"Shimai"
Shimai's country, Haotian's son, actually has Zhou in the right order. Thin words are shocking, and everyone is shocked. Huairou and hundreds of gods, reaching the river and Qiaoyue, allow the king to be the queen.
Ming Zhao had Zhou Dynasty, and Shixun was in place. Carrying swords for fighting, carrying bows and arrows. I ask for Yide, and I will continue to live in the summer, and I will allow the king to protect it.
Notes
⑴Time: a particle, one is said to be "on time". Still talking about "the present" and "this world". Mai: Lin Yiguang's "The Book of Songs" reads "ten thousand", numerous. State: Country. This refers to the feudal vassal states after King Wu conquered Shang.
⑵Haotian: Cangtian, Huangtian. Son: To treat him as a son is to make him a king. That is to say, he regards the princes and states as his own sons.
⑶Real: particle. One saying refers to "reality, indeed". Right: Same as "you", bless. Order: follow, comply. There is Zhou: that is, the Zhou Dynasty. Yes, it is the prefix of a noun and has no actual meaning.
⑷Bo Yan: It is like "Bo Ran" or "Bo Yan", and it means to pursue in a hurry. Zhen: majesty, means to frighten with power. This refers to King Wu threatening and exerting force with force. It: refers to the various princes and states.
⑸Shock stack: that is, "shock", shock and awe. Dui means "awe", which means fear and fear.
⑹Huairou: appease. Huai: Come. Rou: An. Baishen: Generally refers to the gods of heaven, earth, mountains and rivers. This sentence refers to offering sacrifices to hundreds of gods.
⑺ji: refers to sacrifice and. River: Yellow River, this refers to the river god. Qiao Yue: High mountain, this refers to the mountain god.
⑻Yun: Indeed, indeed. King: refers to King Wu of Zhou. Wei: Still "for". After: Jun.
⑼Mingzhao: It means "Zhao Ming", significant, which means to carry forward.
⑽Form: pronouncing words without real meaning. Sequence: order, sequence. The order of reigning: refers to the reasonable arrangement of the princes in office.
⑾Zai: It still means "ze", so, it is. 戢(jí): collection. Qian, shield. Gange: generally refers to weapons.
⑿櫜(gāo): A skin bag for holding clothes, armor or bows and arrows in ancient times. Used here as a verb. These two sentences refer to King Wu of Zhou who practiced martial arts and cultivated literature and no longer used troops.
⒀Me: Zhou people call themselves. Yi: Beautiful. Yide: virtue refers to civilized education.
⒁4: Giving, displaying, meaning implementation. When: Still "yes", this, this. Xia: China. Refers to the world ruled by the Zhou Dynasty.
⒂Guarantee: refers to maintaining the destiny and maintaining the achievements of the ancestors.
Translation
I patrol the vassal states on time. God has made me a king to bless the Zhou family and the country with prosperity.
The king of Zhou’s reputation shook the world, and everyone was shocked and frightened.
To offer sacrifices to the gods of mountains and rivers from all directions, we came to Mount Tai on the Yellow River.
The King of Zhou is really a good king. The Zhou family has the brightest virtues, and all officials will reward them in turn.
The weapons of war are all collected, and good bows and arrows are put in the bag.
I pray that the good virtues of the late king will spread throughout China, and that the king of Zhou will never forget them.
Appreciation
According to documentary records, when the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties founded their country and unified the world, they all created a set of grand and grand music and dance to commemorate the achievements of the founding of the country and the founding of the dynasty. Report to God and ancestors, establish the prestige of the new dynasty, and encourage future generations. Xia Yu successfully controlled floods and wrote "Da Xia", Shang Tang wrote "Da Yi" after he unified the world, and King Wu of Zhou wrote "Da Wu" after he destroyed Yin. These music and dances have become the most noble and noble rituals of the three generations.
It is said that "Da Wu" of the Zhou Dynasty was composed by the Duke of Zhou. It consists of six singing and dancing scenes, and there is a prelude of drumming and waiting before the singing and dancing begins. The six scenes of singing and dancing are called "Liu Cheng", and from the perspective of music, they are called "Six Chapters". There are sixty-four dancers, divided into eight rows, with eight people in each row, called "Eight Yi". Sixty percent of "Da Wu" reproduces the six major events in the founding process of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which is combined into a complete process of the Zhou Dynasty's Shang Dynasty to pacify the world. Because the founding of the Western Zhou dynasty was the result of military conquest, "Dawu" is mainly a martial dance that performs and reproduces war scenes. According to the records of "Book of Rites and Music", Confucius gave the following explanation of the historical events represented in 60% of "Dawu": "Qiefu's "Wu" started from the north; when it was completed again, it destroyed Shang; after 30%, it went to the south; Forty percent of the southern kingdom is the frontier; fifty percent of it is divided into Zhou Gong on the left and Zhao Gong on the right; sixty percent of it is restored to worship the emperor. Zheng Xuan gave a detailed explanation of this account: "The first one was when Xiang was watching the troops in Mengjin, the second one was when Xiang defeated Yin, the third one was when Xiang had enough power to defeat Yin, and the fourth one was when Xiang was invading the southern Jingman country. The five chapters are like Zhou Gong, Zhao Gong divides the duties and governs, and the six chapters are like soldiers returning to revive the brigade." According to Zheng Xuan's interpretation of Confucius' words, 60% of "Da Wu" should be divided into two, and the first 30% is. The last 30% reproduce King Wu's achievements in destroying the Shang Dynasty and reproduce the chaos caused by Zhou Ping and Duke Zhao in governing the world and achieving peace in the world. This is roughly consistent with what is stated in "Lu's Spring and Autumn Period Ancient Music": "King Wu came to the throne and sent six divisions to attack the Yin Dynasty. Before the six divisions arrived, he used sharp troops to defeat Muye. After returning, he recommended the captives to the imperial palace in Beijing. This was his order. The Duke of Zhou established himself as the king, but the people of Yin rebelled. The king ordered the merchants to obey the Xiang, and in order to abuse the Dongyi, the Duke of Zhou drove them to the south of the Yangtze River to commend them. Virtue.
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Ode poems are all temple music. The so-called "beautiful and virtuous descriptions are those that tell the gods about their success" ("Preface to Mao's Poems"). This article is no exception.
"Preface to Mao's Poems" says: ""Shimai", the patrolman announced the sacrifice of firewood. "What is patrolling? Zheng Xuan's note said: "King Wu has established the world, and when he travels to his country, it is called patrolling. "What is Chaiwang? It means Chaiji, Wangji. Chaiji means burning firewood to offer sacrifices to the heaven and earth, Wangji means looking far away and offering sacrifices to the mountains and rivers. Therefore, Kong Yingdashu believes that it is "the song of King Wu patrolling and offering sacrifices to the sky." Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems" "It is considered to be a "music song for patrolling and paying tribute to the emperor". Gao Heng, a modern man, is more specifically "a music song sung by the king of Zhou when he is looking at the mountains and rivers" ("The Book of Songs"). Although there are other ancient and modern poets. There are no big differences, but if you look closely at the poetic meaning, it is to praise King Wu after conquering the Shang Dynasty and feudal princes. He was powerful in all directions, appeased hundreds of gods, practiced martial arts and cultivated literature, thus carrying forward the achievements of the ancestors of the Zhou Dynasty. They should be praised in the ancestral temple when worshiping the ancestors. Songs of King Wu of Zhou
"Zuo Zhuan·Xuan Gong's Twelve Years" said: "King Wu defeated Shang, and wrote "Ode": "Zai Ji fought the war, and... allowed the king to protect it. ’” "Guoyu·Zhou Yushu" also said: "That's why Zhou Wen Gong (i.e. Zhou Gong Ji Dan)'s "Ode" said: "Zai Ji is fighting,... I allow the king to protect it. '" It is said that it was written by the Duke of Zhou after King Wu of Zhou conquered Shang, established the Zhou Dynasty and pacified the world, which is generally credible. The whole poem only calls King Wu "king" and "king", without using the posthumous title "武", and says "Yun Wang Wei Hou", "Shixu is on the throne", etc. are the eulogies of King Wu when he was alive.
The whole poem has fifteen lines, and Mao's poems and Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems" are not divided into chapters. He Kai's "Old Meanings of the Book of Songs" in the Ming Dynasty is divided into two chapters, starting with "Ming Zhao Youzhou" as the second chapter, and Yao Jiheng's "General Theory of the Book of Songs" in the Qing Dynasty follows this. King Wu's writings are coherent in terms of language and meaning. "Not only are the chapters uneven in length, but the style of writing is also uneven" (Fang Yurun's "The Original Book of Songs"), so it is better to stick to the old theory of not dividing it into chapters.
< p> On the basis of the foundation of the Zhou tribe created by his ancestor and father Ji Chang, and with the assistance of Lu Shang (Jiang Ziya) and Zhou Gongdan, Ji Fa, the King of Wu of Zhou, united many surrounding tribes to conquer Yin and prosper Zhou, and won the battle at Muye. He won a complete victory. Then he established the feudal lords and conquered the Western Zhou Dynasty. His achievements are remembered for thousands of years. There are many chapters in the Book of Songs that praise and praise him.This poem uses the method of "Fu" to narrate. At the beginning, it is said that the feudal princes and countries established by King Wu of Zhou are not only recognized by Emperor Tian, ??but Emperor Tian also treats them as his own sons, and their role is "right preface". "Zhou". "Emperor and Heaven have no relatives, only virtue is their auxiliary." This first shows that King Wu has received the destiny. Secondly, it also says that King Wu can not only intimidate the four directions, but also appease the gods, so his succession, "it is clear that there is Zhou" , can carry forward the glorious achievements of the Zhou ancestors. Then he writes that after King Wu pacified Yin Zhou and established the Great Zhou Dynasty, the feudal princes fought in war, fought with bows and arrows, practiced martial arts and cultivated literature, and said in a tone of admiration: We seek to govern the country. Virtue, King Wu has implemented this virtue in all parts of the world. The last sentence, in general, praises King Wu for maintaining his destiny and maintaining his ancestral virtues. It can be seen that from the beginning to the end of this poem, the semantics are mixed and the tone is coherent. The lines are full of the author's deep and admiring feelings. It takes the connection between destiny and King Wu of Zhou as the main line of the whole poem, and focuses on praising King Wu's martial arts and virtues. The layers are clear and the structure is tight. Among the poems, it is undoubtedly an excellent work. Chen Zizhan's "The Book of Songs Direct Interpretation" once quoted Ming Dynasty Sun Kuang's comment: "The first two sentences are very strong and fast, as if sitting in a bright hall, facing the atmosphere of all nations. The next section is divided into two sections, one to declare power and the other to promote virtue, both starting from "Youzhou"... It is neat and measured, and the wording is the most ancient and plump. "This is in line with the writing characteristics of this poem.
Extended reading:
The traditional influence of the Book of Songs
The "Book of Songs" has a lofty status and far-reaching influence in Chinese literature. The influence established the fine tradition of Chinese poetry, and the national characteristics of Chinese poetry art began to form.
1. The spirit and tradition of realism
The Book of Songs is based on social reality. Life is free of illusions and grotesques, and there are very few supernatural myths. The sacrifices, banquets, and farming described are the products of the social economy and ritual and music culture of the Zhou Dynasty. The descriptions of current affairs, wars, labor, marriage, and love show the Zhou Dynasty. The political situation, social life, customs and sentiments of the times, this spiritual tradition of "the hungry sing about their food, the laborers sing about their work" has been inherited and carried forward by future generations.
2. Lyric poetry tradition< /p>
Starting from the Book of Songs, lyric poetry has become one of the main forms of poetry
3. Elegance and literary innovation
The enthusiasm for paying attention to reality in the Book of Songs. , strong political and moral consciousness, and sincere and positive attitude towards life were inherited and carried forward by Qu Yuan, and were summarized as the "elegant" spirit by later generations.
Later poets often advocated the "elegant" spirit to carry out literature. Innovation. Chen Zi'ang lamented that Qi Liang had "nothing to do with elegance." Li Bai lamented, "I haven't done anything with elegance for a long time, so who can I be?" Du Fu even more "made a unique style of elegance." "Wen", as well as many outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, all inherited the spirit of "elegance". And this spirit extended from Lu You in the Song Dynasty to Huang Zunxian in the late Qing Dynasty in his creations after the Tang Dynasty.
4. The example of Fu Bixing
The expression technique of "Fu, Bixing" in "The Book of Songs" has been inherited and developed in ancient poetry creation, and has become a Chinese An important feature of ancient poetry. The Book of Songs also proves the artistic creativity of the working people with clear facts. The overlapping forms and accurate, vivid and beautiful language of folk songs in the Book of Songs have been widely absorbed and used by later generations of poets and writers. The Book of Songs, with its profound social content and beautiful artistic form, attracted future generations of literati to pay attention to and learn from folk songs. The flexible and diverse poetic forms and vivid and rich language of "The Book of Songs" also had an important impact on subsequent generations of literature. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Cao Cao, Ji Kang and others all studied the Book of Songs and wrote four-character poems. Literary rhymes such as poems, odes, proverbs, and inscriptions are also related to the Book of Songs.
The birth of "The Book of Songs" (including its production, collection and compilation) first created a new style of Chinese poetry in terms of poetry genre - the four-character style. Before "The Book of Songs", although poetry had been born, it did not have its own fixed style, and it was still in oral form, usually in two words. By the time of "The Book of Songs", Chinese poetry began to truly establish its own creative pattern. A relatively stable style was formed, which means that the real start of Chinese poetry began in the era of The Book of Songs.
"The Book of Songs" not only created the first tangible historical stage of Chinese poetry - four-character poetry, but also the influence of this style has affected the poetry creation of subsequent generations: first, the five- and seven-character poems of later generations, In particular, five-character poetry is a breakthrough and expansion based on it; secondly, even in the five- and seven-character eras, there were still authors who created many four-character poems, which followed the form of the Book of Songs.
In terms of the rhythm and rhythm of poetry, The Book of Songs also set a precedent for later generations of poetry, especially in terms of the rhyme form and rhyme of poetry, and provided a paradigm and model for later generations of poetry. This is true in poetry. Creation has important value and significance.
More importantly, "The Book of Songs" pioneered the artistic style of portraiture in creation - with its simple, true and vivid language, it vividly depicts and expresses the characteristics of things, people and society. It artistically reproduces the essence of society and provides a model and reference paradigm for artistic portraiture for later generations of literary creation (especially poetry creation). Specifically, the Book of Songs vividly painted a social and historical picture for that time and later generations, truly reflecting the appearance of society in ancient times, praising the diligence and bravery of the people in ancient times, and lashing out at the despicability and shamelessness of the ruling class. It has left a three-dimensional and concrete historical picture for future generations, and is a rich and vivid encyclopedia of ancient times.