As descendants, we always have a daydream about the life of the ancients. What was the life of the ancients like? What food do they usually eat? What are you wearing?
China's history books have always been called imperial genealogy. Indeed, historians always focus on the conquest of princes and princes, ignoring the concern of ordinary people.
Fortunately, there are still many related ancient books handed down, and the author has integrated the materials. Today, I will talk about the eating habits and clothing habits of small farmers during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Types and distribution areas of staple foods
In China's vast territory, the staple food is different because of different regions and climates. Its types are probably millet, millet, rice, hemp, wheat and beans.
Millet refers to millet, which is cold-resistant and has strong growth ability. Why? The length of the grain? ; Millet refers to yellow rice, which is also one of the main grains in the north. The Book of Songs? National wind "cloud:? He is separated from Xiaomi. He is a seedling of Xiaomi. ? It can be seen that these two kinds of cereals were widely planted in the Central Plains at that time.
Millet and yellow rice had many names in ancient times. Millet is also called millet, and its fine variety is also called Liang. According to different kinds, what are they? Huang Liang? 、? White millet? Same name and surname.
Rice refers to rice, which is widely planted in southern China, because it needs warm climate and humid rain.
Hemp refers to a plant whose fruit is called pockmarked, which was called Mao in ancient times.
Wheat is wheat, needless to say. This crop was widely planted in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins during the Warring States Period. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Zheng made bad friends, so? Zheng sacrificial foot handsome teacher clothing warm wheat? ; In ancient times, beans were called glutinous rice, and there were also big glutinous rice and Noemie.
The status of beans in ancient times seems to be higher than that of crops such as millet, according to Mozi? Shang Xian said? Millet is much, people are full? . Mencius also said:? Sages rule the world and make millet like fire and water? . These records put beans in the first place, and their status can be seen.
The above cereals were the staple food during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
There are about three ways people deal with staple food:
First, cook. This may be the most common practice of the people;
Second, speculation. In the ancient army, food was generally fried first, and then mixed with water to make dry food. Because this kind of dry food is often put in the pot, so there is? Eat pot pulp? Say;
Third, grinding into powder, you can use flour to make cakes. The process of grinding is called. Run over? "Taiping Preview" is interpreted as:? What are stone tablets and valleys? .
meat dishes
There are many kinds of meat dishes, mainly cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens and dogs. But in the south, fishing and hunting prevail, so there are fish, turtles, mussels and so on for human consumption in the south.
Besides the above categories, people can also go hunting in the wild. Mencius said:? Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. ? This sentence is to persuade people to enter the forest to cut down trees according to the season, but from another angle, we know that forests, mountains and other places are free for people to enter, so people can also enter the mountains and rivers to hunt.
For meat, there are three main cooking methods in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period: one is to cook meat soup; Second, barbecue; Third, make sauce.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was generally the custom of eating meat in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Now here are eight treasures of the Zhou Dynasty:
Pure roasting: spread delicious meat sauce on rice and pour special oil on it.
Chunmu: Chunmu is similar to the spring exam, except that under the meat sauce is a cake made of millet ground into powder.
Canned dolphin: First, take a pig, slaughter it, clean its internal organs, then put dates, then wrap the pig with reeds, smear it with mud, and roast it on the fire. When the mud is dry, take the pig out, wrap it in a layer of gruel, fry it in a pot full of oil, and then cook it in a pot full of water for three days and three nights. After three days, season it with meat sauce and vinegar.
Cannon sheep: See Cannon Dolphin.
Pearl Krabs: Take out the tenderloin of beef, mutton, minced meat, venison and pork, mix them together and beat them repeatedly, then put them in a pot to cook, remove the meat film and season them with meat sauce and vinegar.
Stain: It means that chopped beef is soaked in fine wine.
Boiling: refers to the barbecue of meat with cinnamon, ginger and salt.
Liver and buttock: wrap the dog liver with intestinal fat, then mix with meat sauce and bake it on the fire. When the fat is burned, the liver will be cooked.
Eight treasures of the Western Zhou Dynasty were probably the main method of meat eating in the Central Plains during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, but this kind of meat was not affordable for ordinary people.
Luxury aristocrats eat meat in many ways. Wu Wangliao, is it because of eating? Braised fish? King Chu was assassinated by Zhuan Xu and wanted to eat bear's paw when he died. For these? Carnivores? Ordinary people can only use poetry to express their indignation:
No crops, no crops, no crops, no crops. No hunting, no hunting. Is there a county in Hu Zhaner's court? He is a gentleman, he is not a vegetarian! The Book of Songs? Cut sandalwood
Vegetables, fruits and drinks
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, although wars were frequent, they drank a lot. When it comes to drinks, wine is well-deserved first.
There are several types of wine: light and clear, called sake, that is? Cheng? ; There is also a sweet wine called? Hey? ; In addition, there are liquor and fragrant liquor.