Source "Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang"
People who practice benevolent policies are invincible in the world.
Appreciate Mencius' opposition to the use of punishment to govern the country and think that benevolent governance is the best way to govern the country. People with kindness are invincible in the world. Advocating kindness can stabilize the family, and never let the blood flow into the river to hit the gavel of rice. For an individual, if he can cultivate benevolence, he can convince the whole world; For the country, pursuing benevolent governance can successfully govern both internally and externally. Mencius said that the way to govern the country is to ask the rulers to strive to implement benevolent policies, govern the country by virtue, and oppose punishment and killing.
The world can be transported in the palm of your hand.
Source "Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang"
Interpretation of respecting the elderly in one's own family, thus extending to respecting the elderly in other people's families; Only by taking good care of your own children can you promote the care of others' children. All political measures are based on this principle. Ruling the world is as easy as turning something in your hand.
Appreciate Mencius' point of view, a benevolent person can start from himself and start from small things. When a virtuous person is in power, he can spread his benevolence to the whole world. This is the implementation of benevolent policies, and it is very easy to formulate national policies and manage the world from the perspective of benevolence, morality and goodness that respect the elderly and love the young.
Those who are in your way are also in your way.
Source "Mencius Hui Liang Wang Xia"
Explain how you treat others, and others will treat you.
Appreciate this sentence in the dialogue between Mencius and Zou Mugong. At that time, there was a battle between Zou and Lu. Zou Mugong asked Mencius, "Thirty-three local officials died, but none of the people wanted to die for the chief. What do you want to kill for these hateful people? You can't kill them all It's hateful not to kill him and just stare at the death of the chief executive and not help him. What do you say? " Mencius replied: "In the famine years, some of you starved to death by the roadside beside the ditch, and thousands of young people fled, but your granaries and vaults were full." No local official has reported to you that the situation is favorable to the people in this severe famine situation. The behavior of these local officials is called neglecting the monarch and harming the people! Ceng Zi said, "As you treat others, others will treat you". People can't get government relief when they are in danger, and now they have a chance to retaliate. Therefore, as long as you are kind and love the people, the people will love their superiors and are willing to die for it. "
I am good at cultivating my noble spirit.
Source "Mencius Gongsun Chou"
I am good at cultivating my lofty spirit.
Appreciate Mencius as a broad-minded scholar. He traveled around the world for a long time, pursued his own ideas, implemented benevolent policies around the world, and asked the rulers to protect and care for the people, enjoy them and realize the unity of the world. One of Mencius' words is recorded in the ugliness of Gongsun: "Who can I stay if I want to rule the world?" If you want to make the world peaceful, who else in today's society but me? It is with this kind of mind that he can tirelessly carry out benevolent policies, and even if he is in a bad luck, he will not change his ambitions and ideals.
5. Outstanding.
Source "Mencius Gongsun Chou"
Buddhism (sage) comes from the same kind of people, but it is much higher than others.
Appreciate this is Mencius' lofty praise for Confucius. Mencius believed that Confucius was an outstanding figure among human beings. "Since his birth, there has never been anyone (greater) than Confucius". And said, "If you like, you can learn from Confucius."
6. Who else is there in today's world?
Source "Mencius Gongsun Chou"
Explain the world today (if you want to rule the world), who else can do it except me?
Appreciating this is Mencius' grand ambition and confident language. Both Confucius and Mencius have the state of mind of governing the world and worrying about Tao. Mencius made it clear many times that he was eager to participate in governing the world. He said, "In 500 years, there will be kings, and there will be celebrities among them." This is his unique view of history. He thinks that Zhou Wenwang and King Wu have been founded for more than 700 years, and there should be a holy king, who can be a "celebrity" or someone like Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong. So he said: at present, if God doesn't want peace in the world, forget it; If God wants to bring peace to the world, "in today's world, there is no one but me".
7. Or toil, or labor; Those who work hard govern others, and those who work hard govern others.
Source "Mencius Teng Wengong"
Interpretation (there is a division of labor in society,) Some people are engaged in mental labor, while others are engaged in manual labor; People engaged in mental work are
As managers, people who do manual labor are managed by others.
Appreciate this is Mencius' criticism of the peasant theory. Xu Xing, a representative figure of the peasant theory, advocates that "sages plow food and govern the country with food", that is, monarchs and superiors must plow with farmers before they can eat; Cook for yourself and manage state affairs at the same time.
Mencius opposed this view, exposed many absurdities of this view, and expounded its impossibility in fact, thus actively expounded the inevitability, necessity and rationality of social division of labor.
8. Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. This is called a gentleman.
Source "Mencius Teng Wengong"
In wealth, you must either confuse your nature, in poverty, you must change your ambition, and you will never grovel under the force of force, which is against morality. Only in this way can you be considered a gentleman.
Appreciating a man is a gentleman only if he insists on his pursuit, cultivation of benevolence, righteousness and morality, and does not change his ambition and goals under any circumstances. No matter rich or poor, you can't change your ideals and integrity. This is a real man.
9. If you don't obey the rules, you can't be Fiona Fang.
Source "Mencius Li Lou"
If you don't use compasses and rulers, you can't draw squares and circles correctly.
Appreciating everything has its own basic requirements and norms. If you violate these requirements and norms, you can't do things well. Only by following these rules can the work be successfully completed. A craftsman can't draw the figure he wants without using a round ruler. Therefore, we must emphasize the importance and necessity of system and discipline. This wise saying has now been translated into an idiom, that is, "If you don't obey the rules, you won't be Fiona Fang".
10. Give up on yourself and can't talk to you; Give up on yourself, and do nothing.
Source "Mencius Li Lou"
There is no need to talk to a man who practices by himself. People who give up on themselves can't do anything valuable with them.
Appreciating Mencius' view that people who criticize "propriety" and "righteousness" are the so-called self-destruction; Self-destruction means not adhering to the belief of "benevolence" and not following the norms of "righteousness" This formulation is different from today's "self-abandonment", but it is not divorced from the relationship with ideals, ambitions and interests.
1 1. The trouble with people is to be a good teacher.
Source "Mencius Li Lou"
Explain that the similarities and differences between people lie in their love to be teachers of others.
Appreciating a person should be introverted and modest. People who love benevolence and are interested in self-cultivation will never be complacent with a little achievement. And those short-sighted people, as long as there is a little gain, begin to be complacent and complacent. Mencius was very dissatisfied with such people and tried to satirize them. Truly virtuous people study hard, work tirelessly day and night, and are not ashamed to ask questions. They don't have a regular teacher. They are obedient and modest. Mencius revered people like them.
12. What happens if you say something bad?
Source "Mencius Li Lou"
Interpretation of love to speak ill of others, you should know what kind of bad results will be, right?
Appreciate this is the truth that Mencius warned people that evil should be left behind. As far as nature is concerned, if a person has bad behavior and doesn't like what others say behind his back, revenge is inevitable. Zhuangzi said: "If people do harm, people will do the opposite." That's the truth.
13. Friends are friends.
Source "Mencius Zhang Wan"
It is a good virtue to make friends with him.
Appreciate this is what Mencius said. He believes that the way to make friends is to make friends by virtue. Therefore, when making friends, don't consider each other's power, but consider each other's character. This is the real way to make friends. The ancients believed that friends were one of the five ethics and an important interpersonal relationship outside the family. Fair-weather friends are unreliable. Therefore, the ancients said that "supporting benevolence with friends" means that friends help their own benevolence. Therefore, it is not condescending to be a friend of the husband as the son of heaven, and it is not trespassing to be a friend of the husband.
14. One day of violence, ten days of cold.
Source "Mencius Gaozishang"
Interpretation (even if there is the easiest thing to grow in the world) will only be exposed for one day, but it will be frozen for ten days (it will not grow).
Appreciate Mencius' warning: No matter how you study in Germany, you should concentrate on what you started and finished, and you must never stop from time to time, or even stop at a job for ten times, that is, as the saying goes, fishing for three days and drying the net for two days. There is less time for study and work, and more time for play and leisure. If so, nothing will be achieved.
15. Fish is what I want; Bear's paw is what I want You can't have your cake and eat it. You can't have your cake and eat it.
Life is what I want; Righteousness is also what I want. You can't have both, and you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness.
Source "Mencius Gaozishang"
Interpretation of fish is what I want; Bear's paw is what I want, too If you can't have it both ways, then give up the fish and take the bear's paw. Life is what I want; Justice is what I want. If you can't get both at the same time, then sacrifice your life for justice.
Appreciating the benevolence and righteousness of a gentleman, only benevolence and morality can make him really tempted. Therefore, when endangering morality, a gentleman sacrifices his life for righteousness. Life is insignificant to morality, without benevolence, truth, goodness and beauty, and justice. Life is just a stinking skin, a walking corpse and meaningless. Therefore, how to choose between life and death, righteousness and benefit determines a person's character, so be careful.
16. Born in sorrow, died in happiness.
Source "Mencius Gao Zixia"
Born in sorrow and died in happiness.
Appreciation is a famous saying of Mencius. He believes that personally, many famous figures in history have experienced difficulties and hardships, and they have achieved great undertakings with indomitable will; As far as the country is concerned, if there are endless loyal and intelligent assistants at home, and there are no foreign enemies to worry about abroad, only knowing peace and not knowing the danger is coming, then the country will perish forever. It can be seen that if you have a strong sense of hardship and can work hard, you can survive and develop; However, if you are eager for comfort and enjoyment, you will decline without making progress. This is the law of historical evolution.
17. Educating talented people in the world are three great pleasures.
Source "All Heart Mencius"
Getting beautiful and talented young people in the world and educating them to become talents is the third greatest pleasure in life.
Appreciating the "three pleasures" mentioned by Mencius means that "parents are both perfect and brothers are unhappy; Yang is worthy of the sky, regardless of people, but also happy; It is three pleasures to be educated by talents in the world. These three kinds of fun are "the fun of being human": one is the fun of being a family member, the other is the fun of being a healthy person, and the other is the fun of being a teacher. Mencius believes that the joy of being a teacher is a deep happiness in life. In his view, these three kinds of life pleasures of a gentleman exceed the pleasure of being king and dominating the world.
18. If you are poor, you will be immune to it, and if you are rich, you will help the world.
Source "All Heart Mencius"
When you are in trouble and frustrated, you should practice alone to protect yourself. When the dignitaries are proud, the whole world will benefit.
Appreciate this is the traditional Confucian idea of self-cultivation. Historically, China's scholar-officials often encouraged themselves to start from themselves, strive for inner goodness, improve their personality, further promote benevolence and righteousness in the world, and benefit the world. This attitude towards life reflects the flashing personality of China traditional literati and leads the literati in the new era to pursue the perfection of personality.
19. It's better not to write a letter.
Source "All Heart Mencius"
If you completely believe in Shangshu, you might as well not have Shangshu.
Appreciate the "book" in this sentence has been widely circulated today, not specifically "Shangshu". We study to seek the true meaning and serve the real life. If you completely believe what the book says, let the book lead by the nose, become the slave of the book and become a "dead book". Therefore, reading should not only be able to read, but also be able to read outside, and theory should be integrated with practice.
20. Benevolence is also a human being, in a word, Tao is also.
Source "All Heart Mencius"
It is human nature to be kind. Combining a kind heart with people has become the way to be a man.
Here, I appreciate that Mencius regards benevolence as the fundamental attribute of human beings, that is to say, the difference between human beings and animals lies in the distinction between benevolence and inhumanity. He pointed out that "benevolence" is the essence of human beings. Therefore, "benevolence" exists for human beings. Without "benevolence", people are close to animals; On the other hand, benevolence and inhumanity cannot be implemented and embodied. Therefore, the combination of benevolence and people is the basic principle of being a man.
The purpose of Confucius and Mencius' theory is nothing more than self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. Personally, I want to be a person with lofty ideals; As far as governing the country is concerned, those who want benevolence are also virtuous. All this is based on "benevolence" and carries it forward. Benevolence is the core of Confucianism.