Fairy fox
Tail. "Shan Haijing? Overseas east longitude. The fox, in the traditional culture of China, has always been an image with both good and evil (according to the formal statement, the fox and the raccoon are two kinds of animals, but people take it for granted that only the fox is a fairy, and the raccoon seems to be just a vulgar thing). The nine-tailed fox in Shan Hai Jing is a monster that can "eat people". Later, in the stone carvings and brick paintings of the Han Dynasty, the nine-tailed fox, the white rabbit, the toad and the three-legged dog were often listed next to the Queen Mother of the West to show good luck, and the nine-tailed fox symbolized the numerous interests of future generations (see "The White Tiger and the Tongde Theory? Feng Chan "). The legend of "cannibalism" gradually faded away, and the theory of "for Switzerland" gradually appeared. But it is also in the Eastern Han Dynasty's Shuo Wen Jie Zi that Xie Hu is a "talented beast, and ghosts ride on it. "Visible fox is aura, which was recognized thousands of years ago. Later, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the fox was visited by people in the temple, which was very popular. Zhang Kun's book "A Book of Ruling and Ruling" in the Tang Dynasty said: "Since the early Tang Dynasty, people have suffered from foxes ..." At that time, there was a proverb saying: "Without foxes, there would be no villages. "In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the image of the fox was more abundant. The most famous image of da ji among the nine-tailed foxes appeared at that time (Romance of the Gods), and the stories of fox spirits and foxes are even more numerous in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and Notes of Yuewei Caotang. " Charming, evil, fairy, mysterious and cunning are the most obvious feelings of China people when they think of "foxes".
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Myths and legends
The Story of the Mystery solemnly mentioned: "At the age of fifty, the fox can become a woman. At the age of one hundred, she is a beauty, a wizard and can know thousands of miles of foreign affairs. Being good at charm makes people confused and ignorant. Chitose is connected with Tiantong and is a tiger. " Fox fairy first appeared as an auspicious positive image. In ancient times, there was the totem worship of foxes, and Tushan Stone, Chun Hu, Su You and other tribes all belonged to the fox totem clan. Fox also made outstanding contributions to the establishment of China's first slave dynasty-Xia Dynasty. When Dayu was in charge of water conservancy, Yu was busy all day and had no intention of making a girlfriend. It seems that he is concentrating on the career of young people and is dying. Once he went to Tu Shan and saw a white fox with nine tails (Kyubi no Youko means many descendants). He was very moved and got married and had children here. His son Qi later became the founding king of Xia Dynasty.
Since then, China's long feudal society has persecuted and suppressed people's personality psychology, especially women's personality psychology, and this depressed mentality has become the best hotbed for the birth of "Fox Fairy" culture. A newspaper in one's hand and in one's hand said: "People are busy with the fox god, offering sacrifices in the house for mercy, eating and drinking with the world, and acting differently. Sometimes Yan said, "Without being sycophantic, you can't become a village. "It can be seen that the fox was first loved by women in feudal society and regarded it as a god to please the spouse. The fox's beautiful fur, small and lovely body and cunning and eccentric temperament can really be compared with the charming girl in the eyes of the ancients. The fox also seems to represent some mysterious spirit, especially when it comes to women's personality psychology.
The fox was the most revered in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and it was one of the four auspicious symbols alongside the dragon, unicorn and phoenix. In the stone carvings and brick paintings of the Han Dynasty, the nine-tailed fox is often juxtaposed with the white rabbit, toad and bluebird to show good luck. Others concluded that foxes have three virtues: soft fur, which conforms to the golden mean; The figure is small before and big after, which conforms to the order of precedence; When you die, put your head to your hole and don't forget your roots. It can be inferred that foxes lived a very moist life for more than two thousand years from the summer solstice to the Han Dynasty.
After the Han Dynasty, the status of the fox as auspicious declined sharply. All the good things about foxes have gone before, and the rest are some unseemly words, such as suspicious, sycophantic and smelly, which are almost the base of derogatory words. In the long run, the fox has become synonymous with the problem of life style and a famous slut, and has not turned over yet.
The story of fox spirit in Han Dynasty is primitive, with little positive significance, and the magical power of fox is limited. It was not until the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties that the fox became humanized and powerful, and gained human feelings and intelligence. For example, in the book Miscellanies of Xijing written by Ge Hong, there is a story that the ancient white fox turned into an old man's dream. There are many works about foxes in Sou Shen Ji, which shows that Jin people like to talk about foxes and it has become a fashion. But the plot of the novel is single, stylized, and the ending is miserable and inhuman. Although the fox spirit in the story is miraculous, it has the weakness of its natural attributes. For example, they are afraid of dogs and will show their true colors as soon as they meet; In addition, the fox has a sense of shame, and it still has a tail after deformation.
In the Tang Dynasty, fox fairy novels were still popular, and articles such as Stone Man and Ji Zhen began to publicize supernatural phenomena related to foxes. In the Song Dynasty, the "Fox King Temple" also appeared among the people. There are few works about foxes in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the note novels represented by Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and Yuewei Caotang Notes were very popular. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a masterpiece of Fox Fairy, reaching its peak. The fox spirits described by Pu Songling have all the virtues of human beings and become good friends of human beings. They emphasize friendship and respect truth, but they are more lovely than human beings.
The fox will become other monsters.
In addition, foxes will disguise themselves as other monsters to make trouble. In The Legend of Taiping Hundred Schools, a woman left a wooden bucket full of rice in a wholesaler's shop in Fuji, Kyoto, but a fox claiming to be Zhentian Mountain appeared from the bucket, which looked like a big bald monk with a long neck. Since then, potatoes have often become wetter and dirtier in this family's residence, and the owner is miserable. So she expressed her hope to send him away and supply red bean rice and rice for three days in a row. So foxes sometimes have a whim and become other monsters to play pranks on the earth.
Fox fire is a ghost fire.
According to the record of the snow spectrum in North Vietnam, the fox spits fire. But, look carefully, it is the gas exhaled by the fox that burns in the air. There are different opinions about fox fire. For example, Wen Qi Thought Record records opinions from all over the world. When the fox started the fire with the horse bone in his mouth, the local saying in Mino is to light the horse's toenails and let the fox start the fire. People who see "fox fire" at night are likely to get lost when walking, or lose something, and even some people will become foxes. There is really no better way to explain all kinds of incredible phenomena except foxes.
The legend of fox possession
Foxes like to haunt people's places and interact with people frequently. But in folk stories or fairy tales, foxes often play a clever and cunning role. For example, I cheated the owner of a fish shop to eat delicious fresh fish, used other animals for my own benefit, or thought I should never be fooled by a fox, but I was fooled by a fox. Like Kenji Miyazawa, I have written similar fairy tales.
It is said that in Shimane Prefecture, there is a monster called "human fox hug" (smaller than ordinary foxes, similar to weasels, often appearing in houses), also called "fox messenger". If someone hates it for no reason, it will be attached to that person. Once possessed by this fox, it will be over, and words and deeds will become surly and abnormal. It's not that simple to handle. But no matter what you ask, people possessed by foxes can answer like a flood. For example, ask "Where are you from?" The fox replied, "I come from the garrison of Yamaguchi Taro. Then he asked, "Then why did you come here? "Answer:" Because I want to avenge my master! " The questioner told the fox, "but I didn't come here, so I'd better leave as soon as possible!" The fox who stayed wanted to make a deal: "You can go back, but you have to promise me." The man asked again, "What requirements? The fox answered him quickly: "I want to eat red bean rice, tofu soup and snapper sauce." "Say that finish still dripping saliva, looks like greed.
So he had to provide rich food according to the fox's request, and the possessed person wolfed it down with relish, but the man's eating was really ugly, just like the fox's eating. After a hearty meal, he even put down his cruel words unsatisfied: "If you don't give me the land to which this house belongs, I will take this man's life at once!" At this point, the people around him immediately suppressed the person who was possessed by the virus and said, "OK, now I will kill you with acupuncture!" " Then, I looked back and forth on the man's face and smeared it on the place where there was a lump. The possessed man immediately knelt down and begged for mercy: "I'll leave at once, please spare me!" However, the other party ignored it accordingly and just burned it on the face two or three times with a needle. The possessed person must escape from the window. After struggling for a while, he suddenly fell down and fainted. When he woke up, the possessed fox had disappeared.
Marry a fox and go home as a wife
In Japanese folktales, the fox is one of the common monsters. As early as the ninth century AD, the legend of the fox demon was recorded in the Japanese paranormal. It is said that a man met a beautiful woman in the wilderness, married her, and gave birth to a child in Daye County (present-day Gifu County) of MINO County. I didn't expect his wife to be a fox. One day, after showing his true colors, he barked like a dog and returned to the wilderness. The husband still called out to the fox and said, "Please don't forget me!" " ! The child still needs your care, come back to sleep quickly! "The last sentence" hurry back to sleep! In the local dialect, it is pronounced kitune, which is similar to the pronunciation of fox in Japanese. It is said that the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese character "fox" comes from this.
The origin of eyebrow saliva
I often refer to "suspicious things" or "incredible things" as "eyebrow saliva" This means that the superstition of spitting on eyebrows is related to "foxes". In this part, we can refer to some sayings in Han Zhen's book: In the world, it is meaningful to wipe saliva on your eyebrows when you meet foxes and ghosts. When the 56th emperor of Qing Dynasty was young, Zhong Rengong worked as a bodyguard. Emperors usually hate monsters like foxes. One day he was playing in the south yard, and the fox passed by and immediately followed the grass. Seeing this situation, Zhong Rengong, who was standing by, said half jokingly, "Your Majesty, please allow me to subdue the devil according to your imperial virtue. I don't know what will happen? " So the emperor, who was only eight years old, mistook "enchantment" for "caressing eyebrows" and caressed them with his fingers to escape. Later generations put their saliva on their eyebrows whenever they encounter ghosts to ward off evil spirits and spread false information. This is the origin of "eyebrow salivation"
Fox fairy folk custom
A long time ago, at the end of the year, the fox spirits in the Kanto area gathered under a big Pu Shu, dressed up and went to the Daohe Prince Shrine to worship the God of Grains. Local residents overlook the Fox Fairy, and judge whether they will have plenty of food and clothing in the coming year from the number of phosphorus fires.
The fantasy legend of Tokyo Dao and Prince Shrine comes from the ancient awe of nature. In order to continue this ancient legend, in recent years, every year on New Year's Eve, about 300 local residents will put on traditional fox masks or make up cute fox faces, and put on kimonos, and gather in the legendary Daohe Shrine where Pu Shu is located, holding lanterns, and slowly pay homage to Daohe Shrine in the dark to pray for a good year. That night, the streets of Prince Edward were full of "fox spirits", which were both interesting and lively, making people feel the gratitude of the ancients for their kindness to nature.
The Japanese think that if they put on new sandals when the sun goes down, they will become foxes. This superstition is widely circulated all over Japan. Therefore, whether it is slippers or leather shoes, if you want to wear new shoes, you must choose in the morning and you can't wear new shoes at night. If you have to wear them, remember to coat the soles with 10% coal ash or ink until they are dry.
The legend of jade algae
Legend has it that its demon is a nine-tailed fox, a monster who turned into a peerless beauty to confuse the king. She was born in India. When she traveled to China, she became a sister in Xia Jie and da ji in Shang Zhouwang. When the Shang Dynasty perished, she was hunted by Jiang Ziya and forced to travel across the ocean to Japan, calling herself "Tamamo no Mae", which won the favor and trust of Emperor Bird Feather.
At that time, Tamamo no Mae was favored by the emperor's bird feather, and the emperor gave him the name Tamamo no Mae. Like the legend of Dou 'e's injustice, Tamamo no Mae lured the emperor to fall ill and fall on the bed regardless of state affairs. Ministers began to doubt her, and asked Abe Taicheng to investigate her secretly, and confirmed that the emperor who had been transformed by Kyubi no Youko's evil fox for thousands of years became angry and ordered the killing of Tamamo no Mae.
In the end, she was captured and killed by a mysterious person, but her ambition and obsession were left on Nasuno in the form of a "killing stone" (a stone that spewed venom to attack birds and insects, making animals inaccessible), waiting for a chance of revenge.