The ancient book Song Dynasty Tales: Five Rats Roar at Tokyo is an old collection of Mr. Zhou Shaoliang. There are Zhi De (Zhu Yin), Patent Zhai (Zhu Yin), Yin (Bai Yin), Zhi De Zhen Ben (Zhu Yin) and other collections. Where a roll has ten leaves and one leaf is missing, it is not known whether there is a preface or postscript at the beginning; At the end of the last page, there is a title "Five Rats Noisy Tokyo New Publication Song" and a brand "Langfang Hutong Fee Publication". At the end of the book, there is an inscription and postscript by Mr. Gu, a famous expert in ancient book edition.
The Zodiac, also known as the Zodiac, is twelve animals that match the twelve earthly branches in China according to the year of birth, namely rats, cows, tigers, rabbits, dragons, snakes, horses, sheep, monkeys, chickens, dogs and pigs.
The origin of the zodiac is related to animal worship. According to the Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Yunmeng Shuihudi, Hubei Province and Fangmatan, Tianshui, Gansu Province, there was a relatively complete zodiac system in the pre-Qin period. The earliest handed down document that recorded the same Chinese zodiac as the modern one was Lun Heng written by Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The ancient book Lin Shu Wen Cuitang, Wanli of Ming Dynasty, is a new edition, which is like the biography of five rats in Tokyo, reloaded with gold and jade, and has two volumes. The frame is 19.8cm high and 12.2cm wide. The inner seal is divided into two columns, the right column is narrow, and the top right column is vertically titled "package judgment"; The left column is wide, and the handwritten Chinese characters are vertically titled "Five Rats Make East" and separately titled "Biography of Beijing"; The title of the book is engraved with the word "volume", but the number of volumes is not engraved. There are two volumes, the first volume and the second volume, the plot of which is equivalent to the first volume of the Qing Dynasty edition of "Biography of Tokyo Bao Gong Receiving the Magic Five Rats". Originally, it seems to be divided into four volumes, but the third and fourth volumes have been lost. In 2007, it was sold at Shanghai Guopai for 46,200 yuan, which was collected by Mr. Pan Jianguo in Hanzhai.
The zodiac is an intuitive representation of the twelve earthly branches, namely, Zi (mouse), Ugly (ox), Yin (tiger), Mao (rabbit), Chen (dragon), Si (snake), Wu (horse), Wei (sheep), Shen (monkey), You (chicken) and Xu (chicken). In modern times, more people regard the zodiac as the mascot of the Spring Festival and become a symbol of entertainment and cultural activities.
As a long-standing symbol of folk culture, the zodiac has left a lot of poems, Spring Festival couplets, paintings, calligraphy and paintings and folk arts and crafts that depict the image and symbolic meaning of the zodiac. Apart from China, many countries in the world issue stamps of the zodiac during the Spring Festival to express their wishes for the New Year in China.
In less than a month's time, it is the traditional festival of our Chinese nation-Spring Festival, which is about to send away the Year of the Pig and usher in the Year of the Rat. Gu Shujun wishes you all the best in the Year of the Rat!
First, the rat head of Yuanmingyuan
The animal head of Yuanmingyuan? Rat head? Collection of China Museum
Personally, I think the mouse head of Yuanmingyuan is the most famous cultural relic related to mice. The bronze statue of the mouse head originally belonged to the Dashuifa bronze statue in front of Haiyan Hall in the West Building of Yuanmingyuan. 1860 was looted and lost overseas after "burning Yuanmingyuan". In the Second World War, the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan and took away twelve bronze animal heads, which led to the loss of these national treasures overseas 140 years.
Yuanmingyuan Haitang Hall? Original appearance of animal head fountain
At present, seven bronze animal heads of rats, cows, tigers, monkeys, pigs, rabbits and horses have been rescued by patriots. The bronze faucet, snake head, sheep head, chicken head and dog head are missing.
Yuanmingyuan Haitang Hall? The fountain of the animal head is like this.
At 3: 04 Beijing time on February 26th, 2009, the rat's head was auctioned at Christie's in France at a price of 6.5438+0.4 million euros. Cai Mingchao became the last bidder in the auction of rabbit head and mouse head in Yuanmingyuan. Niu Xianfeng, Deputy Director-General of China Special Fund for Rescue of Lost Overseas Cultural Relics, said at the press conference held in Beijing on March 2, 2009 that Cai Mingchao, the collection consultant of China Special Fund for Rescue of Lost Overseas Cultural Relics, participated in the auction of rabbit's head and mouse's head in Yuanmingyuan, and became the final bidder.
Niu Xianfeng told reporters: Although Cai Mingchao photographed the rabbit head and the mouse head of the Yuanmingyuan in Paris at a total price of 3 1.49 million euros, he later said at a press conference in Beijing: "I won't pay. Under the circumstances at that time, people from all over China would come out, and I just did my duty. " The latest news: On 26th, at 6:5438+0 1, Song Xinchao, Deputy Director of Cultural Relics Bureau, and Duan Yong, Director of the Department of Museums and Social Cultural Relics met with Mr. Fran? ois-Henri Pi Nuo, Chairman and CEO of French PPR Group. On behalf of Pino's family, Mr. Pi Nuo said that he would donate the bronze mouse heads and rabbit heads of Yuanmingyuan, which were lost overseas, to China. On June 28th, 20 13, after a hundred years of wandering, the mouse head and rabbit head of Yuanmingyuan were donated to the museum by the Pino family in France, and the animal head returned for the first time in the form of free donation.
Second, the Tang Dynasty Zodiac pottery figurines
Collection of China Museum
1955 Unearthed in Hansenzhai, Xi City, Shaanxi Province, it is a pottery figurine of the Tang Dynasty, with a height of 36.5 cm to 42.5 cm and a head of a man and a beast.
Three, celadon rats, cows, monkey figurines
Collection of China Museum
1955 The height of mouse figurines unearthed in Guizishan, Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province is 15.3 cm, and the height of cattle figurines and monkey figurines is 16.5 cm. These are three figurines of the China Zodiac, all human and animal heads, dressed in costumes and sitting with water. They are vivid, green and yellow glazed, exquisite and of high artistic value. For a long time, people think that the theory of Twelve Xiaoxiang originated from Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In fact, there are already records of the zodiac in Qin bamboo slips. The appearance of the zodiac in the form of figurines began in the Sui Dynasty.
Fourth, the Tang Dynasty Zodiac pottery figurines
Collection of Shaanxi Provincial Museum of History
This set of Zodiac figurines was unearthed in the second phase expansion project of Xi Xianyang International Airport in 2009. This is a mud red pottery zodiac statue of the Tang Dynasty. This tomb is the joint burial tomb of Sun and his wife Gao, and is often selected by Tang Bing Department. There are 12 figurines, about 25 cm high.
Cui Wentang's new painting in Ming Dynasty is like five mice making trouble in Tokyo.
Folk collection
The book "Five Rats in Tokyo" carved by Lin Tang can be regarded as carved by Jianyang Bookstore during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It is extremely rare to be circulated. Sun Dianqi's Catalogue of Popular Novels in China and Catalogue of Rare Books in China are not recorded. It is an orphan in the sea. This book has 82 illustrations. Unfortunately, the second volume didn't reach the end.
Six, the Western Zhou Dynasty jade mouse
Collection of Guoguo Museum in Sanmenxia City
This cultural relic belongs to the Western Zhou Dynasty, with a length of 2.6 cm, a width of 0.9 cm and a height of 1.2 cm. Jed. Beans are blue and most of them are yellow-brown. Jade is rough and slightly transparent. Round carving. Recumbent, arched back, curved claws touching the ground, slightly convex and round eyes, head, feet and tail cut, decorated with cirrus veins. There is an oblique perforation between the two claws.
Seven, the Tang Dynasty woodcut "Rat God Map"
Collection of British Museum
On the long and narrow wooden board, there is an ancient painting of the Tang Dynasty, which is the famous "Rat God Map" in the future. There is a bust of a rat's head in the picture, wearing a crown and an oval halo on his back, sitting between two waiters and looking serene. Because this picture of the mouse god was unearthed in a temple site in Uhrik, Dandan, it can be confirmed that the worship of the mouse god did exist in the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty. This cultural relic proves that Xuanzang's records about "Rat Country" and "Rat King" in "Records of the Western Regions of Datang" are accurate. The prototype of mousetrap in Journey to the West was defined from then on.
Eight, Ming Xuanzong (Zhu Zhanji) three mouse figure axis.
The Picture of Li Mouse by Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty
Ming Xuanzong's "Three Rats Map" vividly depicts the process of rats eating litchi. Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, was the first artist in the world to discover the mouse as a beautiful artistic image. Because there are many kinds of seeds in mice, bitter gourd and other fruits, it also means good luck to regard them as plants and animals with the strongest reproductive ability. Zhu Zhanji, who had been looking forward to having children for many years, finally got one of his sons, Zhu Qiyu, later Ming Yingzong. Zhu Zhanji painted this picture to record the happiest year after his birth.
Zhu Zhanji's bitter gourd and rat map of Xuanzong in Ming Dynasty is in the Palace Museum.
The Picture of Li Mouse by Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty
Nine, the "Rat Map" at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty
Rat Map at the End of Song Dynasty and the Beginning of Yuan Dynasty
Qian Xuan was a painter with comprehensive techniques in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. Most of his paintings are exquisite in brushwork, but simple and naive. His mouse picture is the earliest mouse picture we can see at present. The mouse in the picture is stealing fruits and vegetables. Each mouse has different shapes, delicate strokes and cunning images.
Ten, badashan people (Zhu Da) "melon and mouse map".
Japanese Quangong Bo Gu Collection
The picture of melon and mouse drawn by Badashan people shows a little mouse sitting on a huge fat wax gourd with bright eyes. Eight wonderful pens are shining, and mice and wax gourd are funny and lovely. The painter stained the mouse's body and long tail with ink stains, and then drew the lower abdomen, left ear and nose tip with short strokes. Although it is a sketch, it still shows the extraordinary talent of the painter.
In ancient times, although the mouse was the first of the 12 zodiac animals, its image was not very good. If you think about related words, you will know the image and position of mice in people's minds, such as "nearsighted mice", "timid mice", "everyone crossing the street yelling" and "rat generation", which are mostly derogatory terms, so people rarely use the image of mice in their daily lives. Rats only appear more in cultural relics related to the zodiac.
Our ancient culture always likes to give something cultural significance. As long as you read slowly, you will have endless fun. Thanks for reading!
The above is about what mascot to bring in the Year of the Rat and the sharing of Yuanmingyuan. I saw 1996 what the rat girl wore. I hope this will help everyone!