Learning the original text is concerned about the constitution and seeking kindness, which is enough to smell and not enough to move the public; It is wise and far away, enough to move the public, not enough to turn the people. If a gentleman wants to turn people into customs, he must learn it!
Jade is not cut, not a tool; People don't learn or know. He is a citizen of the ancient king, and teaching is the first. "Saving Life" said: "Reading begins with learning." That's what it means!
Although there are delicacies, I don't know the use of food; Although there is supreme Tao, Buddhism does not know its goodness. It is to learn and then know the deficiency, and to teach and then know the difficulty. You can introspect if you don't know enough, and you can be self-reliant if you are sleepy. So teaching and learning are also beneficial. "Duiming" said: "Learn half." That's what it means!
Ancient teachers have schools, the party has difficulties, the art is orderly, and state-owned learning.
Admission the following year, middle-aged exam. Different from the classic year; Three-year-old professional music group; Five years teaching experience; Seven years of study and making friends is a small achievement. Nine years of knowledge and understanding, strong standing (strong will) without opposition, is called great achievement. Husband is enough to change the customs, to persuade those who are near, and to cherish those who are far away. This is also the way of university. "Ji" said: "A moth puts out a fire, which can be used for reference." That's what it means!
At the beginning of university education, Pigou sacrificed vegetables to show his respect for Taoism. The third edition of Xiao Ya is the official beginning. Sun also enrolled in school. Two things in early summer, accept their prestige. If you don't look at your studies, you swim in ambition. Watch the time to talk and keep your heart. The young man listened and asked, but he couldn't wait to learn. These seven aspects are also the major relationship (outline) of teaching.
"Ji" said: "Where to learn, officials should do things first, and scholars should be ambitious first." That's what it means!
Teaching in a university also means having a proper career when teaching and a place to live when retiring. If you don't learn to hold the string, you can't set the string; If you don't learn bo yi, you can't learn poetry; You won't be polite unless you learn miscellaneous clothes. If you don't like your art, you can't enjoy learning. Therefore, a gentleman is learning, hiding and practicing, and traveling at rest. My husband is born, so I learn from him and kiss his teacher, and I enjoy my friend very much and believe in his way, so although I leave my teacher, I have no objection. "Saving Life" says: "To Sun Wu Zhimin, it is time to repair." That's what it means!
Nowadays, teachers groan that they are full of information and words, care about numbers and then ignore safety, which makes people unable to be sincere, teaches people not to do their best, and does the opposite. Asking for help is also a Buddha. But if you are a husband, you will hide your study and attack your teacher, and you will suffer from it without knowing its benefits. Although it is the end of the matter, it must go quickly and teach it without punishment.
The law of the university: it is forbidden to say that it has not been done; When it can be called; If you don't pay attention, call Sun; Looking at each other is good, called friction. These four things are also well taught.
If it is sent and then banned, it will be overwhelming; If you study outside your time, you will work hard and it will be difficult to achieve anything; Miscellaneous giving without grandchildren, bad and chaotic without repair; Studying alone without friends is ignorant; Yan Peng rebelled against his teacher, and Yan Bi abandoned school. These six things are all taught and abandoned.
A gentleman knows both teaching and being taught, and then he can be a teacher. Therefore, the teaching of a gentleman is figurative. Tao leads, strong and restrained, open and far-reaching. Tao leads to harmony, strength leads to restraint and opening leads to thinking. Harmony with Louise is a good metaphor.
Scholars have four mistakes, and teachers must know them. People learn too much, or lose too little, or lose too easily, or stop. These four hearts are different. Know his heart, and then save his loss. Teachers should also learn to be good and save the lost.
A good singer makes people follow his voice; A good teacher will make people follow their ambitions. His words are also true, but they are subtle and difficult to compare, which can be described as following the crowd.
A gentleman knows the difficulty of learning, the beauty and the evil, and then he can compare, compare and then he can be a teacher, then he can be a dragon, and then he can be a king. Therefore, teachers are also teachers, so learning to be a gentleman is also a reason to choose teachers. "Ji" said: "Three kings and four generations, only their teachers." That's what it means!
The way to learn: stricter than the teacher is more difficult. Teacher Yan respected the Tao, and the Tao respected the people and respected learning. Therefore, there are two reasons why you don't serve the minister: when you are a corpse, you serve the minister; When he was a teacher, he was also a servant. The gift of a college student, although written, respects the teacher.
Good scholars can learn from others and get twice the result with half the effort, so they are mediocre. Poor scholars and diligent teachers get twice the result with half the effort, so they complain a lot. People who are good at asking questions are like attacking wood. Those who are easy first, then their procedures, after a long time, tell each other to solve. People who are not good at asking questions are the opposite. Be kind to those who ask questions, such as ringing the bell. If you tap them gently, they will ring. If you hit them hard, they will ring. Wait for them calmly and then go all out. People who are not good at answering questions are the opposite. This is the way to learn.
It's not enough to be a teacher, but also to listen to the language! If you can't ask about force, then talk about it, talk about it without knowing it, although it is possible to give up.
A son who is good at smelting must learn to be a prostitute; The son of a good bow must learn to be a basket; On the contrary, the first driver is in front of the horse. Only a gentleman who abides by these three points can have an interest in learning.
Ancient scholars were uglier than things, drums were not matched with five tones, and five tones were not harmonious; Water does not deserve five colors, and five colors do not deserve chapters; Learning is not suitable for the five senses, and the five senses are incurable; Teachers don't deserve five clothes, and five clothes don't kiss.
The gentleman said: Great virtue is not an official, the road is not a device, great faith is not kept, and the times are uneven. Look at these four things and you will be interested in learning. The three kings' sacrifice to Sichuan is the first and last one, or the source, or the commission, which is called the service book!
Translation study notes (the ruling party) should conform to the law, ask for good moral character (someone to help themselves), get a small reputation, and not stir the hearing of the masses; (If) being close to corporal Li Xian, tolerating dissidents and caring for the people can arouse people's hearing, but it can't play a role in educating people. If a gentleman wants to educate the people and form good customs, he must re-establish schools and re-teach!
Jade is not a tool; People can't understand without learning. Therefore, in order to establish the country and govern the people, ancient kings must first establish schools and teach. In the chapter "Shangshu Duiming Names", it is said that "we should always give priority to learning and teaching", which is the truth!
Although the food is delicious, you don't know its delicacy until you eat it; Although the truth is profound and perfect, you won't understand its benefits without studying it. Therefore, only by studying can we know our own shortcomings, and only by teaching can we feel confused. Knowing your own shortcomings in learning, you can in turn be strict with yourself; If you feel confused, you can study tirelessly. Therefore, teaching and learning complement each other. The chapter of Duiming says: "Teaching and learning are two sides of the same thing", which is the truth!
In ancient times, schools were set up to educate students. Every 25 "Lu" schools are called "Shu", every "Party" has its own school called "East", every "Skill" has its own school called "Xu", and universities are established in the country of emperors or princes.
Students enter school every year and are checked every other year. In the first year, students' basic reading ability, such as sentence breaking and chapter division, is examined. In the third year, whether students concentrate on their studies and are close to their classmates, in the fifth year, whether they study extensively and are close to their teachers, and in the seventh year, whether students can discuss academic right and wrong and identify friends. It is called "Cheng Xiao". In the ninth year, students can draw inferences from others and have a strong belief that they will not violate the teacher's teaching, which is called "Dacheng". Only in this way can we educate the people, change the customs, and the people around us can be completely convinced, and people far away will also submit to him. This is the purpose of teaching and educating people in universities. The ancient book says, "(students) should imitate the spirit of small ants holding soil to make mounds (study tirelessly)". That's the truth!
At the beginning of the university, (emperors or officials) wore formal dresses and offered sacrificial plates to the sages, which showed that they respected their teachers and attached importance to Taoism. Students should recite three poems (,,,and Hua) in the Book of Songs (describing the harmony between monarch and minister), so that they will feel like an official when they enter school; Let the students take out their school supplies according to the drums and let them take their studies seriously; At the same time, display the ruler and maintain a clean and serious order; (Students enter school in spring, and the instructor) Students don't take exams every summer vacation, so that students have enough time to study according to their own wishes. In the process of learning, teachers should observe first and don't rush to answer students' questions, so as to examine students' thinking activities repeatedly and carefully; Older students should consult their teachers, and younger students should pay attention, not interrupt, because learning should be gradual and not overstepping. These seven points are the outline of teaching order. The ancient book says: "In teaching activities, the teaching palace should first do its duty, and the reader should first make up his mind", which is the truth!
The educational activities of universities are carried out on time and have their own formal courses; There is also homework during recess. If you don't learn miscellaneous music after class, you can't play the piano well in class; If metaphors are not widely used outside class, you can't write good poems in class; If you don't learn well after class, if you do well at home, you won't be polite in class. If you don't like those talents and knowledge, you can't be happy with what you have learned. Therefore, if a gentleman treats learning and is accepted in the classroom, he must learn a lesson; Rest at home and learn all kinds of acrobatics. Only in this way can we study with peace of mind, be close to teachers, be willing to make friends with the masses, and be sure that what we have learned will not run counter to what we have learned, even if we leave the guidance of teachers. The article "Redemption of Life" says: Only by devoting to humility and respect and always learning in time can we achieve something in our study, that is!
Nowadays, teachers simply recite the text, instill a lot, blindly catch up with the progress, regardless of the students' acceptance ability, so that they can't calm down and study. Teachers can't teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and students' talents can't be fully developed. The teaching method violates the teaching principle and the requirements put forward are not in line with the students' reality. In this way, students will hate his study, resent his teacher, and suffer from the difficulty of his study without knowing its benefits. Even if he finishes his studies, he will soon forget what he has learned, and the purpose of teaching will not be achieved. That's why!
University teaching methods: preventing students' mistakes before they happen is called prevention; Timely education is called timeliness; Education that does not exceed the talent and age characteristics of the educated is called orderly; Learning from each other's strengths is called mutual discussion. These four points are the experience of successful teaching.
If there is a mistake and then it is banned, there will be resistance and it will be difficult to overcome; Let go of learning opportunities and remedy afterwards. Despite efforts, it is difficult to succeed. If the teacher doesn't impart knowledge in a certain order according to the teaching content, the organizational confusion will get out of control; If you think hard and don't discuss with your friends, you will form shallow knowledge and poor knowledge; Associating with dishonest friends is bound to violate the teacher's teaching; Engaging in some improper conversation will inevitably neglect formal study. These six points are the reasons for the failure of teaching.
A gentleman can become a good teacher if he knows both the experience of successful teaching and the reasons of teaching failure. Therefore, teachers teach people, that is, inspire and induce: (for students) induction does not pull; Persuade but not suppress; Instruct students to study, not tell them the answers directly. Induce (teachers to students) without pulling, then teachers and students are harmonious; Only by encouraging, not forcing, can students feel that learning is a pleasure; Students can only think positively if they are inspired rather than arranged. It can achieve harmony between teachers and students, make students feel eager to learn and think independently, which can be said to be good at inspiring and inducing.
There are four kinds of mistakes in students' study. Teachers must understand that some people fail in their study because they are greedy, some because they are too narrow-minded, some because they are not convinced, and some because their study can't last long. These four points are caused by students' psychological and intellectual differences. Only by understanding the different psychological characteristics of the educated can teachers help students overcome their shortcomings. The function of education is to let the educated give full play to their advantages and overcome their disadvantages.
People who can sing, let people sing along involuntarily; People who can teach people should induce students to learn from him consciously. Teachers should be simple and clear, concise and perfect, with few examples, but they can explain the problem. Only in this way can students consciously follow him.
Only when a gentleman knows the difficulties and hardships in the most perfect teaching realm can he know the different ideological tendencies and the right and wrong teaching methods in the teaching process, and can he inspire and induce students flexibly in many aspects. Only by inspiring and inducing in many ways can you become a good teacher. Being an official can be a good teacher, and being an official can be a gentleman. Therefore, to be a teacher is to become a monarch by learning. For this reason, we must choose our teachers carefully. The ancient book says: "the ancient king only respected the teacher." That's the truth!
Strict teachers are valuable to all the keys to learning. A teacher must pay strict attention to what he teaches. The king of the world can respect the teacher and let the people concentrate on their studies. Therefore, there are two kinds of courtiers that the king does not treat courtiers well: one is that he is a god in sacrifice and does not treat courtiers well; The second is a teacher who doesn't treat each other as servants. According to the etiquette system, although (these two kinds of people) are summoned by the emperor, they can be exempted from the etiquette of appearing before the king, which is a respect for teachers and Taoism.
People who can learn can make teachers work hard to get good grades and be grateful to teachers; People who can't learn, even if the teacher is very diligent and has little effect, will still blame the teacher. People who can ask questions, just like carpenters chopping wood, start from the easy place first, and then cut the difficult knot (ask the easy questions first, then ask the difficult questions), so that the problems will be solved; People who can't ask questions are the opposite. Those who can deal with questions should answer them in a targeted way, like ringing a bell, with small force, small bell, strong force, ringing bell, and ring calmly, leaving the questioner time for full memory and digestion; People who can't answer questions are just the opposite. These are about teaching methods.
You can't be a good teacher with only a little knowledge of backrest, but you must be ready to answer students' questions at any time. If students can't ask questions, they should be guided and inspired; After talking to him, I still can't understand it, so let's put it aside for the time being.
If you want to learn from his father's superb craftsmanship, the son of an outstanding metallurgist must first learn to sew fur coats; The son of a clever archer must first learn to weave a dustpan, and the person who trains the pony to pull the cart will turn around and let the horse follow the car. Only when a gentleman understands these three situations (from easy to difficult, from shallow to deep, from repeated practice to step by step) can he do a good job in teaching and succeed in his career.
People who studied in ancient times were able to compare similar things and draw inferences. Drum is not equal to pentatonic, and there is no harmony without drum sound in pentatonic; Water is not the same as five colors, but five colors cannot be bright and pleasing to the eye without water; Learning is not the same as the five senses, but the five senses cannot be cured without learning and training; A teacher is not the same as a relative of Wufu, but without the teacher's teaching, people can't understand the intimate relationship of Wufu.
The gentleman said that a highly respected person is not limited to holding a certain official position; The laws of the universe apply not only to that one thing; A very loyal person does not need to swear before trusting him; People who adapt to the times must not stick to the rules. If you understand these four points, you will understand the fundamental truth. When the three ancient kings offered sacrifices to rivers, they all offered sacrifices to rivers first, and then to the sea. This is because the river is the source of water and the ocean is the destination of water. This is the problem!