Theory of Five Emperors II: Warring States Policy. There are five people named Shen Nong, Huang Di, Yao Shun and Fu Yi. Zhuangzi, Huai Nan Zi Shu Zhen Xun and San also have this statement. The third of the Five Emperors: Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huang Di, Shao Hao and Zhuan Xu, which are contained in Chapter 12 of Lu Chunqiu. "Book of Rites. The Moon Order also said the same thing. Wang Fu's On the Hidden Husband brought the ancient emperors into the blood-yin system of the Five Emperors. The fourth theory of the Five Emperors: The ancient history system arranged in The Book of Songs is based on the twelve seasons and monthly orders. There is Shao Hao between the Yellow Emperor and Zhuan Xu, and Zheng Xuan added Shao Hao to the first theory of the Five Emperors, saying that the Five Emperors have six, all of which are in the constellation of the Five Emperors. However, since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Jiming's theory promoted the Yellow Emperor to be one of the Huang San, followed by Huangfu Mi's "The Century of the Emperor", and the following five emperors were Shao Hao. Namely Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Yao and Shun. The Five Emperors' Theory: The Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xu, Kun and Yao are the five emperors, and it seems to be the latest theory that "Biography as a Mirror" and "History of Taoism" quote portraits. However, Wu Liang only has more than 600 volumes of general history. According to Chen Li's White Tiger Certificate, the portrait tablet of Wuliang ancestral hall may be a mistake, but this statement still comes from * * *. On the whole, however, there is less controversy about "Five Emperors" than "Huang San", and one of the most important reasons is that there are biographies of five emperors in Historical Records written by Sima Qian, a great historian. However, since the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Zheng Jiming" and other theories promoted the Yellow Emperor to one of the Huang San, followed by Huangfu Mi's "The Emperor's Century", and the following five people in Shao Hao were five emperors. Therefore, The False Preface of Shangshu is named Huang San after Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi in front of the world classics, and Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku and Yaoshun are the five emperors behind. This theory will be adopted by history books in the future because of its respect for the status of Confucian classics. So this theory of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" was regarded as the history of ancient beliefs. In fact, the differences in the legends of Three Emperors and Five Emperors are the product of the multi-ethnic development in China, which reflects the progressive trend of ethnic integration in a tortuous way. Long before entering the civilized era, the Chinese nation, Miao nationality and many other brotherly nations called barbarians, barbarians, Rong and Di were formed on the vast land of the motherland. It is said that the Huaxia nationality is after Huang and Yan, which actually reflects that the Huaxia nationality is formed by the long-term development of two blood clans represented by Huang Di and He. The so-called emperor is just the title of military leader in the tribal alliance period of primitive society in China. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors are the ancestors of the Chinese nation, and the descendants of the Chinese people live in the same clan. This blood relationship, handed down from generation to generation, is endless and has strong national cohesion and appeal. Although "Huang San" and "Five Emperors" have different opinions, these materials are surprisingly consistent: First, Fuxi generally ranks first among the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" (except the Sui people before Fuxi in the weft book, Fuxi always ranks first), which shows the importance of Fuxi, and Fuxi is indeed regarded as the ancestor of mankind by the ancients. Secondly, although Huang San and Five Emperors have different opinions, the order is basically not chaotic. According to the merger of Tai Hao with Fuxi and Shennong (the reason for the merger should be to highlight the needs of Huangdi as the five heavenly emperors of the central government, that is, The Book of Rites, Lu Chunqiu and Huainanzi), Shao Hao was the emperor. * * * Workers and Zhu Rong will always be between Fuxi, Shennong and Yaoshun). Thirdly, Yao and Shun always ranked behind the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", followed by Yu and Qi, and entered the historical period with written records; Fuxi inherited Chao and Sui, and Yao and Shun inherited Yu and Qi. According to this, the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" in ancient legends are generally arranged in chronological order, which is completely consistent with the "Imperial Century" and "Preface to Shangshu" (in fact, all sorts do not violate the overall order). Although "Huang San" and "Five Emperors" have different opinions, this amazing ranking consistency shows that the ancients may be very strict on this issue, not just make do with three or five. The legendary age of "Huang San" (orthodox)-1 Fuxi Tai Hao's family, Shennong Yan Di's family and Xuanyuan Huangdi's family were recorded in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, all of which originated from the ancient culture in the Yellow River basin, so the ancient history system of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" is very consistent with the Neolithic archaeological culture in the Weishui River basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The ancients in China corresponded to heaven and earth. After death, Heaven (the ruler, of course) becomes a god, taking care of future generations. The stars in the sky also depend on the fortunes of the world, and the stars (including the sun) are ancestors. Therefore, God is an ancestor, and ancestors are all gods. The history of God is the history of ancestors, and the relationship between God and ancestors. China myth is the ancient history of China. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors were the legendary "emperors" in China before the Xia Dynasty. Now it seems that they are all tribal leaders, and they have become the leaders of tribal alliances because of their strength. Basically, no matter according to myths and legends or historical records, people think that Huang San lived before the Five Emperors. But different historians have different definitions of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors". Huang San has five theories, and so do the five emperors. The general name of Shi was first found in Lu Chunqiu, and the sub-name of Shi Ji Li Si Benji. Li Si said: "There were emperors in ancient times, and Huangdi, Tai Huang and Qin Huang were the most expensive." However, the Preface of Life in Spring and Autumn Annals holds that Huang San is the emperor, the Yellow Emperor and Ren Huang. In the Song Dynasty, Luo Ping quoted Kong Yan from Lv Shi to reconcile this contradiction, and thought it was. So, who is "Huang San"? Only Han scholars have five different views. There is a view that Huang San is a shameful person, Fuxi Shennong-a biography of Shangshu. "Han Li Wen Jia" and "Preface to Spring and Autumn Shouli" also say so, but they are all people-centered; Another view is that Huang San is Fuxi, Nu Wa and Shennong-Chunqiu; The third view holds that Huang San is Fuxi, Shennong and Zhu Rong-The Book of Rites Names; The fourth opinion is that Baihutong was written by Fuxi, Shennong and * * *. The last opinion is that Huang San is an ancient history system in which Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi-Shijing were arranged at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and Shao Hao Jintian was added between Huangdi and Zhuan Xu, and an emperor was added besides the "Five Emperors" mentioned in the Warring States Period. Therefore, some people promoted the Yellow Emperor, the first of the Five Emperors, to Huang San, alongside Fuxi and Shennong. First of all, Zheng holds this view, and Zhang Heng's Book of Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty and Huangfu Mi's Hundred Years of Emperor also follow this view. Then the pseudo "Preface to Shangshu" preached this theory. Since then, Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi have become the three oldest emperors in the history of China. The records about "Huang San", though some beautiful and moving myths, can reflect the history of clans and tribes in primitive society. These ancient myths and legends vividly reflect the glorious tradition of diligence, courage and wisdom of our Chinese nation, and profoundly show that the initial civilization of human society was created through hard struggle. Huang San's indefinite theory has been like this since ancient times. What about the five emperors? Who are the three emperors and five emperors? Be specific, okay? Huang San among the Three Emperors and Five Emperors refers to Sui Ren (Emperor), Fuxi (Ren Huang) and Shennong (Yellow Emperor) in turn; The five emperors refer to Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Yao and Shun respectively.
The Three Emperors and Five Emperors were the legendary "emperors" in China before the Xia Dynasty. Since the creation of the world by Pangu, his descendants and gods, that is, first, then Wu, have returned to the gods after completing the tasks needed for the creation of the world.
Mankind has ushered in a new era, because the Five Gods are the latest gods, so many tribes or leaders who made outstanding contributions to mankind in the middle and late primitive society are called "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", including the five gods.
There is no exact calendar year from the Three Emperors' era to the Five Emperors' era, at least one thousand years. Three Emperors and Five Emperors are representatives of outstanding leaders in ancient China. Whether according to historical records or myths and legends, people think that Huang San lived before the Five Emperors.
Generally speaking, the Three Emperors era was a long time ago, or four or five thousand years to seven or eight thousand years ago or even longer, and the time span may be very large; The era of the Five Emperors was not far from the Xia Dynasty, more than 4,000 years ago.
Extended data
The statement of the Five Emperors should be a summary of the ancient imperial dynasties by later generations, not a complete reference, but a respect and memory of the ancestors by Chinese civilization. Because most ancient documents have been lost, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors belong to the category of myths and legends, but judging from the extensiveness of legends and the description in historical records, the authenticity of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors should exist exactly.
There are different opinions about the formulation of three emperors and five emperors, which is not complete. It should be different classifications of different people, and there is no exact reference.
Huang San was one of the three emperors in the early China civilization. In the early days of Chinese civilization, there were Pangu, Youchao, Suirenshi, Fuxishi, Shennong and Xuanyuan. Another Nuwa, also listed in Huang San, should be a branch of the Six Dynasties. Generally speaking, Huang San should be the three families of Sui Renshi, Fu, Shennong and Xuanyuan,
Because of its great significance and influence in ancient civilization, it has an indispensable position and should be more reasonable. At the same time, they are the beginning of a dynasty, representing the early, middle and late stages of ancient civilization in China. San huang has a long time span, estimated to have a history of several thousand years. After the opening of Huang San, there were many emperors in every era. The first and last emperors of Shennong were Yan emperors.
The five emperors were the five emperors in Xuanyuan period. Xuanyuan Huangdi replaced Shennong and created a new era-Huangdi Dynasty. The five emperors refer to the five emperors in Xuanyuan period. Because the Yellow Emperor is the king of Xuanyuan dynasty and has a great position in the Chinese nation, it is reasonable that his achievements are far above those of other five emperors, and he is not included in the list of five emperors.
According to historical records such as Historical Records, there were far more than five emperors in Xuanyuan period, and the legend was beyond reproach, so the five emperors' opinions were different, but their values were different.
Baidu encyclopedia-three emperors and five emperors
Is it said from the song sequence of three emperors, five emperors, Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties? The first kind (popular version)
Three emperors and five emperors began, and Yao, Shun and Yu were handed down from generation to generation. Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty are divided into two parts. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period unified Qin and Han Dynasties. Three points, two pounds extending back and forth. The Northern and Southern Dynasties coexisted, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed on. After Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial dynasty ended here. The second (simplified version) Song formula "Three Emperors and Five Emperors in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties" belongs to Qin and Han Dynasties. Jin ended in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, followed by the Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Melody II (a simple version commonly used by middle school students in Hong Kong) has two meanings: Huang Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Spring and Autumn Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, North and South after Jin Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty and the people.
1. refers to historical figures. Huang San refers to Sui people, Fuxi and Shennong. The Five Emperors refer to the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun. 2. refers to the historical period. That is, the era of three emperors and five emperors, also known as ancient times, ancient times or mythological times. It can also be called "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" for short. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors led the people to create the ancient civilization of China, and modern archaeology found a large number of Longshan cultural sites corresponding to this period, which proved that the shorthand formula of Chinese dynasties did exist during the Three Emperors and Five Emperors period. Do you remember?
From Pangu's three emperors and five emperors, to the order of emperors, the beginning and end of dynasties, to the founding emperor of today's capital.
Three Emperors and Five Emperors in xia Dynasty BC 2 146- 1675 Anyi Shaanxi Xia County Yu Shang Dynasty BC 1675- 1029 Bohai Henan Shangqiu Tang Zhou Western Zhou BC 1029-77 1 year Haojing Shaanxi Xi. 475-22 1 year before the Warring States Period, 22 1-207 before the Qin Dynasty, xianyang, Shaanxi Province, the first emperor of Xianyang, Ying Zheng, Han and the Western Han Dynasty, 206- 8 BC, Chang 'an, Xi 'an, Han Gaozu, Liu Bangxin Dynasty, 9-23 years, Wang Mang of the Eastern Han Dynasty, 25-23 years. Han Guangwu 22 1-263 Chengdu Sichuan Han Zhaolie Emperor Liu Wu 222-280 Jianye Jiangsu Nanjing Sun Xijin 265-3 16 Luoyang Henan Luoyang Liang Wudi 3 17-420 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing Jinyuan Emperor Si Marui Sixteen Countries 304-439 Former Zhao (Zhao Han). 304-3 18 Pingyang Shanxi Linfen Gaozu Wenguang Liu Yuan 3 19-329 Chang 'an Shaanxi xi 'an Han Cheng 306-347 Chengdu Sichuan Chengdu Taizong Wu Emperor Li Xiong Liang Qian 3 14-363 Gu Zang Gansu Wuwei Gaozu Wang Ming Zhang Shi Hou Zhao 319-35/kloc. Yan Qian 337-370 Dragon City Liaoning Chaoyang Taizu Civilization Emperor Murong Qin 35 1-394 Chang 'an Shaanxi Sejong Ming Di Fu Qin 384-4 17 Chang 'an Shaanxi An Taizu Emperor Yao Chang Houyan 384-407 Zhongshan Hebei Dingzhou Sejong Chengwu Emperor Mu Rongchui Xiqin 385-43 1 Yuanchuan Gansu Yucun. Liezu Xuanlie Wang Qifu Guo Renhou Liang 386-403 Lueyang Gansu Pingliang Taizu Yiwu Emperor Lv Guangnan Liang 397-4 14 Xiping Qinghai Xining Zuwu Wangtuo Guwu Southern Yan 398-4 10 Optical Valley Shandong Yidu Sejong Wuxian Emperor Murong De Xiliang 407-46438+0 Jiuquan Gansu Taizu Zhaowu Wangli Wei Fox Summer. 438+0 Tong Wancheng Shaanxi Jingbian Shizu Liewu Emperor Lian Bobo Beiyan 407-436 and Liaoning Chaoyang Goguryeo Gaoyun Beiliang 397-439 Zhangye Gansu Zhangye Taizu Wuxuan Wang Juqu Meng Xun * Wei Ran 350-352 Yecheng Hebei Linzhang * * Ran Min * Xiyan 384-394 eldest son Shanxi eldest son Xianbei Murong Hong * Xishu (Houshu). 405-4 13 Yizhou, Chengdu, Sichuan * * * Qiao Zong Southern and Northern Dynasties 420-589 Southern Dynasties Song Dynasty 420-479 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing 479-502 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing Qiliang 502-557 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing Xiao 557-589 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing Chen Wudi Chen Baxian Northern Wei Dynasty 386-534 Pingcheng Shanxi Datong Wei Dao Wu Di Tuoluo. South Luoyang East Wei 534-550 leaves Hebei Linzhang Wei xiaojing Emperor Yuan Western Wei 535-556 Chang 'an Shaanxi Xi' An Wei Wendi Yuanbao lives in Beiqi 550-577 leaves Hebei Linzhang Xuan Di Levin 557-58 1 Chang 'an Shaanxi Xi Zhou Xiaomin Emperor Yuwenjue Sui Dynasty 58 1-6 18 Daxing Shaanxi Xi 'an Sui Dynasty. Tang Dynasty 6 18-907 Chang 'an Shaanxi xi 'an Tang Gaozu Li Yuan Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Back Beam 907-923 Bian Henan Kaifeng Liang Taizu Huang Zhu Hou Tang 923-936 Luoyang Henan Luoyang Tangzhuang Li Zongxu Village Hou Jin 936-947 Bian Henan Kaifeng Jin Gaozu Shi Jingtang Hou Han 947-950 Bian Henan Kaifeng Han Gaozu Liu Bian. Bianhe Taizu Guo Wei 89 1-925 Chengdu Sichuan Chengdu Gaozu Wang Jianshou Shu 925-965 Chengdu Gaozu Meng Zhixiang 892-937 Yangzhou Jiangsu Yangzhou Taizu Yang Xingmi Nantang 937-975 Jinling Jiangsu Nanjing Liezu Libian wuyue 893-978 Hangzhou Zhejiang Hangzhou Wusu Guo 893-9. 45 Changle Fujian Fuzhou Taizu Wang Machu 896-95 1 Changsha Hunan Changsha Wumu Wang Ma Yin Nanhan 905-97 1 Xing Guangdong Guangzhou Gaozu Liu Li Nanping 907-963 Jingzhou Hubei Jingzhou Wang Gao Jixing Beihan 95 1-979 Taiyuan Shanxi Taizu Liu Chongsong Northern Song Dynasty 960-65438. 127 Kaifeng Henan Kaifeng Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Southern Song Dynasty 1 127- 1279 Lin 'an Zhejiang Ansong Zhao Gou Liao 907- 1 125 Huang Dou Liaoning Liaoning Lu Ye Abaoji Dali 937- 1254. 032- 1227 Xingqingfu Ningxia Yinchuan Jingdi Li Yuanhao Gold 1 15- 1234 Huining Acheng (Black) Jin Taizu Yan Hong Akuta Capital Beijing Kaifeng Henan Kaifeng Yuan Dynasty 1206- 1368. There is no need to delve into this ... the existence of Yu Chao is only mentioned in the history books, and the evidence is insufficient. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors are not real emperors, but some tribal leaders, who have made great contributions to mankind and are respected by future generations. Even the Three Emperors and Five Emperors have different opinions. Some people have several honorifics (for example, Shennong is called Huangdi, and some people are called Agricultural Emperor). Some people say that Huangdi is alive. I don't think it's possible. After all, it is a primitive man ... it is not realistic to live over 100 years old. It has been five or six hundred years since the Yellow Emperor arrived in Xia Qi. How can there be only five emperors in the middle? ...
How to divide the order of dynasties in China history? You'd better give me a formula. thank you The formula for dividing dynasties in the history of China 1;
Since the beginning of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Yao Shunyu has been passed down from generation to generation; Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty are divided into two parts.
Spring and Autumn and Warring States unified Qin and Han Dynasties; Three points in Wei Shuwu, before and after the Second Jin Dynasty;
The Southern and Northern Dynasties coexisted, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed; After Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial dynasty ended here.
Formula 2 for dividing dynasties in the history of China:
The Shang Dynasty in Xia Dynasty was divided into two parts with the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qin was unified and Han was unified.
The Three Kingdoms stand in Wei Shuwu, stretching back and forth in the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
The Southern Dynasties and the Northern Dynasties died together. After the reunification of the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties,
Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Revolution of 1911 ended.
Formula 3 for dividing dynasties in the history of China:
Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.
Qin, Han and Jin dynasties were unified, and the southern dynasties were enemies.
Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing emperors rested.
Four Formulas for Dividing Dynasties in China History;
Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty are divided into two parts.
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period unified Qin and Han Dynasties.
Wei Shuwu was divided into three parts, and the rulers extended back and forth.
The Northern and Southern Dynasties coexisted, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed on.
After Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the dynasty ended here.
Extended data:
Reasons for the demise of Chinese historical dynasties
I. Xia Dynasty
Time: 2 1 century-BC16th century. It was the first hereditary dynasty recorded in the history books of China.
Cause of extinction:
1, internal productivity decreased.
2. Long-term instability of the external environment.
3. The concept of the ruling class in Xia Dynasty.
4. Xia Jie's personal factors (reuse treacherous court official, crowd out the virtuous minister)
Second, the Shang Dynasty
Time: from about 1600 BC to about 1046 BC, it was the second dynasty in China history and the first dynasty with direct written records of the same period.
Cause of extinction:
1. In the late Shang Dynasty, most slave owners and nobles lived a luxurious and decadent life and treated slaves very cruelly. Such as human sacrifice, human sacrifice.
2. The exploitation and enslavement of civilians and slaves by slave owners and nobles have intensified, and class contradictions have intensified.
3. The rulers of Shang Dynasty waged wars against foreign countries year after year, and used soldiers against foreigners on a large scale. Almost all the young and middle-aged people in China have been recruited, which has aggravated domestic contradictions. There were too many slaves captured in the war, and he didn't deal with the placement of slaves properly, which led to a large number of slaves defecting.
Third, the Zhou Dynasty.
Time: 65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC, the third and last hereditary slavery dynasty in China history after Shang Dynasty.
Cause of extinction:
1, earthquake, drought and other natural disasters have caused great losses to people's lives and property, and also made the crisis in the Western Zhou Dynasty worse.
2. Zhou Liwang's extortion intensified the exploitation of working people.
3. When it spread to Zhou Youwang, it destroyed the patriarchal clan system, and the vassals lost their trust in him by "establishing concubines after the abolition, and establishing Shu Ren after the abolition" and "playing with fire vassals".
4. With the decline of the royal family, the relationship between the vassal States and the royal power of the Zhou Dynasty gradually alienated; Minority dogs attacked Haojing, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.
5. The enfeoffment system made Zhou Tianzi's power empty and became a puppet after moving eastward.
6. The patriarchal clan system of Zhou Dynasty was destroyed, and the influence of local governors was increasing day by day; And under the banner of the royal family, "support the emperor and make the princes" and constantly develop their own power.
Fourth, the Qin dynasty
Time: 2265438 BC+0-207 BC, it was the first unified dynasty in China history, which was developed by Qin at the end of the Warring States Period.
Cause of extinction:
1. After reunification, the people have no rest, and the corvee, military service and tax burden are heavy.
2. Policies and laws have not been adjusted in time, and criminal law is still cruel under peaceful governance.
3, * * * action failed, lack of local strength, a group of outlaws like Chen Guang, can also capture osawa township.
4. The restoration power of the noble descendants of the Six Kingdoms is too strong, and Qin Ershi's personal ability and quality are limited.
5. When the uprisings are surging everywhere, the rulers are still busy with the court struggle; In the end, the internal rule of the Qin Dynasty was divided and the initiative of counterinsurgency was completely lost.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Han Dynasty
Time: 202-220 years ago, it was a unified dynasty after Qin Dynasty, which was divided into two periods: the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. It lasted 29 emperors and enjoyed the country for 405 years.
Cause of extinction:
1, consorts and eunuchs expand their power, form their own interest groups, and fight endlessly.
2, there are too many doll emperors (the emperor is young, and the queen mother must come to the DPRK and rely on her consorts to take power).
3. Land annexation (privatization) is serious, and a large number of farmers have lost their land.
4. The landlord was powerful, and later formed a local separatist force.
5. The Yellow Scarf Uprising led to the rise of local armed forces and the loss of control of the central government.
Sixth, the Jin Dynasty
Time: 265 -420, connecting the Three Kingdoms and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Western Jin Dynasty was one of the unified dynasties in the history of China, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the six dynasties. Jin dynasty 155 years passed to the fifteenth emperor.
Cause of extinction:
1, the new Wei dynasty changed too fast, and the later period was too small to control the nobility.
2. The imperial clan's power was excessively weakened, and the generals with foreign surnames took the lead. When they seized power, Cao Wei's royal family had no foreign aid.
Sima Yi lived too long, and the powerful Sima family rose without checks and balances.
Seven, Sui Dynasty
Time: 58 1-6 18, a unified dynasty in the history of China.
Cause of extinction:
1, various separatist forces are surging under the unified surface, and the ruling foundation is very unstable.
2. The gate was dissatisfied with the imperial examination system and colluded with the evil forces in Chou He to fight against the imperial power.
3. Yang Di's personal factors: great ambition, arrogance, extravagance and waste, abuse of power; However, the imperial examination, the construction of the East Capital, the construction of the Equator, the construction of canals and the expropriation of Korea are all contemporary hardships and will make great contributions in the future.
Eight, the Tang Dynasty
Time: 6 18-907. It was a unified dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, with 2/kloc-0 emperors and enjoyed 289 years.
Cause of extinction:
1, border incidents continue (such as Anshi rebellion, Annan rebellion, Tubo invasion, etc.). ) and divide the buffer.
2, eunuch authoritarian (such as Li, etc. ), the party struggle for internal friction (such as Niu Li party struggle).
Successive years of war severely weakened the ruling power of the Tang Dynasty, hindered economic development, and triggered peasant uprising and foreign invasion.
Nine, Five Dynasties and Ten Countries
Time: 907-960, a period of great division in the history of China. The Five Dynasties refer to the five regimes in the Central Plains, namely, Hou Liang, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty and the Later Zhou Dynasty, which were successively replaced after the demise of the Tang Dynasty in 907.
Cause of extinction:
1, the power of the buffer region is still strong, and the new regime can't control it, so that civil strife and war continue.
2. Many monarchs are fatuous and cruel, their military affairs are lax, and corrupt officials oppress the people.
3. The powerful ministers colluded with foreign countries for insurrection, and foreign countries attacked the Central Plains for looting and killing.
There are too many regimes, heavy taxes, frequent wars, and serious damage to social order and economic foundation.
Song dynasty
Time: 960- 1279. China is a dynasty that inherited the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and started the Yuan Dynasty. It is divided into two stages: Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty. It lasted 18 emperor and enjoyed the country for 3 19 years.
Cause of extinction:
1, the policy of controlling arms with literature has caused mutual restraint within the military, frequent restrictions and many shortcomings.
2. The "Sixteen States" ceded by Shi Jingtang in the late Jin Dynasty lost the natural barrier of the Han nationality and could not resist foreign cavalry.
3. Lian Jin's decision-making mistakes in resisting Liao and Lian Meng's resistance to Jin only saw the strength of Liao (Jin), but did not see the threat of Jin (Mongolia).
4. The military ignorance, incompetence and inaction of the ruling class led to the failure of Kaifeng's defense war.
5. The emperor was fatuous, defeated by * * *, with serious political infighting and a large amount of military expenditure, and the people were overwhelmed.
Xi。 the Yuan Dynasty
Time: 127 1 year-1368, the dynasty established by Mongols, with its capital mostly (now Beijing), spread to the fifth and eleventh emperors for 98 years.
Cause of extinction:
1, aristocratic life is decadent, officials are corrupt, * * * credit is bankrupt, and land annexation is serious.
2. Unequal ethnic hierarchy and severe oppression and bullying of the people.
3. The fiscal deficit remains high, taxes are too heavy, and natural disasters are serious.
4, managers do not pay attention to learning, will only use force to fight the country.
Twelve. tomorrow
Time: 1368-1644. It was the last unified dynasty established by the Han nationality in the history of China. * * * spread to the 16th emperor and enjoyed the country for 276 years.
Cause of extinction:
1, the civil service group expanded and had too much power, and the eunuch dictatorship endangered the rule in the later period.
2. Foreign enemies keep harassing us, increasing military spending and causing financial and economic crisis.
3. In the embryonic period of capitalism, * * * did not attach importance to the development of industry and commerce, which greatly restricted the circulation of commodity money.
4. Natural disasters and man-made disasters occur one after another, resulting in a large number of refugees, and the peasant uprising constantly affects stability.
5. Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the customs, destroyed the Great Wall, and helped the Qing Dynasty clean up the ready-made mountains and rivers.
Thirteen. Ching Dynasty
Time:1636—1911year. It was the last feudal dynasty in the history of China, divided into ten emperors and enjoyed the country for 268 years.
Cause of extinction:
1. Politics is dark and decadent, and the rulers themselves are corrupt (love) and incompetent (emperor).
2. Under the closed-door policy, the ideology, system and technology are backward.
3. The Qing Dynasty was weak and incompetent. In the face of the invasion of foreign powers, it only knows how to compromise and cede land for compensation.