First, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and employee motivation
Motivation is a psychological state of human activities, which has the functions of strengthening and stimulating motivation, promoting and guiding behavior to the predetermined goal. All the conditions that the heart wants to strive for, such as needs, desires, hopes and motivation, constitute the motivation of people. Maslow's hierarchy of needs divides human needs from low to high into five levels, namely, physiological needs, security needs, social needs, respect needs and self-realization needs (see figure 1).
Physiological needs and security needs are the primary stage, social needs and respect needs are the intermediate stage, and self-realization needs are the advanced stage. Physiological needs, safety needs and social needs are more about preventing employees from being dissatisfied, such as salary, status, safety, working environment, policies and management systems, and interpersonal relationships. Respecting needs and realizing needs can stimulate employees' work enthusiasm, such as the possibility and achievement of work development, appreciation, promotion and growth. Stimulating employees' enthusiasm for work can be analyzed from five aspects corresponding to the five levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. From low to high, it is salary system, job stability, human management, spiritual motivation and career development (see figure 1).
Second, the salary system and physiological needs
People get economic rewards through labor, thus solving the most primary physiological needs. If the salary obtained by employees through their own labor is fair, reasonable and competitive, then they will be satisfied with their work in terms of physiological needs. The salary system of employees mainly includes salary, bonus, welfare and reward. It is very important to establish a salary system suitable for enterprise development and stimulate the enthusiasm of all employees.
Third, the work stability and safety requirements
The assessment system is not only the basis for the formulation of salary system, but also has an important impact on employees' experience of fair and just atmosphere, whether their work is threatened or not, and whether their work mood is tense and hesitant. The assessment system of enterprises is of great significance to employees' safety needs. Whether the work content and requirements are suitable for the specialty, ability and personality of workers is also very important for safety requirements. Diversified work division and differentiated work content. If the job content is not the supervisor of the employee, or it is contrary to the employee's personality, it will cause personal nervousness about the work, which will adversely affect their safety needs. One of the effective ways to ensure the matching of candidates' personality and work is to test the ability and personality of candidates in different positions of large state-owned enterprises during recruitment. Whether the working environment is clean and comfortable, whether it is close to the laborer's residence, whether the working equipment is advanced, whether the supporting facilities related to the work are perfect, and whether the enterprise has convenient transportation and dining conditions will have a comprehensive impact on personal safety needs. Successful communication between superiors and subordinates will make all aspects of daily work progress more smoothly and help promote the implementation of all work. In the process of communication, superiors and subordinates will gradually form mutual trust based on work, deepen their understanding and respect for each other's working methods and problem-solving methods, thus helping to enhance their sense of security in work progress.
Fourthly, human nature management and social needs.
With the continuous progress of society, the relationship between enterprises and employees is no longer a simple labor buying and selling relationship. Strengthening humanized management in enterprises will make employees unite as never before and become a team with great fighting capacity. Corporate culture can closely unite employees, form a strong centripetal force, and make employees unite and keep pace. Excellent corporate culture will enhance employees' sense of belonging, expand employees' social communication, and play a great role in stabilizing talents and stimulating employees' work enthusiasm. Staff training can improve workers' work skills and management level, make employees feel the care and attention of enterprises in their career, broaden their work horizons and social scope, achieve the purpose of in-depth communication with colleagues in the system in the professional field, and meet the social needs of employees in the professional business field. Harmonious interpersonal relationship is particularly important for workers. The interpersonal atmosphere of an enterprise, whether it is friendly with colleagues and superiors around it, will directly affect the individual's labor mood. Strengthening the construction of employee relations can enhance employees' sense of identity with enterprises and increase employees' cohesion. Trade unions and youth league committees in large state-owned enterprises play an important role in the construction of employee relations, and create a good atmosphere of mutual communication, concern and unity among employees by holding various cultural and recreational activities. Family relationship is also an integral part of employees' social needs. Enterprises can provide employees with more adequate conditions by giving them normal holidays, taking care of their marriage, childbirth, illness and funeral, and taking care of holidays and birthdays, so that employees can take care of their families, raise their children and take care of their parents while working. For example, on the occasion of Children's Day, the company customized a holiday gift for employees' children to bring joy to employees' families. Only by coordinating family life with enterprise work can employees' struggle in the enterprise be more dynamic and lasting.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) encourages and respects needs.
Spiritual motivation can make employees gain recognition and respect from enterprises and others, and motivate employees to dedicate their talents to enterprises with passion to meet the respect needs of employees. The praise and recognition of leaders, the honor of "advanced individual" awarded by enterprises, and the promotion of evaluation and award have a positive effect on the respect and recognition of employees. Achievement motivation has a positive strengthening function, which will constantly motivate employees to work hard and strive for more achievements and honors. Encouraging employees to participate in enterprise management is conducive to cultivating employees' sense of ownership and enhancing their sense of belonging and responsibility to the enterprise.
Six, the need for career development and self-realization.
Self-realization is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, and it is the demand of people in realizing their own value and exerting their own potential. The quality of employees in large state-owned enterprises is generally high, and they need not only a job, but also career development and their own career sky. Employees who get professional development will be more active in their work. Enterprises need to help employees plan their careers, design reasonable and diverse promotion channels for employees, and stimulate their enthusiasm for work. Making employees' careers more exciting will not only bring good results for employees to work harder, but also make enterprises develop faster. Post rotation and further study are also important ways for enterprises to help employees realize themselves. The use of job rotation in enterprises can further enrich employees' professional interests and work content, which is of great significance to enhance employees' work enthusiasm. Creating an enterprise working atmosphere with equal opportunities and providing employees with equal opportunities for competition can make employees believe in hard work and self-struggle, and it is also a favorable factor for employees to meet their self-realization needs.
Seven, according to different individuals to use different incentives.
Effective incentives must recognize the differences of individual needs and take various incentive measures at the same time. Every employee in an enterprise is an independent individual, different from others. Their needs, attitudes and personalities are different, so it is necessary to know the needs of each employee in detail. According to the different stages of employees' career development, enterprises can roughly divide employees into four different levels (see Figure 2), distinguish the key points of incentives, combine various incentive methods, be targeted, and maximize the enthusiasm of employees.
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, to stimulate employees' enthusiasm for work, it is necessary to meet their material needs as well as their deeper psychological and spiritual needs. For ordinary employees in the stage of work exploration and basic training, the focus of demand is more on salary, job stability and accumulation of professional experience. Therefore, enterprises can give them more job skills and development opportunities while giving them reasonable salary and stable jobs, and they will be more willing to accept challenging jobs. For the backbone personnel who have obtained certain professional qualifications and have certain positions in the organization, they have higher skills and qualifications. If enterprises want to have these excellent employees for a long time and give full play to their value, they need to be more attractive in terms of treatment and positions. For middle managers, senior managers and retiring senior managers, enterprises need to give them more satisfaction in spiritual encouragement and self-realization, improve their loyalty to the enterprise, and play a greater role in cultivating new people and shaping corporate culture.