Florentine painting school: an important painting school formed in Florence, the economic and cultural center of Italy during the Renaissance. This school, led by humanism in the rising period of the bourgeoisie, explored the laws of human body modeling with scientific methods, absorbed the carving techniques of ancient Greece and Rome and applied them to painting, turning the medieval plane decoration style into a painting with concentrated perspective, light and dark effects and three-dimensional expression. In the main theme of religious mythology, the abstract gods are painted into secularized ideal figures that meet the requirements of the emerging bourgeoisie, and a new style of figure painting is successfully created. In addition to oil paintings, large murals were also created at that time, mainly serving the court, the church and the upper bourgeoisie, thus changing the face of medieval European painting. The early representative painters were Giotto, Ma Saqiao and Necilo. In its heyday, it was represented by Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael. It was the most prosperous in 15 and 16 centuries. /kloc-At the end of 0/6th century, due to Florence's political independence and economic decline, painters blindly worshipped their predecessors and gradually moved towards stylism.
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Question 2: What genre does Mona Lisa belong to? Mona Lisa's style is: Florence School.
Author: Leonardo? Da? Finch.
The characteristics are: Florentine painting school is full of talented people, and their creations also show their magical powers. But as far as artistic tendency and creative characteristics are concerned, there are roughly three main lines.
Question 3: What kind of art is Mona Lisa? Is Mona Lisa a Renaissance painter Leonardo? Da? Finch painted Lisa? Portrait of giocondo. In terms of artistic expression, it is classical painting. The picture emphasizes rationality, the perfection of form and the clarity and neatness of lines.
Question 4: Which country is the Mona Lisa from? The best answer-1year ago was elected by voters.
From 65438 to 0499, Milan fell into the hands of the French, and Leonardo returned to Florence for a long time. Florence at this time is very different from when he left, medici family has been exiled, and Florence has temporarily restored the * * * and system. In Florence, Leonardo da Vinci painted a portrait of the Mona Lisa. This portrait is a household name, but just like the seven wonders of the world, no one can understand the magical secrets that fascinate us.
Standing in front of the original work of the Louvre in Paris, if we compare it with the characters written by Giotto, Ma Saqiao, Botticelli and Mantania, we will feel that Leonardo was the first person who really painted the real sensuality and skin tremor of the characters. Mona Lisa is so lifelike, her gentle eyes look at us mysteriously, and her beauty deeply attracts us and makes us unforgettable. Her expression always seems to change with our mood. "Are you sad? This smile has become sentimental, and I am sad with you. Are you happy? Her quarrel seems to be affecting, her smile is expanding, and the world in front of her seems to be as bright and happy as you. " (Fu) This ethereal and unpredictable state is the secret of her "mysterious smile". This smile is an echo of some emotion and an eternal symbolic expression.
Leonardo knew what means could be used to create this real and mysterious effect beyond our expectation. Since Giotto, artists have tried to make their characters close to reality step by step. They describe the characters one by one. Although their works are touching, the images in the paintings look like sculptures rather than real people. It is hard for us to imagine that they are breathing and moving people. Leonardo's characters are really flesh and blood. The characters in The Last Supper are expressing their thoughts and showing vivid expressions, as if they live among us, or we can join them and participate in that exciting moment.
Although the Mona Lisa is mysterious, this mystery attracts our hearts. Here, Leonardo discovered a painting method, that is, using vague outlines and soft colors to blend one shape into another, leaving us room for imagination. Leonardo warned the painter in his famous "On Painting": "Have you ever observed the faces of men and women in the gloomy dusk? How soft they look in the dim light without the sun! At this time, you go home and write them down while keeping this impression. " This fade-in method can truly show the sensuality and skin tremor. Before Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli and other painters also painted unforgettable images of women. In order to overcome the stiff feeling of the characters, the latter also tried to highlight their curly hair and fluttering clothes to contrast the anger of the characters. Comparing the facial contours of Mona Lisa and Botticelli's The Head of Venus, it is not difficult to see that the former is floating and bathed in foggy flowing air, showing a kind of volume, while the latter is outlined with clear lines. Although the shape is also shaped by simple light and shade, the shape does not turn, but is hindered by the strokes that represent the outline.
The key to depicting a vivid facial expression lies in the corners of the mouth and eyes. When painting the Mona Lisa, the painter consciously blurred them and gradually merged them into the soft shadow. The mysterious smile of the character is completely hidden in the secluded seam, and the wrinkles provoked by the lips spread to the cheeks. The ups and downs of the face are completely distributed around the fluctuation of this smile and finally converge to the eyes. These eyes are dull because the painter has no pupils. The painter works hard at the corner of his eye to make the upturned corner of his eye, like his lips, become a sign of a smile. The Mona Lisa's expression always puzzles us. This is the secret. All the lines and scrolls on her face seem to have the echo and echo of this smile.
When painting Mona Lisa, the painter perfectly combines his careful observation of nature with artistic means. Without one of them, it is impossible to create this great work Appreciate how he painted his hair hanging from his face and slightly curled, how to shape white and beautiful hands, and how to depict sleeves with fine wrinkles. We can see how hard Leonardo worked in observing nature. He surpassed any of his predecessors. If you didn't go to the Louvre to see the Mona Lisa, now you are lucky to enjoy one of his original paintings at the Italian Renaissance Art Exhibition and feel the wonderful quality of its art from a distance.
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Question 5: What genre does Mona Lisa belong to? Romantic genre.
Question 6: Who is the Mona Lisa? Who is the person in the Mona Lisa painting? Today, there is no exact research. Art historians have discussed many possibilities. Many people believe that the lady in the painting is the wife of a rich silk merchant and a VIP in Florence. This theory comes from a sentence of Leonardo da Vinci in his later years. He mentioned the photo of "giuliano the Giant"? Portrait of Florence Lady appointed by Medici. Leonardo da Vinci's first biographer said the Mona Lisa was real. She's from San Francisco? Dale. Francesco del Giocondo's wife. Giocondo does exist. He is a wealthy businessman in Florence, and he is also very influential in local politics. About his wife Lisa? Gradini (born in 1479 and married in Giocondo in 1495) is almost unknown to us today. In fact, there is no historical record that she was the lover of Medici, or that Da Vinci really meant her. Leonardo da Vinci later said something that caused some confusion. In this sentence, he mentioned the Mona Lisa and a Francisco? Dale. Portrait of giocondo. So someone put forward a controversial theory that Mona Lisa is a man. There is also a saying that the Mona Lisa is actually the Grand Duchess of Milan. Leonardo da Vinci was this lady's court painter 1 1 year. The dark green clothes in the painting show that she is a lady in this grand duke family. The similarities between Mona Lisa and other portraits of the Grand Duchess are obvious. Experts from the University of Heidelberg in Germany have confirmed that the smiling woman in Leonardo da Vinci's painting Mona Lisa is indeed Lisa, the wife of Florentine businessman Giocondo. Lisa gherardini. They found that Leonardo da Vinci's friend Agostino Vespucci wrote on the edge of a book in June 1503 that Leonardo da Vinci was painting three paintings, one of which was a portrait painted by Ghelardini. So far, who is the person in Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is still a mystery.
Question 7: What influence did the Renaissance have on Mona Lisa's creative style (urgent, specific)? The Renaissance took place in Europe from14 to17 century. It was a bourgeois ideological emancipation movement initiated by the emerging bourgeoisie in Europe in the name of reviving the classical culture of Greece and Rome. Its essence is the struggle of the emerging bourgeoisie against feudalism and medieval theological world outlook in the ideological field. Humanism is the anti-feudal social trend of thought of the emerging bourgeoisie in the European Renaissance and the guiding ideology of the Renaissance. Its core is bourgeois theory of human nature and humanism. They are powerful ideological weapons against the church, breaking through the bondage of God-centered in the Middle Ages, paying attention to people's value and real life, demanding people to be liberated from religious bondage, and showing the spirit of the times. Humanism praises people and belittles God; Attach importance to real life and despise the afterlife and heaven; Emphasize the importance of human beings and oppose the infinite power of God; Attaching importance to individual expression and opposing church repression … all these laid the ideological foundation for the birth of masterpieces. Italy is the birthplace of the Renaissance. The commercial trade in Italian cities was developed, and capitalism sprouted earlier, which prepared economic conditions for the Renaissance. The emerging bourgeoisie demands to safeguard its own political and economic rights and get rid of old ideas, which is conducive to the development of capitalism, dissatisfied with the church and provided political factors for the Renaissance. Italy has preserved more classical Greek and Roman cultures, paving the way for the Renaissance. A large number of scholars fled to Italy and brought with them a large number of ancient books. The spread of papermaking and printing in China created favorable external conditions for the Italian Renaissance. Da? Finch was a representative painter in the heyday of the Italian Renaissance. Therefore, his works bear the imprint of the times. Mona Lisa depicts real people, not religious legends; It reveals the awakening of human nature, rather than calling for the power of the gods; The background is a realistic landscape, not an empty paradise; The brushwork is a warm and soft secular aura, not a fantastic and ethereal religious color ... Look at the owner in the painting, what a gentle and lovely, noble and elegant realistic figure! Mona Lisa is realistic, because it clearly expresses the demands, happiness, melancholy and thinking of "people" ... It is also idealistic, because after Mona Lisa's mysterious smile, it is entrusted with the vague expectations of the emerging bourgeoisie to resist feudal forces and defeat feudalism. Under the conditions at that time, the Renaissance was revolutionary, but in the course of history, it was incomplete. So at the turn of the old and the new, the Mona Lisa has a sense of enlightenment: it has both the solemn composition and elegant tone of ancient Greece and Rome, the vitality of the new period, the questioning of the meaning of "citizens" and the yearning for a new society. In fact, this famous painting is dubbed "the end of the old world and the opening of the new world."
Question 8: Where does the Mona Lisa come from? The Italian Mona Lisa was born in Naples on 1479. Her father was a rich aristocrat, but he went bankrupt during the French invasion in 1495. When leonardo da vinci painted her, she was already the third wife of Francesco Zogondo, a Florentine banker and tanner. Mona Lisa is a vivid image full of youthful vitality. Leonardo da Vinci used his Mona Lisa to show people's new mental outlook in that era, revealing people's yearning, optimism and self-confidence for a new life. At the same time, he also expressed warm praise for the people who got rid of the bondage of God and their beauty. Mona Lisa's smile endowed the figure with infinite artistic conception. Both its own harmonious poetry and its profound and extensive sociological and historical implications have reached an unparalleled height. From this perspective, Mona Lisa's smile is also a swan song. In Mona Lisa's body, rational principle and lofty poetry, lofty spirit and vivid body, emotion and reason, science and art are harmoniously and perfectly unified. This is the complete image of Renaissance people. It is an outstanding example of man's all-round development in the course of human history. Mona Lisa shows the great ideological meaning of the times and amazing artistic attainments, so people have been full of enthusiasm for its eternal charm for centuries. After painting this painting, leonardo da vinci always took it with him as a treasure. It was not until his death that he was collected by King Francis I of France. Now this painting is treasured in the Louvre Museum in Paris.
Question 9: Which art school does the bearded Mona Lisa belong to? These are two courses, not one or two sentences. Art history is divided into Chinese and foreign art history. Each one has a detailed explanation according to the development time and regional genre. There are dozens of art schools. One of them is Mona Lisa with a beard, which is a very good book about art schools.
Question 10: Which country is the painting Mona Lisa (about 1503- 1506) (wooden oil painting 77 x 53 cm)? Mona Lisa's magical and focused eyes, her soft and reddish cheeks, her lips touched by her heart, and her subtle and ambiguous smile are always puzzling ... but it is not difficult to see. According to historical records, Mona Lisa was the wife of Giocondo, a famous Florence banker at that time. Da? In order to arouse her heartfelt feelings, Finch once invited a pianist to play for her and a clown to perform for her. However, this well-informed, indifferent and rational woman didn't let the painter get what he wanted to capture, so the painter had to postpone the painting intermittently for three years. One day, when the rich man was looking through the painter's sketch, he suddenly found a picture of a duck's foot on it, and she was puzzled. The painter said that he painted this for the research and design of aircraft, because of water flow and airflow; Water buoyancy and atmospheric buoyancy; There are some similarities between ducks gliding in the water and birds flying in the air. Duck's paw skiing is simple, but it hides some secrets of plane flight. When this indifferent and rational woman heard these words, she thought that once the plane was successfully designed, human beings could fly freely in the air ... It suddenly caused a great shock and showed a heartfelt smile. This rare heartfelt smile was immediately achieved? Finch caught it and successfully shaped it. An artist can preserve the human soul he depicts in some way while preserving the appearance. The mystery of the picture has aroused people's imagination and attracted experts to study the reasons for this mystery. "Fading in" is a painting method of Leonardo da Vinci. Knowing this painting method seems to uncover the first veil for the mystery of the picture. This vague outline and soft colors make one shape blend into another, which always leaves us room for imagination. Students who have painted should know that when we describe facial expressions, we focus on the corners of the mouth and the corners of the eyes, but in this painting, it is precisely these places that are consciously blurred, so that they gradually blend into the soft shadows. In addition, there are many means used in the picture, such as left-right asymmetry. In the dreamy landscape background, the left horizon is much lower than the right horizon. When we look at the left side of the picture, the lady looks taller or taller than when we look at the right side of the picture, and her face will change with this position. This unforgettable smile written by leonardo da vinci is not a concrete expression of Madame Zogondo, but an abstract, universal and typical smile, which is owned by Mona Lisa, leonardo da vinci and a subtle thing of human nature that we all share. Perhaps this is the great charm of Mona Lisa. Obviously, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa inherited the solemnity, elegance, balance, stability, idealism and rationality of Greek classicism. However, it further broke through the limitations of Greek classical art in humanistic characteristics, and set an example for the later art to further move towards true, objective, deeper, more internal and more subtle performance.