Dalagni, a transliteration of dharani in Sanskrit, is called "truth" and "knowledge" in Chinese. Free translation means spells and secret words. Dalagni, also known as Zhu Zong, photographed the merits, vows and profound meanings of Buddhism and Bodhisattva in short words. Tantric believes that Dalagni is the secret language of Buddha, Bodhisattva, King Kong or other gods, which flows from the truth of self, and the Buddha can be felt when chanting. Dalagni has always been one of the "five non-translations" in Buddhist scripture translation because of its profound meaning and special effect of harmonious and vibrating voice.
Wang Wei believes that there are nearly 100 kinds of Buddhist scriptures carved in Yuling Underground Palace, mainly Dalagni Sutra. This fully reflects Gan Long's love and obsession with Tibetan Buddhism. She also cited an example: before his death, Qianlong ordered the compilation of the Complete Mantra of the Tripitaka, and Zhuang presided over the selection of people who were familiar with Sanskrit, Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and Tibetan characters, retranslated all the mantras in the Tripitaka in Chinese according to the original Sanskrit, and asked Zhang Jiahutuktu, a famous Buddhist teacher, to make unified corrections. It took 25 years and 38 years in Qianlong, and the project was completed with the strength of the whole country and the talents of the world.
Why should such a huge project be carried out? Wang Wei explained that this was because Qianlong thought that the pronunciation of Dalagni Sutra in China's Tripitaka was inaccurate. The compilation of the Complete Mantra of the Tripitaka is precisely to enable the monks in the Han Dynasty to recite the Tripitaka correctly according to the Tibetan pronunciation.
"According to the records of the Royal Archives, Gan Long was very angry because he was not satisfied with the pronunciation of the Chinese transliteration of the Dalagni spell. The most important thing in Dalagni's translation is to pay attention to the effect of pronunciation, not its own meaning. When the Dalagni Classic spread from India to China and other Asian countries, it was generally transliterated rather than translated freely, which is why Lanza and Sitan existed in China and Japan. In addition, some people say that Gan Long is interested in Tibetan Buddhism for political reasons, mainly to strengthen the rule of Mongols. I think this view is correct. But the underground palace is a very private place. Logically, once closed, it will never be opened again. Therefore, I don't think we should analyze and study the decorative art of Yuling underground palace from a political point of view. " She continued.
Although the coffin of the imperial concubine was badly damaged by dampness, Wang Wei recognized the inscription on the lid. Emperor Qianlong's inner coffin decoration is much more luxurious than his concubine. Unfortunately, she couldn't identify the inscription on the inner coffin, probably because she was badly wet and the photos taken at that time were blurred. Later, the inner coffin was put back into the outer coffin.
"Even so, if I carefully observe the outer coffin, I still find a Tibetan mantra written in gold ink, which is an auspicious ode, meaning that I hope to be happy every day, every night and every day. In areas where Tibetan culture is popular, we can often see Hada made of high-quality silk, which is usually written in the lower part of white Hada. Therefore, we can speculate that writing this passage on the emperor's outer coffin may be equivalent to covering the emperor's coffin with Hada. "
According to "Zhu Pi Memorial", there are 29,464 words of scriptures and 647 words of Sanskrit in Yuling Underground Palace. Under the background of Tibetan culture, Lanza is the font born in Nepal, while under the background of Chinese culture, Sitan is used.
"I came to Ganlongling in 2004, when these scriptures were not recognized. I copied all these scriptures by hand, using a telescope, because some walls are seven or eight meters high and the words on them are not clear. Up to now, 99.8% of the scriptures have been deciphered by me. " Wang Wei said proudly.
General conception of decoration scheme
Why did the underground palace of Qianlong carve so many Rani sutras? Wang Wei believes that the guiding ideology can be divided into three points: the relationship with the funeral of Tibetan Buddhism, the concept of sanctification and virtual stupa.
Dalagni often appears at Buddhist funerals. For example, Dalagni was engraved on the coffin of Liao Dynasty, and Siddhartha's handwriting was written. In the Qing Dynasty, after death, the royal family was usually covered with Dalagni Buddhist scriptures. The design and color of quilts are stipulated in the Qing Code in great detail. Only the emperor can use yellow, and the queen can only use bright yellow.
There are usually three wonderful uses of Dalagni's merits in Buddhist funerals: clearing evil deeds, eliminating disasters and solving problems, and dying in pure land. The Dalagni sutra incantations engraved in the first five couplets of Qianlong underground palace fully meet the requirements of Buddhist funeral.
In addition, there are some very special Dalagni in the underground palace. According to Wang Wei, their function is to sanctify sculptures or buildings.
According to reports, there are two main forms of Dalagni: one is a seed word with only one syllable, just like the seeds of plants, so it is called a seed word; Such as "hum" and "bang"; The other is the Buddhist relic, which symbolizes the teachings of the Buddha, such as Ode to karma. Putting a relic in a sculpture or stupa has the same value as putting a Buddha or bodhisattva in a relic.
-From the Internet.