The following is some information about how to deal with warehouse fires edited by Learning Bian Xiao for your reference.
Warehouse fire case
At 0: 00 on October 20th, 2006, a fire broke out in the warehouse of Hua Wei Chemical Fiber Company in Xinhua Town, Huadu District, Guangzhou. Because all the flammable materials are stored in the warehouse, the wind helps the fire to spread and burn quickly, and the sky in the northeast of Xinhua Town is covered with smoke. The choking smell of burning forced many villagers to take out towels to cover their nostrils, and residents living next to the warehouse were forced to evacuate. More than 200 households in Bicun, where Hua Wei Chemical Fiber Factory is located, also lost power.
After receiving the alarm, the fire department mobilized 20 fire engines from all over the country. 1 10 Fire officers and soldiers rushed to the scene to put out the fire, but most of the company's finished products and raw materials were still swallowed up by the fire. The fire lasted for nearly seven hours before it was put out. In the fire, all the scaffolding on the roof of the warehouse collapsed, and even the warehouse wall made of reinforced concrete appeared several cracks due to long-term flame baking.
The cause of the warehouse fire
This is a very common case of warehouse fire. In recent years, China warehouse fires have occurred from time to time. After investigation by relevant departments, it is found that warehouse fires occur from time to time because they have the following characteristics.
1. There are many combustibles, and the fire risk is great.
At present, it is very common to pile up various materials in large warehouses, such as daily necessities, textile and chemical fiber products, stationery paper, rubber products, plastic products and so on. , most of them are mixed in a warehouse, which is generally stored by stacking, shelf layering and pallet stacking. There are many stacked materials, high density, many kinds of combustible materials and great fire risk. Some big warehouse also have small warehouses to store expensive cigarettes, wine, nutrition and inflammable and explosive dangerous goods.
2. The fire resistance is low and the fire spreads quickly.
Large warehouses are generally transformed from rented old factories, with low fire resistance, large building space and many materials to be stored. In addition, they are not designed for storage purposes. After leasing, in order to store the goods conveniently, the leasing unit often refits and builds it without authorization, which further reduces the fire resistance limit of the warehouse. In particular, some simple warehouses with randomly built steel roof trusses will reduce the strength of steel structures due to fire barbecue in case of fire, leading to warehouse collapse and roof caving.
3. Full use will increase the fire risk.
Warehouse is generally adjacent to shopping malls and factories, and is composed of sales, warehousing, production and office buildings. Some are from warehouses to stores, and some are from front-end warehouses to back-end factories. The comprehensive utilization and connection of the sites make the fire safety distance insufficient, which further increases the fire risk. If a fire breaks out in one place, it is easy to burn down the camp.
It is difficult to evacuate the crowded crowd.
After a fire in a warehouse, heat, smoke and poison are very harmful, especially in warehouses adjacent to or connected with supermarkets and shopping malls. Because of the high concentration and density of business and shopping personnel, there are hundreds of customers coming and going at ordinary times and tens of thousands at festivals. So many people evacuate under the threat of fireworks and toxic gases in the fire, which is easy to cause chaos, crowd crowding, trampling, poisoning suffocation, burns and other accidents, resulting in many deaths and injuries.
5. The architectural forms are diverse and it is difficult to preserve.
Some large warehouses are rebuilt by renting old factories, office buildings and civil air defense projects, while others are warehouses with brick-concrete and herringbone roof structures. Due to poor ventilation, in case of fire, it is very difficult to evacuate and save people and put out the fire. The warehouse located upstairs is easy to collapse due to the burning of fire and the accumulation of fire water. However, in the warehouse group where materials are stored centrally, it is difficult to put out the fire after a fire because of the large storage space, short fire protection distance and dense storage of materials.
6. There are few warehouse administrators, and the fire is discovered late.
Generally speaking, because there are many people working during the day, materials in and out of the warehouse are frequent, and they are easy to be found after a fire, while fewer people get off work. Generally, only the personnel on duty are on duty in the warehouse. Some warehouses do not even have staff on duty. Once a fire breaks out, it is not easy to be found, which leads to the expansion and deterioration of the fire.
Main extinguishing medium for warehouse fire
Putting out the initial warehouse fire in time is the fundamental measure to reduce the loss of stored materials and casualties in the fire. Due to the different physical and chemical properties of the materials stored in each warehouse, there are also differences in combat methods. Therefore, when fighting the fire in the warehouse, we must take correct and appropriate fighting media and measures according to the materials stored in the warehouse.
1. water
Water is the most abundant fire extinguishing agent, with strong fire extinguishing ability, low price and easy access. When water evaporates, it not only absorbs a lot of heat, but also produces a lot of water vapor. Water protects buildings and equipment through the cooling effect of evaporation, and water vapor inhibits the spread of fire by diluting and preventing oxygen supply. Practice has proved that when the water vapor content in the air reaches more than 35%, the flame will automatically go out.
There are usually two ways to put out a fire with water:
One is the use of high-pressure direct-flow water, that is, through pressurization, a powerful water column is formed in the water belt, which can be sprayed far away. Because of the high water pressure and good fire extinguishing effect, it is suitable for extinguishing or cooling all kinds of combustible substances and protecting adjacent combustible substances or buildings. However, high-pressure DC water can not be used for powdery solids, which will lead to dust flying, expand the fire, and even deflagrate and flash. The second is to use flowering fog. When extinguishing fire, spray and mist can be formed by adjusting the nozzle of DC water gun, or powder solid fire can be extinguished with spray water gun.
Pay special attention when putting out the fire with water. Substances that can react with water cannot be put out with water, such as warehouse fires containing sodium (Na), potassium (K) and their oxides, as well as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, metal carbides, peroxides and other substances. Flammable liquid fires cannot be put out with water, such as gasoline, benzene, acetone and other substances, which are less dense than water and insoluble in water, and can spread and expand with water flow. A warehouse fire with burning metal or melt will produce combustible gas and cause chemical or physical explosion, so it cannot be put out with water. Fires of electrical equipment and electrified systems cannot be put out with water to prevent trapped people or firefighters from getting an electric shock. Warehouse fires with corrosive liquids, such as sulfuric acid, should not be put out with water, so as not to cause corrosive liquids to overflow and expand casualties and losses. Warehouse fires with precision instruments and important files cannot be put out with water to prevent such materials from being deformed and damaged.
2 foam extinguishing agent
Generally, the preparation of foam extinguishing agent is to store sodium bicarbonate, aluminum sulfate and a proper amount of foaming agent in the same container. When in use, the container is inverted, and the two solutions are mixed, so that carbon dioxide and aluminum hydroxide foam are rapidly generated in the chemical reaction. This kind of foam has a certain viscosity, which can be attached to the surface of combustion products after high pressure and high speed injection, isolating the air and playing the role of fire extinguishing. Foam extinguishing agent can put out a variety of solid and liquid fires, which is very effective in putting out initial flammable liquid fires. Foam extinguishing agent contains moisture, so it is not allowed to use foam extinguishing agent for water fire extinguishing.
3. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent
Carbon dioxide is an inert gas with a density of 1.529, which is heavier than air. As a fire extinguishing agent, carbon dioxide is generally stored in a cylinder in liquid form, and the pressure in the cylinder is 60Pa at 20℃. When extinguishing a fire with liquid carbon dioxide, it can absorb a lot of heat and form a dry ice state. At about -80℃, it can quickly absorb the fire temperature and produce carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide repels and dilutes oxygen and combustible gases in the fire. When the concentration of carbon dioxide reaches 30%-35%, the combustion will naturally stop. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent is non-conductive, non-corrosive and harmless to objects. Widely used in electrical appliances, precision instruments, books and other fires, but can react with alkali metals, not suitable for fighting alkali metal fires. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, hold the wooden handle and don't touch the cylinder to avoid frostbite. At the same time, stand on the windward side to put out the fire, so as to avoid inhaling excessive carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is widely used and easy to store, and is widely used in various warehouse fires.
4. Dry powder extinguishing agent
Dry powder fire extinguishing agent is a new type of fire extinguishing agent. It consists of sodium bicarbonate and other substances, some lubricants, moisture-proof agents and so on. At the same time, the fire extinguisher is equipped with high-pressure carbon dioxide as injection power. Dry powder fire extinguishing agent combines the advantages of carbon dioxide, foam and other fire extinguishing agents-fast fire extinguishing speed, high efficiency, non-conductivity, no corrosion, low toxicity and easy storage. When the dry powder extinguishing agent is used to extinguish the fire, it can not only form a flame-retardant isolation layer on the surface of the burning object, but also decompose the non-combustible gas by heating, dilute the oxygen content in the fire area and interrupt the combustion. Dry powder fire extinguishing agent is widely used, so it can be widely used in warehouse fires.