With the strong support of provincial and municipal leaders and the national and provincial cultural relics bureaus, the Lixian County Party Committee and County Government have made unremitting efforts to protect and utilize the Qin Gong Cemetery site, and have held " National Qin People's Xicui Culture Symposium" and the "Special Exhibition of Bronze Artifacts from the Qinxi Chuiling Mausoleum in Li County, Gansu Province" were held at the Sackler Archeology and Art Museum of Peking University, making the Qin Gong Mausoleum site famous throughout China and overseas. In 1997, the Gansu Provincial People's Government listed Qin Gong Cemetery in Dabaozi Mountain, Li County as a key cultural relic protection unit in the province, and announced the protection scope of Qin Gong Cemetery in Dabaozi Mountain. In July 2001, the cemetery was officially listed as the fifth batch of cultural relics protection units in the country by the State Council. In order to better protect and develop the site, in 2002 Li County commissioned the Shaanxi Ancient Architecture Design Institute to complete a comprehensive plan for the protection of the Qin Gong Cemetery site, and also invited the archaeological and architectural circles of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces to After conducting on-site inspections, experts held a "Dabaozi Mountain Site and Tomb Protection Planning Demonstration Meeting" and submitted it to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage for approval and implementation after passing the provincial demonstration. This indicates that in the near future, early Qin culture such as early Qin capitals, residences, buildings, foundries, rituals, and mausoleums will be vividly displayed in front of the world and will shine again. The study of early Qin culture is a systematic project with a large workload and wide coverage. With the strong support of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Provincial Administration of Cultural Relics, the study was completed in March 2004 by the Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archeology, and the National Five units including the museum, the School of Archeology and Museology of Peking University, and the Department of Archeology of Northwest University formed a joint archaeological team and set up a research group on early Qin culture. They plan to conduct a five-year survey of the Western Han River Basin, the upper reaches of the Wei River and the areas where the Qin people were active early. Its tributaries carry out large-scale archaeological surveys, excavations and comprehensive research. According to literature, the Western Han Dynasty watershed was the central area of ??Qin people's early activities, and the discovery of Qin Gong's tomb confirmed this. The joint archaeological team first focused on the Western Han River Basin. The archaeological team conducted a systematic survey of the area on both sides of the main stream of the West Han River, which is about 40 kilometers long, starting from Tianshui Township in Tianshui City in the east and ending at Jiangkou Township in Li County in the west, as well as the tributaries such as the Red River, Yongping River, and Yanzi River. 10 The professionals were divided into two groups and visited every hilltop and platform on both sides of the Western Han River to investigate ancient ruins from various periods. After three years of arduous investigation, archeology, drilling and excavation work by archaeologists, the archaeological work of early Qin culture has achieved major results, which once again shocked the country and abroad. Wang Hui, deputy director of the Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, who is part of the joint archaeological team, said that through the investigation of the Western Han River and its tributaries in Li County, a large number of remains related to the Qin people during the Zhou and Qin periods were discovered. ***98 sites of various types were discovered, and more than 70 new sites were discovered. Among the 47 Zhou Dynasty sites investigated, 38 sites are dominated by Qin culture, including "Six Eight Pictures - Feijiazhuang", "Dabaozi Mountain - Zhaoping", "Thunder Temple (West Mountain) - Shi The three relatively independent but interconnected large site groups of Gouping and Gouping can be said to be the three activity centers of the early Qin people. The archaeological investigation of cultural relics in the Western Han River Basin has provided important clues for exploring some unresolved issues in history, such as the early Qin capital "Xiquqiu", the formation of Qin culture, and the relationship between Qin and Rong. At the same time, the archaeological team also discovered three city sites from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period in Xishan, Dabaozi Mountain and Shanping in the county. The Xishan City Site is built against the mountain. The total length of each section of the city wall that has been discovered so far is about 1,200 meters. It was abandoned no later than the early Spring and Autumn Period. At the same time, 800 tombs were discovered, as well as house foundations, ash pits, ancient roads, kiln sites and other relics, giving a basic understanding of the scope, structure and layout of the Xishan ruins and city sites. The discovery of the Han Dynasty sacrificial site in Luanting Mountain, located in the west of the county seat, is another important achievement in the archaeological work of early Qin culture. The site consists of a sacrificial platform on the top of Luanting Mountain at an altitude of 1,700 meters and rammed earth platforms on the mountainside in the east and west. More than 80 sacrificial pits from the Zhou Dynasty and tombs from the Warring States and Han Dynasties were found nearby. Sacrificial jade, Changle Weiyang tiles and animal bones were unearthed during the excavation. The site had human habitation and activities in the Zhou Dynasty. In a Han Dynasty half-moon-shaped shallow ditch about 20 meters long from east to west, 11 complete sets of jade articles, totaling 51 pieces, were found. There are three types of jade articles: Gui, Bi and jade figures. The combination methods include jade on top of jade, jade on top of jade, and multiple pieces of jade on top of each other. The largest diameter of the jade is about 15 centimeters long and 10 centimeters wide; the largest diameter of the jade bi is about 22 centimeters. Guido has sapphire, and Bi has white jade. There are two jade figures, one male and one female, together with Gui and Bi. "The Rites of Zhou": "There are two sizes of four Gui, for worshiping the sky." It also says: "Use the blue jade to worship the sky, and use the yellow cong to worship the earth." This site should be a special place for worshiping the sky in the Han Dynasty. It is used for studying the suburban rituals of the Han Dynasty. Jade and related rituals provide important archaeological information. This year, the joint archaeological team focused on the Dabaozi site and found through investigation that there are Dabaozishan City Site, Shanping City Site, and two noble cemeteries at Dome Mountain and Yantu Cliff distributed within an area of ??10 square kilometers. The total area of ??the Dabaozi ruins is about 500,000 square meters. In addition to a small amount of Qijia cultural relics, the main body is the Zhou Dynasty city site, tombs and residences outside the city, small and medium-sized cemeteries outside the east city, and Qin Gong's tomb and sacrificial pits in the central area. Wait for a few parts. The city site was built on a hillside and is roughly rectangular in plan. It has rammed earth city walls. The east and west rammed earth city walls are 1,000 meters long. The north city wall is about 250 meters long. The south wall has not yet been discovered. The city walls are rammed, and the north wall is in the best condition, with a direction of 45 degrees.
The city site covers an area of ??about 250,000 square meters, including Qin Gong's tomb, large building foundations, and sacrificial pits. At present, 1.29 million square meters of the sites inside and outside the city have been drilled. So far, the government has discovered 699 relics of various types, including rammed earth city walls, building foundations, ash pits, pottery kilns, tombs, wells, chariot and horse pits, etc. In 2006, the largest building foundation has been excavated at the Dabaozi Mountain site. It is 102 meters long from north to south and 17 meters wide from east to west. The building foundation is surrounded by rammed earth walls, with 17 large pillar foundation stones in the middle and the west wall. The residual height above the ground is 20 to 60 centimeters, the wall width is about 1.5 meters, and the underground foundation is about 3 meters wide. Only the foundation portion of the east wall, north wall and the eastern half of the south wall remains, which is about 2 to 3 meters wide. The building is large in scale and should be regarded as a large palace-like building. Judging from the accumulation of strata and the inclusions in the rammed earth, this building foundation was built around the late Western Zhou Dynasty and early Spring and Autumn Period. It was abandoned during the Warring States Period and severely damaged during the Han Dynasty. In modern times, the above-ground portion of the east wall was completely destroyed due to the renovation of the terraces. During the excavation of tombs, 6 tombs, 1 chariot and horse pit, four pits for human sacrifices, and one pit for artifacts have been excavated. Bronze bells and stoneware were unearthed. Experts speculate that the sacrificial pit just unearthed may have been used to worship the earth gods. The most eye-catching cultural relics unearthed during this excavation are a set of bronze chimes from the early Qin Dynasty, consisting of 3 large bells and 8 small button bells. , the appearance is complete and overall, showing dark green, with 11 clocks lined up and neatly placed in the tunnel. Archaeologists said that this set of chimes is very well preserved and can still play beautiful music again after it is completely unearthed. Through this survey, drilling and excavation, the layout and structure of the Dabaozishan site have been basically understood. The excavation of the Dabaozi Mountain site revealed a large palace-style building with rammed earth walls and column foundations, as well as a sacrificial pit with bronze bells unearthed. It is important to understand the nature of the Dabaozi city site, confirm the owner of Qin Gong's tomb, and study the sacrifices at that time. It also provides extremely precious information on the ritual and music system and bronze casting technology. At the same time, it also provides scientific basis for the protection and utilization of the Dabaozishan site. A number of national treasure-level precious cultural relics newly unearthed at the Dabaozishan site, including city sites and residences of the Zhou Dynasty, cemeteries outside the city, and bronze chime sacrificial pits, date from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. Its large scale and high specifications are truly rare. According to Sima Qian's "Historical Records. Qin Benji", the Qin people were mainly active in the southeast of present-day Gansu during the Western Zhou Dynasty, and their capital "Xi Quanqiu" (Xicui) and Xian Gong's mausoleum were located on the upper reaches of the Western Han River in today's Li County area. This proves that Sima Qian's records are credible. At the same time, this excavation revealed for the first time large-scale settlement remains of the early Qin people, and obtained new information for understanding the living patterns of the Qin people at that time. These discoveries of a large number of remains related to the Qin people during the Zhou and Qin dynasties further prove that Li County was the center of activities of the early Qin people, the seat of Xi County during the Qin and Han dynasties, and the true birthplace of Qin ancestors and Qin culture. The "hometown" of Qin Shihuang, the emperor of the ages.