(AD 15 18) was born in a doctor's family in Hubei. When I was a teenager, I often went to my father and brother to collect herbs, or copied prescriptions for my father and listened to his explanation of pharmacology. At that time, the imperial examination was popular, and he was a scholar of 14 years old. But he loves medicine and is not interested in stereotyped writing. Therefore, after three failures, Kao Ju-ren gave up the road of becoming an official in the imperial examination and devoted himself to medicine.
In the process of practicing medicine, he found that the cursive script at that time was incomplete, with confusing names and full of fallacies. So I made up my mind to write a new cursive script. He made a detailed study of ancient books on materia medica and medicine. For a long time, I went deep into the people to learn from the working people, collected medicinal materials in the deep mountains and forests, and opened up medicinal gardens to cultivate medicinal materials. After 27 years of hard work, he finally wrote the world-famous Compendium of Materia Medica at the age of 6 1. This book not only summarizes the history of China's ancient materia medica, but also systematizes the previous chemical knowledge to a new level of understanding. The book contains 1 892 kinds of drugs, including 266 kinds of inorganic substances. The classification of drugs is more detailed, so some confusing substances are named and corrected.
Ge Hong —— An alchemist in ancient China
China was the first country where alchemy appeared. Although the purpose of alchemists is to refine the elixir of life, their methods and raw materials make them the first people to start chemical experiments and research. In the history of our country, the most famous person who studied alchemy was Ge Hong of Jin Dynasty (about 28 1 ~ 36 1).
Ge Hong was born in a declining bureaucratic aristocratic family. /kloc-when he was 0/3 years old, his father died and his family went from bad to worse. But he studied hard and had no money to buy pens and paper, so he practiced calligraphy with charcoal. He read widely and carefully studied classics, history books, medical books and a hundred schools of thought contend, so he became a learned man. He has been interested in alchemy all his life. Although I worked as a "Guanneihou" official, I finally resigned, specializing in alchemy and pharmacy and becoming a doctor. He has been away from the world for a long time, engaged in the research of alchemy, learned the properties of copper sulfate, alum, Lithuania and other compounds, and carried out many chemical transformations including alchemy and mercury smelting. In addition to alchemy, he also recorded in detail the chemical changes observed in alchemy. He wrote many books in his life, including 160 pieces of Internal and External Articles of Bao Puzi, 100 volumes of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and four volumes of Urgent Prescriptions. Among them, Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter is his main alchemy work.
Zhang Heng (AD 78- 139) was born in Xi 'e, Nanyang (now Shiqiaoxia Village, Nanyang City, Henan Province), and was the same as Shangshu and Hejian.
He was a great scientist, writer, inventor and politician in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and built a towering monument in the history of world science and culture.
In seismology, he invented the "Seismograph" (AD 132), which was the first instrument in the world to measure earthquakes and directions, more than 700 years earlier than Europe. In astronomy, he invented the "armillary sphere" (A.D. 1 17), which was the first large-scale astronomical instrument driven by water to observe stars in the world. He wrote books such as Notes on the Huntianyi Instrument and Lingxian, drew a complete star chart, and put forward the scientific conclusion that "moonlight is born in the sun and shines on it". In literature, he is a brilliant star in the history of China literature.
Mathematician Zu Chongzhi
Zu Chongzhi (AD 429-500) was born in Laiyuan County, Hebei Province during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. He read many books on astronomy and mathematics since childhood, studied hard and practiced hard, and finally made him an outstanding mathematician and astronomer in ancient China.
Zu Chongzhi's outstanding achievement in mathematics is about the calculation of pi. On the basis of predecessors' achievements, Zu Chongzhi worked hard and calculated repeatedly, and found that π was between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927. He also got an approximation in the form of π fraction as the reduction rate and density rate, where.
Zu Chongzhi exhibited famous works at that time and insisted on seeking truth from facts. He compared and analyzed a large number of materials calculated by himself, found serious mistakes in the past calendars, and dared to improve them. At the age of 33, he successfully compiled the Daming Calendar, which opened a new era in calendar history.
Lu Ban
Luban, a native of Shandong, is now regarded as the originator of the construction industry, which is far from enough. Not only in the construction industry, but also in the aerospace industry, Lu Ban invented the flying kite and was the first person to conquer space. In military science, Lu Ban is a great military scientist. He invented siege weapons such as ladders (heavy weapons) and hook giants (which people still use today). In terms of machinery, Lu Ban has long been known as a mechanical saint; In addition, there are many achievements in civil and technical aspects. Lu Ban's contribution to mankind can be said to be unprecedented and unprecedented, and he is China's well-deserved father of scientific and technological inventions.
Huang Daopo
Cotton textile innovator in yuan dynasty. Also known as Huang Po. The year of birth and death is unknown. Songjiang Prefecture (present-day Shanghai) is a native of Wunijing. During Yuan Zhen's reign, she will reform the textile technology she learned in Yazhou (now Hainan Island) and make a set of tools for stringing, bouncing, spinning and weaving (such as a blender, a pedicel and a three-spindle pedal spinning wheel). ), and the spinning efficiency is improved. In weaving, she wove the famous black mud warp quilt by using the techniques of wrong yarn, color matching, heald and jacquard, which promoted the development of cotton textile technology and cotton textile industry in Songjiang area. In the third year of Yuan Dynasty (1337), a memorial hall was built for her, and a cemetery and monument were built for her in Shanghai in 1957.
Li Chun
Anji Bridge spans Jishui River, 2.5 kilometers south of Zhao County, Hebei Province. It was built with stone by Li Chun, a craftsman of Sui Dynasty. It is the oldest stone bridge in China. The bridge is 50.8 meters long and 9.6 meters wide. It consists of 28 stone arches with a clear distance of 37.47 meters and a thickness of one meter. The stone coupon is 7.23 meters high, only one-fifth of the clear span, and the arc is part of a semicircle. There are also two small stone coupons near the two ends of the bridge embankment, which makes the slope of the bridge deck gentle, which is not only conducive to the passage of cars and horses, but also reduces the dead weight of the bridge and the impact of floods. Scientific and reasonable structure, beautiful and novel shape. There are dragons and beasts carved on the booths on both sides of the stone bridge, which are vivid in shape, smooth in lines and finely carved. They are exquisite stone carvings in the Sui Dynasty.
Bi Sheng, the father of printing.
Movable type printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. According to Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan, movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng, a Buyi nationality, in the Li Qing period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1045- 1048).
Cai LUN
Cai Lun, a famous scholar of papermaking in China, has a respectful remark. Guiyang (now the south of Chenzhou, Hunan Province) is a native. In the eighteenth year of Ming Yongping (75), he entered the palace as an official. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty (87 years), Ren Shang made an order. In 105, papermaking was invented. He always uses bark, hemp head, rags, old fishing nets and other raw materials to make paper after beating, mashing, papermaking and baking, which is called "Cai Hou Paper", which has made great contributions to leather paper transformation and was later passed down as the inventor of papermaking.
Papermaking is one of the four great inventions in ancient China, which has made great contributions to the spread and development of world culture.