cm wide. The seeds are oval with flat ventral surface, and the mature seeds are yellow-brown to black.
Its living habits are: strong adaptability to the environment, cold tolerance, drought tolerance, barren and fertile soil can also survive well. This plant has a strong reproductive ability, and the main mode of reproduction is seed reproduction.
Its function is: young plants are edible, and the whole plant has medicinal value after growth.
As early as China's four classical novels, Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica, it was recorded that plantain is a kind of plant that can be used as medicine. Plantain is sweet, cold and non-toxic. It has expectorant, antibacterial, liver-clearing, eyesight improving, blood pressure lowering and diuretic effects when used as medicine.
So how can plantain be planted and managed to achieve high yield? Below, the farmer will share with you the planting and management methods of dandelion.
Although plantain is a plant with wide adaptability to the environment, strong stress resistance and low requirements for soil, it will grow well in all kinds of soil, but in order to obtain high yield, it still needs to be planted on moist, fertile, organic-rich and loose land. Therefore, it is best to choose moist and fertile sandy soil for sowing. Before planting, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and 3000 ~ 5000 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure can be applied per mu, and then the plot should be plowed to make the fertilizer fully match the soil before sowing.
◇ To sow, you should first accelerate germination, soak the seeds in clear water for about 2 hours, then drain the water, wrap them in clean gauze, and put them in an environment of 15-20 degrees to accelerate germination. During the germination period, it is necessary to ensure that the seeds can germinate for about 5 days before sowing. When sowing, we can put two or three seed buds in a hole with a depth of 3 cm, a row spacing of 20-30 cm and a plant spacing of 5-8 cm.
The sowing method of dry seed sowing can be direct seeding or direct seeding. Before sowing, mix the seeds with fine sand and rub gently to remove the oil outside the seeds. Then evenly sow in the border, the border row spacing is 20-30cm, the border depth is 1- 1~ 1.5cm, and the sowing amount is 2-4g per square meter. Then cover the seeds with fine soil, the coverage is 3cm, which is beneficial to improve the germination rate of seeds. Seeds can germinate in 7-8 days, and the germination rate of this sowing method is generally above 90%.
Plantago grows slowly. After emergence, loosen the soil in time to promote rooting. When the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, they should be divided or fixed. The row spacing is 20-30cm, and the plant spacing is 10 ~ 15cm.
Plantago likes fertilizer. In the whole growth process, topdressing and foliar fertilizer should be reasonably applied 1-2 times, and quick-acting fertilizers such as dipotassium phosphate or urea can be applied to foliar topdressing. After fertilization, the leaves grow vigorously and the stress resistance is enhanced, which can promote the ear length and achieve the goal of high yield.
The first 1 time fertilization should be in May, and most of the underground topdressing is farm manure and water, and 3000Kg of light human and animal manure can be topdressing per mu to enhance its growth. The second topdressing can be carried out in early July. At this time, plantain enters the stage of young panicle differentiation, and some young panicles are extracted from leaf axils. It is necessary to control nitrogen and supplement phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers and hormones to create conditions for flowering and fruiting.
When entering the rosette stage, water should be controlled, and there should be no water at the bottom. Because the leaves at the bottom of the plantain grow on the flat ground, it is necessary to control the water reasonably when the plantain enters the growth stage to avoid the rotten leaves caused by accumulated water at the bottom.
? ◆ Diseases that harm plantain mainly include leaf blight and root rot.
The damage characteristic of leaf blight is that it mainly harms the cotyledons of plants. It starts from the cotyledons at the bottom of the plant and gradually expands upward. At the early stage of the disease, round and brown spots appeared on the leaves, the lesions continued to expand, and the central part appeared grayish brown. Finally, the cotyledons dried up and the plants died.
The main characteristics of root rot are as follows: at the early stage of the disease, brown to dark brown spots will appear on the roots and rhizomes, and then gradually fester until the skin of the plant falls off, leaving only xylem, while the shoots wither or the cotyledons turn yellow, which will cause the whole plant or branches to die in severe cases.
The prevention and control of these two diseases should focus on early prevention. From the seedling stage to the whole growth stage, you can choose 600 times carbendazim and 500 times zineb for spraying once every half month. The diseased plants should be removed in time to avoid the spread of diseases and endanger other seedlings.
Aphid is a kind of pest that mainly likes to harm plantain, and it is widely distributed. Moreover, this pest has overlapping generations and can reproduce for more than ten generations every year. Its harm mainly lies in sucking the juice of plants. When plantain is damaged by it, it will lead to the shortening and bending of panicle nodes, the abnormal curling of young leaves, which will make the plant short and seriously affect the quality and quality of plantain. For aphid control agents, we can use spinosad insecticide spray to control aphids.
? Plantago can be harvested in two parts: seed harvest and whole plant harvest.
◆ Seed collection: The lower shell of plantain ear is light brown at first, and the middle shell is yellow at first. When harvesting, the change of the upper part can be used as the harvesting standard. When you see that the flowers on the fruit above have been harvested, you can do the seed harvesting work.
★ It should be noted here that the seeds should be harvested in batches, because the plantain has a long heading period and early maturity, so it should be harvested in batches, cutting 1 ear every 3 ~ 5 days, and gradually cutting the ear. In addition, it should be noted that it is best to harvest seeds in the morning or on cloudy days to prevent them from cracking and falling off on warm sunny days.
◆ Whole grass harvesting: When plantain seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves or plants grow to 13- 17, whole grass harvesting can be carried out. When harvesting, the whole grass can be uprooted, washed, slowly dried in a ventilated and cool place, then dried in the sun, and then recycled and preserved.
★ Pay attention to the fact that the harvested whole grass must not be exposed to strong light, so as not to destroy the medicinal properties of the planted grass and cause losses.