Scientific name: Pinus
Pinus of Pinaceae.
Category: Forest-Conifer
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Evergreen tree Most of them are tall trees. It is 20 ~ 50 meters high and can reach 75 meters at the highest (P.lambertiana, American sugar pine). A few are shrub-like, such as Kobresia humilis and Kobresia yunnanensis.
Var.py□maea). When young trees are young, the crown is pyramid-shaped and the branches are mostly wheel-shaped. When the seedlings are unearthed and the cotyledons are unfolded, the primary leaves appear first, which are solitary, spirally arranged, linear and lanceolate, and the leaf margin is toothed. It takes 1 ~ 3 years for primary leaves to function as leaves, and then there are needles, usually 2, 3 or 5 bundles, which are inserted at the top of short branches. Each bundle of needles has a leaf sheath at the base, which falls off or exists early. The position of resin channel in mesophyll tissue is relatively constant in adult plants, which can be divided into exogenous, mesophyll and endogenous.
Three types. There are 1 or 2 vascular bundles in the cross section of pine needles, and the vascular bundles can be combined in the double vascular bundle pine under special circumstances. These cones are monoecious and monoecious. Cones are composed of many kinds of scales, which are lignified after maturity. The exposed and thickened part of the seed scale is called the scale shield, and the tumor-like process at the top of the scale shield is called the scale navel. Some tree species have thorns on their scales and umbilicus, while others don't. When the cone is mature, the seed scales open and the seeds fall off; But the scales of some trees remain closed for a long time. Each seed scale has 2 seeds, the upper part has long wings, and a few have short wings or no wings. A general term for conifers, gymnosperms, conifers. Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves small, scaly or spiny, opposite or 3-4 whorls on branches. Sometimes a tree has both scaly leaves and prickly leaves, which are called heteromorphic leaves. Cones are unisexual, monoecious or dioecious, solitary at the top of branches or axils. Male cones have 3 ~ 8 pairs of cross-opposite stamens, each stamen has 2 ~ 6 anthers, and the pollen has no air sac; The female flower has 3 ~ 16 cross-opposite or 3 ~ 4 whorls of pearl scales, and the ventral surface of each pearl scale has more than 1 vertical ovule, and the pearl scale and bract scale are completely flush. Cones are spherical, mature, cracked or fleshy, forming a berry shape with 1 to multiple seeds; Seeds with narrow wings or no wings around them. 22 genera, about 150 species, distributed in the northern and southern hemispheres. There are 8 genera and 29 species in China, which are widely distributed all over the country. Wood has resin cells, no resin channels, straight or oblique texture, fine structure, good material, toughness and durability, and fragrance, and can be used as materials for buildings, bridges, ships, appliances, stationery, furniture, etc. Aromatic oil can be extracted from leaves, and tannin extract can be extracted from bark. Most tree species play an important role in afforestation, sand fixation and soil and water conservation. Undergraduate courses are usually divided into three sub-departments. Platycladinae: the seed scales of cones are woody, which are mature and cracked in the same year, and the seed scales are not shield-shaped, mainly including Platycladus orientalis, Cupressus orientalis, Lohan and Sabina vulgaris; Cypress: In the second year, the cones mature and crack, and the seed scales are woody and shield-shaped, mainly including cypress, cypress and Fokienia hodginsii; Sabina vulgaris: The ball pulp is spherical and mature, only Sabina vulgaris and Sabina vulgaris. Cedar, cypress, pine and cypress, giant cypress, Fokienia hodginsii, Thuja koraiensis and Cupressus thunbergii are listed as the first rare and endangered protected plants in China. Abies is an evergreen tree of Pinaceae, which grows in the mountain cold zone with an altitude of 2500-4000 meters. The height can reach 30 meters, DBH 3 meters, the end of the trunk is straight and the tree shape is neat. There are many kinds of Chinese fir, which can be roughly divided into three categories: one is shiny yellow-green Metasequoia, also known as Chinese fir and hemlock; The other is gray fir with blue-green leaves and dull leaves, also known as brown fir, mountain fir and soaking fir; There is also a kind of Chinese fir with thin and soft leaves and drooping branches, which is also called soft-leaved fir. Known as "all-round wood"
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1. The new buds and leaves are yellow-green, shiny Metasequoia, also known as Chinese fir and hemlock.
2. Grey fir with blue-green leaves and dull leaves, also known as fur fir, Mangshan fir and Baoshan fir.
3. Chinese fir with thin and soft leaves and drooping branches is also called Chinese fir.
Edit this paragraph of cedar
Also known as: Cryptomeria longifolia, Peacock Pine, Musha Tree and Peacock Pine.
Morphological characteristics: Trees, 40 meters high, DBH more than 2 meters, conical crown, reddish-brown bark, fibrous split into strips and sheets, big branches extending obliquely or horizontally, branchlets often drooping and green. The leaf length is 1.0- 1.5cm, and the leaves of young trees and budding branches are 2.4cm long, subulate, slightly bent inward, with curved apex and stomatal lines on all sides. The male flowers are yellow, and the male flowers are light green. The cone is dark brown at maturity, with a diameter of 1.5-2.0cm, about 20 seed scales, and the teeth at the top of bract scale and seed scale are short; Each scale has 2 seeds, which bloom in April and bear fruit 10- 1 1.
Distribution: It is located at Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, 3800 Kan in Nanping, Fujian, and below 1 100 meters above sea level in Lushan, Jiangxi. It is cultivated in Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi and Zhengzhou, Henan, and grows well.
Habits: Medium-sized sunny trees, slightly shade-tolerant, slightly cold-tolerant, slightly cold-tolerant in Zhengzhou, Henan and Taiyin, Shandong, and can grow in Zhengzhou, Henan and Taian, Shandong. It can grow in areas where the annual average temperature 14℃- 19℃ and the monthly average temperature of 65438+ 10 is above 0℃. I like high humidity air, but I'm afraid of summer heat or drought. It grows well where the precipitation reaches 1000 mm ... I like to grow on deep and fertile sandy loam, but it grows poorly in the sunny clay land in the west. Like a good drainage system, roots rot easily in stagnant water. Branches are flexible and can resist snow pressure and ice hanging. Cryptomeria fortunei is a rooting tree species, especially before youth, the root group is concentrated in the topsoil within 30cm, and the root system is deeper after maturity. Generally speaking, the extension length of its horizontal roots is more than ten times greater than its concentration in soil. Because the root system is not deep, the ability to resist wind and waves is not strong. The growth rate is moderate, and the average annual height is 50- 100cm. Generally, after the age of 30, the growth of tree height is very small, but the diameter growth can last for hundreds of years, so it often grows into a thick tree. Generally speaking, a 50-year-old person's height in DBH is about 18m, 35cm, and his life span is very long. It is a common ancient tree in Shan Ye, south of the Yangtze River, with a height of 30m and a DBH 1. 53m, crown width 12m.
Garden use: Cryptomeria fortunei is round and tall, with thick and majestic trunk, which is most suitable for single planting, opposite planting, and also suitable for cluster planting or group planting. In Jiangnan customs, it has been used as a tomb tree since ancient times and should also be planted as a scenic forest.
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Coniferous plants are the general name of conifers in plant taxonomy and belong to gymnosperms. Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taiwania flousiana and Abies formosana belong to four different genera of Pinaceae and Taxodiaceae respectively.
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Metasequoia glyptostroboides, deciduous trees, a single genus of Taxodiaceae, is a unique and precious tree species in China. Metasequoia glyptostroboides can reach 35 meters high and 2.5 meters in DBH. Its leaves are flat, with a length of 13-20mm, and cross to form two rows, which are pinnate. The cones are drooping, quadrangular, spherical or cylindrical, with opposite scales and wood, generally 22 ~ 28. Metasequoia glyptostroboides is mainly distributed at the junction of Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan provinces, and was first discovered in Modaoxi, Wanxian County, Sichuan Province. Because these plants were widely distributed in the northern hemisphere in Mesozoic Cretaceous and Cenozoic, all the other species were extinct after the Quaternary Glaciation, so the discovery of Metasequoia, a "living fossil", is considered as one of the major discoveries in the contemporary plant world. It has been widely cultivated and is a common garden tree species at home and abroad.
Edit this piece of silver fir
Cryptomeria fortunei, evergreen tree, Pinaceae, Tertiary relict species. Taxodium ascendens is 20 meters high and its leaves are strip-shaped; The leaves on the long branches are 4-5 cm long, and the leaves on the short branches are less than 2.5 cm. The cones are oval or oblong with 13- 16 seed scales. Cryptomeria fortunei is distributed intermittently in the Taiping Mountain area of Yuechengling and the eastern part of Dalou Mountain, with more than 30 distribution points, of which only 1/3 has 1-2 plants. The suitable living place of Cryptomeria fortunei has been occupied by other tree species, and it is forced to live in narrow ridges, isolated hat-shaped peaks, cliffs and crevices in the middle subtropical zone at an altitude of 980- 1870 meters.
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Taiwania flousiana is an evergreen tree of Taiwania of Taxodiaceae. Taiwania flousiana can reach up to 75 meters, with quadrangular leaves, 2-5 mm long and closely arranged. The cone is cylindrical or rectangular with 2 1-39 seed scales. In the late 1930s, Gaussen, a French gymnosperm expert, published this paper for the first time based on specimens collected from Gongshan, China. Taiwania flousiana has been listed as a fast-growing afforestation tree because of its fast growth and excellent material.
Edit this fir baishanzu.
Abies baishanzu is an evergreen tree of Abies in Pinaceae. Abies baishanzu 1 1 m above sea level; The leaves are long, with a length of1.5-3.5cm; The cone is cylindrical and 7- 12 cm long. In the 1970s, it was first discovered by Wu, a senior engineer who had been engaged in scientific research in forestry for a long time. The discovery of this new fir fills the gap in the distribution of fir in eastern China, which is of great significance to the study of paleoclimate and Quaternary ice age. This new fir is listed as an endangered plant in the world, because only four species of plants are preserved in the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest on the south slope of baishanzu, qingyuan county, South Zhejiang at an altitude of 1700 meters, and it is difficult to blossom and bear fruit.
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Chinese fir is flat in texture, resistant to rot and insects, and widely used in buildings, bridges, telephone poles, shipbuilding, furniture and craft products. According to statistics, about14 of the building materials in China are Chinese fir. Chinese fir grows fast, and it usually takes only 10 years to become a timber. It is one of the most important special timber trees in southern China.