China’s relatively comprehensive historical records began with Shi Ji, which was very later. At the same time as hieroglyphics, China only had oracle bone inscriptions, and the records were very scattered. China has no preserved early buildings like ancient Egypt, so it is difficult to determine the extent of civilization in the Shang and Yin eras. If you look at the record channel, you will know that Egypt has very detailed historical records, some of which are as detailed as every word spoken by a person. Ancient Egypt had two main recording tools, stone and papyrus. You can see that the walls and ceilings of pyramids, tombs, and temples are all covered with dense hieroglyphics. Most of them are written records of major events or personal achievements that occurred at that time. Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian writing instrument, made of reeds, and its texture is very similar to ordinary paper. Egypt's dry climate allowed them to survive to this day. Papyrus is widely used and has rich records, including general government documents, court trial records, academic documents, etc. He has given people a fairly in-depth understanding of ancient Egyptian society. However, the ancient Egyptians had an annoying bad habit of completely erasing history they didn't like from all records (a bit like the Cultural Revolution). These historical gaps are what historians work hard to study. Hieroglyphs were gradually lost after the Roman occupation of Egypt. In modern times, scholars can only sigh at the rich hieroglyphic records of ancient Egypt without even a word of continuation. People's understanding of ancient Egypt mainly comes from Greek document reprint records. The deciphering of ancient Egyptian writing is a classic legend. When Napoleon invaded Egypt, he accompanied a group of archaeologists. During this period, they found the key to deciphering hieroglyphics, the "Rosetta Stone" - the stone tablet was recorded in three languages! The top is early hieroglyphics, the middle is new hieroglyphics, and the bottom is Greek still in use today. A few years later, French paleontologist Champollion basically succeeded in deciphering it by comparing its grammar with other ancient writings in the same area. Archaeologists can now read hieroglyphs as easily as they read a foreign language.
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