Author Zhuang Zhou? pre-Qin period
There is a kind of fish named Kun in the north. Kun is so big, I don't know its thousands of miles; Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back is thousands of miles away; Fly away angrily, its wings hang in the sky like clouds. If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming. South ghost, Tianchi also. "Qi Xie", ambition is strange. The text of "Hehe" says: "Peng moved to Nanming, and the water hit three thousand miles. It was Jiu Wan Li who climbed up and went to rest in June. " Wild horses, dust and creatures are blowing with interest.
The sky is gray, and its positive color is evil? Far away and everything is extremely evil? It looks down. If it is, it's gone. And the product of husband's water is not thick, then the negative boat is weak. Cover the depression with a glass of water, and the mustard will sail. If you put a cup on it, it will be glue. The water is shallow and the boat is big. The wind is not thick, and its negative wing is weak.
Therefore, nine Wan Li, the wind is next, it is the wind of today; Those who carry the blue sky but don't die, then they will go to the south today. Kun and Xue Dui laughed and said, "I decided to fly to grab the elm tree, but when it didn't arrive, I took control of the ground. What do you think of Wan Li and the South? " Suitable for ignorant people, there will be three meals, and the stomach will still be as expected; The fittest keeps food for a hundred miles; The fittest travels a thousand miles, and food gathers in March. What do you know about the second worm?
Little knowledge is not as good as great knowledge, and small years are not as good as big years. What if I know? I don't know the future, I don't know the spring and autumn. There are ghosts in southern Chu, five hundred years old is spring, and five hundred years old is autumn; In ancient times, there was a big tree, eight thousand years old was spring, and eight thousand years old was autumn, which was also a big year. Peng Zu has a long-standing reputation, and everyone is a horse. Not sad at all! The problem of soup is also a thorn.
In the north of poverty, there is a ghost sea and Tianchi. There is a kind of fish, which is thousands of miles wide. He who doesn't know his accomplishment is called Kun. There is a bird, named Peng, whose back is like Mount Tai, whose wings are like clouds hanging down to the sky, and whose angle is up to nine Wan Li, who is completely out of the clouds, and then turns south, becoming a ghost in the south. He laughed at me and said, "What about the stone?" ? I jumped to my feet, but after counting down, I flew among Artemisia, which is also flying. And he's comfortable? "This little debate also.
Therefore, the husband knows the official effect, the action is better than the township, the morality is combined with the monarch, and the country-requisitioner regards himself. However, Song still laughed: The reputation of the world is not persuaded, and the world is not in love. It is long gone to rely on the internal and external points to fight for the realm of honor and disgrace. There are countless others in the world. Although, there are still trees. Fu Liezi rode against the wind, Ling Ran was good, ten days and five days, and then reversed.
The blessed don't count. Although this is off-line, there are still things to do. Why is it evil for a husband to benefit from the righteousness of heaven and earth and resist the debate of six qi, and to swim endlessly? Therefore, to a person who doesn't have himself, the God-man is useless and the sage is nameless.
Translation:
There is a big fish in the sea in the north. Its name is Kun. Kun is huge, thousands of miles long; Change into a bird and name it Peng. Peng Bei is thousands of miles long; When it vibrates its wings and flies directly, its wings are like clouds hanging on the horizon. This bird will migrate to the South China Sea when the wind blows the sea.
The sea to the south is Tianchi Lake. Qi Xie is a book devoted to recording strange things. It is recorded in this book: "When the Peng bird migrates, its wings beat the water surface, causing waves of 3,000 miles. Pengniao got up and flew, spun up and went straight to Wan Li, and left Beihai in June. "
Swimming around like a wild horse, the flying dust seems to be blown away by the breath of living things. The blue sky we see, is that its true color? Is it boundless? Peng bird can see, probably like this. If the water is not deep, it has no power to float a big ship.
Pour a glass of water in the low-lying area of the court, you can use mustard grass as a boat, but putting a cup as a boat will stick, because the water is too shallow and the boat is too big. If the wind is not strong enough, it can't bear its huge wings. Therefore, Pengniao flies to the high altitude of Wan Li, and the wind is below it, so it can fly with the wind and carry the blue sky without any obstacles, so it can fly to the south.
Cicada and little grey finch are very strange about this. It said, "I suddenly took off and tried to reach the branches of elm and sandalwood." Sometimes if you can't fly, you just land on the ground. Why should I fly south at high altitude in Wan Li? " People who go to the suburbs can return before dinner. They are not hungry, and they don't need dry food. Go a hundred miles away and prepare dry food for the next day at night; It takes three months to prepare food to go thousands of miles away.
Of course, these two little things, cicadas and sparrows, don't understand these truths. Small wisdom is not as good as great wisdom, and people with short life can't understand longevity. Why do you say that? Auricularia auricula doesn't know that there is a beginning and an end of the month, cicada doesn't know that there is a spring and autumn, and it is short. In the south of Chu State, there is a big tree called Ghosts and Ghosts. Five hundred years is spring and five hundred years is autumn. In ancient times, there was a tree called Toona sinensis, which lived for 8,000 years as spring and 8,000 years as autumn. This is longevity.
Peng Zu, who is 800 years old, is said to be the birthday girl. Wouldn't it be sad if people lived longer than him? Shang Tang and spine also had a previous conversation. In the barren north, there is a deep sea, that is Tianchi. There is a kind of fish thousands of miles wide. No one knows how long it is. Its name is Kun.
There is a kind of bird called Peng. Its back is like a mountain, and its spreading wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. Take a whirlwind to Wan Li, cross the clouds, form a blue sky, and then fly south to the South China Sea.
The sparrow in Ozawa sneered and said to Peng, "Where is it going?" I struggled to take off, but I fell a few feet and circled among Artemisia, which was the limit of my flight. Where is it going? " This is the difference between big and small.
Similarly, those who are intellectually competent for an official position, outstanding in a township, whose virtue can win the favor of a king and whose ability can win the trust of the whole country actually look ignorant, so Song laughs at them. Song is the kind of person who is praised by people all over the world and will not inspire him. Everyone in the world slandered him, so he didn't feel depressed. He clearly knows what to do and what not to do, and distinguishes between honor and disgrace. That's all.
He has nothing to pursue in this world. Even so, he didn't reach that level. Liezi was able to walk in fashion, lightness and beauty, and returned to the ground after fifteen days. He didn't pursue luck desperately.
But although he can avoid walking fatigue, he still depends on it. If people can conform to the nature of nature, grasp the "six qi", that is, Yin and Yang, wind, rain, Yin and Ming, and roam in the endless realm, what else can he rely on? Therefore, the person with the highest moral cultivation can conform to the objective and forget myself. People who reach the realm of deification have no intention of seeking merit, and saints with moral knowledge have no intention of seeking fame.
Content tasting:
Xiaoyao Tour is the representative work of Zhuang Zhou, a philosopher and writer in the Warring States Period. It is the first Taoist classic Zhuangzi, and it can be regarded as the representative work of Zhuangzi both ideologically and artistically.
The theme of this article is to pursue an absolutely free outlook on life. The author believes that only by forgetting the boundary between things and me, reaching the realm of no-self, inaction and namelessness, and swimming in infinity without any foundation, can we truly "roam freely".
Firstly, this paper expounds the difference between "small" and "big" by comparing Dapeng with small animals such as pheasants and pigeons. On this basis, the author points out that both Fu and Xue pigeons who are not good at Yu Feixiang, Dapeng who can fly high in Wan Li by the wind, and Liezi who can go against the wind are "waiting for something" and are not free, which leads to and expounds the truth that "there is no one but himself, and the gods are useless and the saints are nameless".
Finally, through the argument between Keiko and Zhuangzi about "usefulness" and "uselessness", it is shown that only by not being used by the world can we be "carefree". The full text is rich in imagination, novel in conception, magnificent and grotesque, with Wang Yang's wanton and romantic spirit between the lines.