In ancient times, it generally went through the stages of oral communication and written communication experienced by all mankind, but because of the uniqueness of Chinese and written language, it has different characteristics from other nationalities in the world in the early stage of communication. Especially because of the rich cultural heritage of the Chinese nation and the detailed records of ancient books, it is more reliable to describe the origin of ancient communication in China. This is beyond the reach of some western scholars when studying the origin of communication. As for the ways of communication during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, such as collecting poems and observing customs, posting postal orders, guarding tunnels, discussing politics in villages and schools, taking notes from historians, lobbying princes, gathering disciples to give lectures, writing books, and gossiping, they were deeply branded by that era, and there were different forms of politics, military, economy and gossip at that time and later. Among them, the factors of communication also left a profound lesson for future generations. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he adopted a series of political, economic and social reform measures, such as building roads, unifying writing, unifying currency and weights and measures, and relocating residents, which objectively created favorable conditions for the smooth social communication. It was the development of communication that contributed to the rise and strength of the Qin Dynasty. Besides, Qin Shihuang's brutal feudal autocratic measures such as "burning books to bury Confucianism" blocked the communication channels, stopped the exchange of information, curbed the development of communication ideas, and finally accelerated the collapse of the Qin Dynasty. Since then, on the occasion of the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang's "Three Chapters of Contract" ("Killing, Injuring and Stealing") can be regarded as the earliest "widely publicized" in China's political and military fields. Under the background of great unification, carry out great unification of public opinion. From the perspective of communication, its gains and losses in social control are worth summarizing by future generations. The emergence of "Cai Hou Paper" in the Eastern Han Dynasty is a real revolution in the history of communication. Cai Houzhi improved the writing materials of characters, and since then, as the main way of human communication, it has an advanced carrier. It is related to the emergence of movable type printing in Song Dynasty. This also marks another leap in communication technology. The development of imperial academy in the Eastern Han Dynasty is a miracle in the history of communication. According to records, there are 240 Imperial Colleges, 1 850, with more than 30,000 students. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large number of imperial academy students promoted social communication. In addition, communication is closely related to the development of religion. They all use unique communication methods. As for the yellow turban insurrectionary peasant uprising at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, they used various means of communication to publicize and organize the revolution, which finally produced the communication effect of "eight countries concurrent" and "the whole world responding". Under the influence of communication behavior, the basic political system, economic order and ideological and cultural concepts of ancient China society were generally formed in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, and the above communication methods were inherited from the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
E-commerce originated from electronics in Britain.
Business, abbreviated as EC. Council of Europe 1997 defines e-commerce as "conducting business transactions by electronic means". E-commerce includes two aspects, one is electronic means, the other is business activities. E-commerce refers to the simple, fast and low-cost electronic communication mode. Buyers and sellers engage in various business activities without meeting each other. E-commerce is based on the electronic processing and transmission of data (including text, sound and images), including many different activities (such as e-commerce of goods and services, online transmission of digital content, electronic transfer, commodity auction, collaboration, online resource utilization, consumer goods marketing and after-sales service). It involves products (consumer goods and industrial products) and services (information services, financial and legal services). Traditional activities and new activities (virtual shopping malls). American politics? Quot According to the outline of global e-commerce, e-commerce is a variety of businesses conducted through the Internet, including advertising, trading, payment, services and other activities, and global e-commerce will involve all countries in the world.
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