1. Assist Liu Bei to establish and stabilize Shu Han;
2. The development of internal affairs has promoted the economic and social development of Sichuan;
3. Conquer the southwest and formulate the first successful minority policy in the history of China.
The following is a detailed introduction.
First, calligraphy:
Zhuge Liang lived in an era when China's calligraphy art was maturing. Four years before his birth, Emperor Gaozu Xi Ping was six years old (AD 177), and he first called calligraphy. This marks the formal distance between "writing" as a communication tool and "calligraphy" as a unity of aesthetics and practicality, and makes the latter gradually develop into a unique art-calligraphy art. At this time, Han Li has become the dominant font with unique style, and at the same time, it has created cursive script, running script and regular script, making the five forms of seal, official script, grass, line and script basically complete.
Zhuge Liang loves calligraphy; I was trained hard when I was young, and I could write all kinds of fonts. I am good at seal script, eight-part essay and cursive script. Southern dynasties? Liang Tao Hongjing is a great calligrapher. His "Sword Record" records: "In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (AD 22 1 year), there were eight swords made of gold, Niu Shan iron and cast iron, each three feet and six inches ... This is where Kong Ming wrote." . Li Yu's "Gu Ding Lu" records: "Zhuge Liang killed Xinmeile Co., Ltd. and decided to build a tripod and bury it in Hanchuan. Its text says: Ding Dingjun. He also made eight arrays of ding, which sank in Yong 'an water, all of which were big seals. " "In the second year of Zhangwu (AD 222), Hanchuan cast a tripod, named Hank tripod, set point C, and wrote an eight-point book ... another tripod was cast in Wudan Mountain in Chengdu, named Zen tripod; Another tripod was cast in Jianshan Pass, named Jianshan tripod. There is also Xiaoyan, which is the trace of Wuhou. " "In the third year of Zhangwu (AD 223), it was originally meant to be two tripods, one with the king of Lu, and the text said,' Richness and splendor are the best for princes. One of them wrote with King Liang: "He who is lucky should be king." There are also ancient official scripts, three feet high, which are all traces of Wuhou. "In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhou Yue's" Ancient and Modern Law Bookstore "also recorded:" Master Shu tasted three Ding, all of which were eight points in the seal of Wuhou, which was wonderful. "。
The above records are credible, especially in the Southern Dynasties, when Tao Hongjing was only 200 years away from Zhuge Liang. His story and narrative should be based on facts. Song Huizong Xuanhe Neifu Xuanhe Pu Shu (volume 13) records that Zhuge Liang is good at painting and likes to write cursive script. Although he was not summoned by books, his body will be treasured. " He also said: "The cursive script in the palace today is" Yuan Yi Tie "." This shows that at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D.119-1125), there were still Zhuge Liang's calligraphy works in the palace. Chen Si's "Letters and Slips" in the Southern Song Dynasty recorded that Zhuge Liang was "good at making seals". There are words like' Xuan Mo Tai Chi, a mixture of Yin and Yang' in this law post, which is unusual. "
Since the Song Dynasty, predecessors' masterpieces have been engraved and circulated, called "Fa Tie". This record shows that in the Song Dynasty, Zhuge Liang's calligraphy works were popular all over the world as "calligraphy posts" with exemplary significance. Zhuge Liang never forgot calligraphy in his busy government affairs and military activities. According to Changde County Records, "Wolong Mo Chi is located in Wolong Temple, 30 miles west of Yuanjiang County. According to legend, Zhuge Wuhou of the Han Dynasty washed ink in this temple because of its name. " We know that Zhuge Liang's activities in Changde area were after Battle of Red Cliffs, and the war was very tense and frequent, but he still did not forget to kill time in the pool.
Unfortunately, we can't see the original calligraphy yet, so we can only hope for archaeological discoveries.
Second, painting:
In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Yanyuan wrote in the Book of Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties: "Zhuge Wuhou and his son are both good at painting." Zhang Yanyuan also recorded the collection and sale of paintings at that time in his book On Painting. He said: "Today is divided into three ancient times to determine the nobility and inferiority, and the Han and Wei dynasties are ancient, so Cai Yong, Zhang Heng, Cao Mao, Huan Fan, Xu Miao, Cao Buxing and Zhuge Liang are also." Painters in Jin and Song Dynasties are regarded as the Middle Ages, painters in Qi, Liang, Chen, Hou Zhou and Northern Qi Dynasties are regarded as the next generation, and painters in Sui and early Tang Dynasties are called the modern generation. The price of modern painters' works is similar to that of lower ancient painters' works, and the price of upper ancient painters' works is the highest.
Zhang Yanyuan described the painting prices of some modern painters at that time, such as Yan Liben and Wu Daozi: "A screen is worth 20,000 yuan, and a threshold is worth 15,000 yuan." "A screen is worth ten thousand yuan." He also said that the works of painters in the Han and Wei dynasties (that is, ancient times) were already "treasures of the country" and "treasures of the future" in the Tang Dynasty. Zhang Yanyuan (born on August15) was born in a prime minister's family, and his collection of famous calligraphy and painting is very rich. His Records of Famous Paintings in Past Dynasties is known as the "father of painting history", and his records and discussions have always been credible and rare historical materials in the history of painting in China. From his account, we can generally see Zhuge Liang's historical position and artistic achievements in the history of fine arts in China. In the Records of Huayang Country, Chang Jiaqu, a historian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, recorded: "In South China, the custom is to levy witches and ghosts, and to curse the alliance for goodness, so officials often desire it by cursing the alliance. Zhuge Liang made a map for foreigners. First, he drew the Great Wall House of heaven, earth, sun, moon and monarch, and then he drew the dragon, which gave birth to foreigners, cows, horses and camels. After the painting company officer, riding a horse, patrolling the T-shirt. I also painted the image of Yi Morning Glory, bearing the wine and gold, in order to give it to Yi, which is very heavy. " He also wrote: "Yongchang County, an ancient country of mourning and imprisonment ... has been divided into Xiao Wang for generations, often living in cities and scattered in valleys. The land is desolate and the mountains and rivers are deep. Since the birth of the people, China has never been known, and Kunming in the south is the ancestor. So Zhuge Liang made a map. " As can be seen from the above two paragraphs, Zhuge Liang does have extraordinary talent for painting. His paintings are based on real life (such as the life of ethnic minorities in central and southern China) and have magical and rich imagination (such as dragons), with magnificent composition and vast scenes.
Zhuge Liang can not only draw the heavens, the earth, the sun and the moon, but also draw all kinds of buildings, horses and chariots, animals and people. Painters who can master such comprehensive painting skills are rare in the history of painting in China. At the same time, it can be seen that Zhuge Liang's painting is by no means out of personal leisure, and his painting art always serves his political and military purposes.
Third, music articles:
Zhuge Liang is proficient in temperament, likes playing the piano and singing, and has a high musical accomplishment.
This aspect is described in ancient books. Chen shou's reflection? Zhuge Liang Biography records: "Xuanzu, Ming and devoted himself to cultivating Long Mu to sing for Fu Liang." Xi Chishao's Old Records of Xiangyang: "Xiangyang has Kongming's former residence ... The mountain on the west side of the house is near the water, and Kongming often climbs it. This drum instrument is called "Fu Liang's Song", because this mountain is called Leshan and of course the song of Wolong, which is really a swan song. "Zhongxing Bibliography" records: "Qin Jing is a volume, Zhuge Liang wrote the beginning of making a piano and the sound of seven strings, and the thirteen emblems took pictures." Xie's On Qin also recorded: "Zhuge Liang wrote Fu Liangyin." "Geographical Records" records: "There is a stone harp in Wuhou Temple in Dingjun Mountain, which is very clear and it is said that it was left by Wuhou. "From the above records, it is enough to see that Zhuge Liang has a very comprehensive accomplishment and great artistic achievements in music. He is good at vocal music-he can sing; Also good at instrumental music-good at playing the piano; At the same time, he also composed music and lyrics, and made musical instruments-lyre and Qin Shi. Not only that, he also wrote a monograph on music theory-Qin Jing.
Pre-model
Before the first emperor started his business, the Middle Road collapsed (Cú); Today's three points, Yizhou exhausted disadvantages, this is also the key autumn. However, the minister of the guard was obsessed with the inside, but his ambition of loyalty was forgotten outside: Gai Zhui met the former emperor and wanted to report to your majesty. If you are sincere, you should listen to the holy spirit, with the light of the legacy of the first emperor and the spirit of the people; It is not advisable to sell yourself short, quote nonsense, and block the road of loyal advice.
In the palace, everything is one; Φ (straight) punish Zang (zāng) or not punish Zang (pǐ), which should not be the same; If there are criminals, they should be rewarded by the Ministry for their loyalty and kindness to show your understanding; Selfishness is not desirable, so there is a difference between inside and outside.
Assistant ministers Shi Zhong,,,, etc. , are kind and upright, are loyal and pure. They are based on the legacy of the former emperor. Your Majesty: I think that there is no big or small thing in the palace. I will learn from it and implement it again, which will certainly help (b) fill the gap.
Xiang Chong, a general, has a good personality and fluent military style. He tried it in the past, and the former emperors called it energy, which was based on open discussion and elevation. Foolish people think that knowing what happened in the camp, consulting, will certainly make the front line (háng zhèn) harmonious, and the advantages and disadvantages will be discovered.
Pro-sages, far villains, this first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since. When the first emperor was still alive, every time I talked to the minister about it, I always sighed and hated Yu Huan and Ling Ye! Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, joined the army. I know that I am a virtuous and dying minister. I hope your majesty will be close to me, and the prosperity of the Han dynasty can be counted.
I was dressed in cloth and devoted myself to Nanyang. I risked my life in troubled times and didn't ask Wen Da to be a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation (wěi) was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and asked them about worldly matters, so he was grateful and promised the first emperor to drive him away. After the boat capsized, I was appointed as the defeated army and was ordered to face danger. I have been here for twenty years.
The first emperor knew that I was cautious, and just when I was about to collapse, he sent a minister to attend a big event. Since taking office, he has been sighing at night, fearing that the entrustment will not work, so as to hurt the understanding of the first emperor; So crossing the Luzhou River in May, nothing grows. Today, the south has been decided, and it is sufficient. Given by the three armies, the Central Plains decided in the north, and the people were tired and busy (R M NG) eliminating traitors, rejuvenating the Han Dynasty, and returning to the old capital: this minister was therefore loyal to his Majesty and the first emperor. As for profit and loss, if you keep your word, you will be willing to do so.
May your majesty entrust the minister with the effect of bringing back the dead, and if it doesn't work, punish the minister and tell the spirit of the first emperor; If there is nothing to praise, you should blame you zhi, yi, yun and others for their dullness to show their blame (auspicious) Your majesty also demands himself, and asks others (Z not u) to be kind, to observe words and deeds, and to pursue the posthumous edict of the former emperor. I am very grateful! Stay away from it today, crying, I don't know what to say.
Post model
The first emperor was worried about the Han thief and was not partial, so he asked me to ask the thief. With the knowledge of the first emperor, we can measure the talents of ministers, so we know that if I cut thieves, the enemy will be weak and the enemy will be strong. If we don't kill the thief, Wang Ye will die. But sitting still, which one is it? That's why I became suspicious. On the day I was ordered, I was restless and unwilling to eat; Thinking about the Northern Expedition, we should enter the south first: therefore, we crossed Luzhou in May, went deep into the barren land, and had a solar eclipse. -I have to cherish myself: Gu can't be partial to the capital of Shu, so he took risks and served the legacy of my late emperor. The discussant called it unplanned. Now thieves hate the west and serve the east. Sun Tzu's Art of War: It is also the time to advance. I sincerely wish Chen Qi:
Emperor Gao Ming and the sun and the moon, the adviser is deep, but the danger is made, and the danger is safe; Now your majesty is not as good as the emperor, and the adviser is not as good as him, but he wants to win with a long-term strategy and settle the world: this minister has not solved a thing. Liu you and Wang lang, each according to the state and county, talk about the plan, move the sage, and the ministers are suspicious and difficult to stuff; No war this year, no conscription next year, let Sun Ce take the big seat, and then we will join Jiangdong: this minister has not solved the second problem. Cao Cao's wisdom is not available to others. He imitates Sun and Wu with his soldiers. But he was trapped in Nanyang, dangerous in Wuchao, dangerous in Qilian, forced to Liyang, defeated the mountain several times, almost died in Tongguan, and then took a vacation for a while; The minister is weak, but he must be determined to keep up with the crisis: this minister has not solved three problems. Cao Cao couldn't conquer Changba five times, but he couldn't cross Chaohu Lake four times. He appointed Li Fu and Li Fu to work out, and appointed Xiahou and Xia Houdun, who lost. Every time the late emperor called Cao Cao a capable person, it was still a loss. How can I win under the minister's crossbow? The minister failed to solve four problems. Since I arrived in Hanzhong, I have lost Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Li Ding, Bai Shou, Liu He and Deng Tong. There are more than 70 people driving long chariots, and all of a sudden 1000 people are riding on the mountain. This is all within a few decades, the quartet elite is not owned by one country; If it is a plural year, it will cost two thirds. -Why should I plan the enemy? The minister failed to solve five problems. Today, the people are poor and tired, and they are in Fukashi; If things can't stop, then live and travel, work and pay; Not as good as today's picture, I want to stay in a state with the thief: the minister has not solved six problems.
It is difficult for a husband to make peace, and things are also. Yesterday, the first emperor was defeated in Chu. At this time, Cao Cao clapped his hands and said that the world was settled. The first emperor invaded wuyue in the east, took Ba and Shu in the west, and sent his troops to the north to behead Xia Houdun: this was a mistake, but it was a success in China. -Then Wu Geng violated the alliance, Guan Yu was defeated, Zigui fell, and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor: Everything is so hard to see irreversibility. I try my best to die; As for failure and calling a spade a spade, it is beyond the understanding of the minister.