1. It will never go out of style. First of all, Chinese classical gardens refer to the Chinese landscape garden form represented by private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, royal gardens in the north, and Lingnan gardens. They are unique in the history of garden development in the world and have profoundly influenced the history of human architecture. They are precious historical and cultural heritage for all mankind.
There are generally three classification methods for the classification of Chinese classical gardens:
[According to the selection of garden base sites and development methods]
1. Artificial landscape gardens
It is a type of garden with the highest aesthetic level that emerged when my country's gardening developed to the stage of complete conscious creation.
This type of gardens are built on flat areas, especially in towns. Create a small environment that simulates natural wildness in the urban architectural environment, like a dot of oasis, so it is also called "urban forest".
2. Natural landscape gardens
Generally built in mountainous scenic areas near or in the suburbs of cities and towns, they include landscape gardens, mountain gardens, and waterscape gardens.
The key to building a natural landscape garden is to select the base site. If the site is properly selected, you can obtain the true interest of natural scenery that is far better than that of an artificial landscape garden at a small cost.
[According to the status of the owner and affiliation]
1. Royal Garden
It is a garden specially designed for emperors to rest and enjoy themselves. The ancients said that the whole world is the land of the royal family. From the perspective of the ruling class, the country's mountains and rivers belong to the royal family. Therefore, it is characterized by its grand scale, many real mountains and real waters, and the buildings in the garden are magnificent in color and tall in size. The famous existing royal gardens include the Summer Palace in Beijing, Beihai Park in Beijing, and the Summer Resort in Chengde, Hebei.
It is privately owned by the emperor and the royal family. In ancient books, it is called garden, garden, palace garden, imperial garden, imperial garden, etc.
2. Private gardens
It is a garden for the royal family, princes, officials, wealthy businessmen, etc. to relax. It is characterized by its small scale, so rockeries and water are commonly used, and its buildings are small and exquisite, showing its elegant and pure colors. Existing private gardens include Prince Gong's Mansion in Beijing, Humble Administrator's Garden and Liuyuan Garden in Suzhou, Xiaopangu, Ge Garden and He Garden in Yangzhou, Yu Garden in Shanghai, etc.
It is privately owned by civilian nobles, bureaucrats, and gentry. In ancient books, it is called garden, garden pavilion, garden villa, pool pavilion, mountain pool, mountain villa, villa, thatched cottage, etc.
3. Temple gardens
The auxiliary gardens of Buddhist temples and Taoist temples also include the garden environment of the inner courtyards and peripheral areas of the temples.
[Divided according to the geographical location of the garden]
1. Northern type
Northern gardens are larger in scope due to their vast territory; and because most of them are Baijun is located, so the buildings are magnificent. Due to the limitations of natural meteorological conditions, there are few rivers, lakes, garden stones and evergreen trees. So beauty and beauty are not enough. Representatives of northern gardens are mostly concentrated in Beijing, Xi'an, Luoyang and Kaifeng, especially Beijing.
2. Jiangnan type
The population in the south is denser, so the garden area is smaller; and because there are more rivers, lakes, garden stones, and evergreen trees, the garden scenery is more delicate and exquisite. Due to the above conditions, its characteristics are bright and beautiful, elegant and simple, with deep twists and turns. However, after all, it is small in area and feels a little cramped. Representatives of southern gardens are mostly concentrated in Suzhou, Yangzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi, Shanghai and other places, especially Suzhou and Yangzhou.
3. Lingnan type
Because it is located in the subtropical zone, evergreen all year round, and has many rivers, the gardening conditions are better than those in the north and south. Its obvious characteristics are its tropical scenery and tall and spacious buildings. Existing Lingnan-type gardens include the famous Qinghui Garden in Shunde, Guangdong, and Keyuan Garden in Dongguan. There are also garden scientists who believe that the Lingnan style is different from traditional gardens and call it courtyard.
4. In addition to the three major theme styles, there are also various forms such as Bashu gardens and Western Region gardens.
Secondly, it is worth pointing out that Chinese classical gardens have their own processing methods for some unique design concepts of Eastern and Western gardens; and after integrating their own history, humanities, and geographical characteristics, they also reflect some of its own uniqueness.
1. Nature worship of the unity of man and nature
2. Landscape types that imitate natural landscape patterns
3. Poetic expression techniques
< p>4. Comfortable and pleasant living environment5. Expansion of horizons due to skillful borrowing
6. Step-by-step spatial sequence
7. Small The large visual effect in the middle
8. Euphemistic and implicit emotional expression
This is the culmination of thousands of years of Chinese architectural endeavors. Leaving aside the prevalence of Chinese style in the world today, isn’t China also advocating inheriting and carrying forward traditional culture? Furthermore, from the perspective of the potential artistic content of Chinese classical gardens themselves, and from the perspective of the potential Chinese culture, we should not think that Chinese classical gardens are outdated.
To sum up, I think Chinese classical gardens will never go out of style! ! ! 2. How to inherit Chinese gardens in the past, except for royal gardens, were used by a few literati to cultivate themselves and enjoy themselves. They needed to be exquisite, deep and subtle. Modern gardening is an indispensable function of modern cities. It is oriented to the people and implies the spirit of democracy and openness. So the question changes to another one: Are the spiritual essence and spatial form of traditional Chinese gardens compatible with modern society and modern landscape design ideas? If so, in what ways?
This does not rule out the benefits and possibilities of drawing nutrients from traditional gardens. Moreover, landscape design from the West also emphasizes adding spaces with a certain sense of enclosure and privacy into the overall open space. If you look at the design of Shanghai People's Square, you can realize the consequences of uneven density and unclear levels. But this reflects not only the inappropriateness of abandoning tradition, but also the lack of design skills.
Well-designed gardens, whether Eastern or Western, can benefit people physically and mentally. Landscape, like architecture, should be people-oriented, but at a deeper level, it should guide people and have a subtle effect. The pace of contemporary society is fast, and people's mentality is becoming increasingly impetuous. They do not have time to chew and deepen many things before jumping into the next piece of information that comes to them. Landscape designers should not cater to this phenomenon but should guide people to a higher spiritual level. However, many of them follow the same pattern, plagiarizing only the form but not the intention. Some even make a large number of piles and collages to cater to the vulgar taste of Party A, and even hold high the guise of post-modernism. In the eyes of Chinese people, the characteristics of Western gardens are grand scenes and grandeur. All the information pours into the eyes in an instant, which is dizzying, but after the excitement, there is no aftertaste. However, Chinese classical gardens incorporate various forms of art such as poetry, calligraphy, and painting, which not only elevate the entire garden visually but also artistically. Every visit will be influenced by the mood, weather, and season at that time. And different. I am not against Western gardens. I think Western gardens are worthy of our study, but learning is not plagiarism. On the contrary, Western gardens have also borrowed some practices from Chinese classical gardens, such as the terrace garden of La Villette in France. On the revetment of a calm water surface shaded by green trees, a beautiful poem such as "Beautiful swan lowered your head" was engraved. Although there is no swan, the space left for people's reverie is unlimited. Every tour Everyone will have their own experience in their minds, and the entire plain water surface suddenly becomes gorgeous. Looking at the current landscape of Shanghai, it seems that there are no such imaginative attractions. Therefore, studying Chinese classical gardens is not to embody undemocratic closed courtyards in today's open society. This is not in line with contemporary actual conditions, but classical gardens There are many shining points in gardens, and many design techniques should be applied in modern Chinese garden design. I feel that the focus is not on whether we should learn from the fine traditions of our country’s classical gardens, but on how to learn and what to learn. The design of the area can get the active participation of the users in their lives, rather than passive use or even neglect. Don’t deliberately pursue the profound artistic conception or spatial form in the so-called classical gardens. The current ones should be designed for the new life of modern people. Designs based on this starting point are of course Chinese, but not necessarily classical. Only in this way can we understand why classical private gardens are like this, why royal gardens are like that, and why temple gardens are different from these two?
Our country’s private gardens have reached a state of perfection that is difficult for us to achieve now in exploring the lives of feudal literati. What we need to learn is this kind of intensity in exploring life, from the literati’s character, pursuit, interaction, Entertainment, pomp, etiquette, self-cultivation, and even the darkness of human nature are all involved and expressed. Rather than just imitating its small bridges, water inlets, plaques, tilted and twisted tree trunks, etc. ----I don't deny that there are many "techniques" that we need to study and learn.
Because the urban green space landscape is a complex complex of users, it is no longer possible to reach the depth of our country's classical gardens in terms of individual needs. But that is another kind of life, a brand new life that still needs us to discover and guide. Of course, the design of modern private gardens is another topic. I agree to design with life as the starting point, but to implement ideas on the basis, we need more creative aesthetic qualities, the so-called "craftsmanship". The designs made by different designers are of course different. One of the important reasons is that their knowledge background, understanding of culture, and aesthetic thinking are different. The embarrassment of contemporary Chinese designers is that they have accepted some traditional and Western things, but they have not mastered what they have learned. Naturally, it cannot be used freely. I have seen that when British gardens emerged in Europe, there was also a trend of deliberately imitating Chinese classical gardens. The result can be imagined: it is ridiculously lame. We are facing the same situation now. Therefore, we need to give ourselves some time to grow up with modern Chinese gardening.