The edible part of dried mushrooms accounts for 72%. Every100g of edible part contains water13g, fat1.8g, carbohydrate 54g, crude fiber 7.8g, ash 4.9g, calcium124mg, phosphorus 415mg and vitamin B65433. In addition to the water content of 85-90%, fresh mushrooms also contain crude protein 19.9%, crude fat 4%, soluble nitrogen-free substances 67%, crude fiber 7% and ash 3%. Mushrooms are rich in provitamin D, but little in vitamin C, lacking provitamin A and provitamin A. Lentinus edodes polysaccharide can extract Lentinus edodes.
High helper T cell activity can enhance human humoral immune function. A large number of practices have proved that mushrooms have a wide range of preventive and therapeutic effects on cancer and have been used in clinical treatment. Mushrooms also contain a variety of vitamins and minerals, which play a great role in promoting human metabolism and improving the adaptability of the body. Lentinus edodes can also treat diabetes, tuberculosis, infectious hepatitis and neuritis, and can also be used for dyspepsia, constipation and weight loss. Many ancient books in China record that Lentinus edodes "tonify qi without hunger, cure wind and break blood, benefit stomach and help food". People use it to help induce acne and measles and treat headaches and dizziness. Modern research has proved that lentinan can regulate the activity of T cells with immune function in human body and reduce the ability of methyl cholanthrene to induce tumors. Lentinus edodes has a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells, with the inhibitory rate of 97.5% on mouse sarcoma 180 and 80% on Ehrlich cancer. Lentinus edodes also contains double-stranded RNA, which can induce interferon and has antiviral ability. Lentinus edodes contains water-soluble umami substances, which can be used as food condiments, and its main components are nucleic acid components such as 5'- uridylic acid.
Medicinal value
The main aroma component is bean ketone produced by acid decomposition of Lentinus edodes. Therefore, Lentinus edodes is an important edible and medicinal fungus and condiment for people. The umami component of Lentinus edodes is a water-soluble substance, and its main components are nucleic acid components such as 5'- guanylic acid, 5'-AMP and 5'-UMP, all of which contain about 0.65438 0%. Its flavor component is mainly Lentinus edodes essence produced by acid decomposition of Lentinus edodes. Lentinus edodes contains an anti-tumor component with a molecular weight of 6.5438+0 million, a hypolipidemic component-Lentinus edodes Taisheng, Lentinus edodes adenine and adenine derivatives, and an antiviral component-interferon inducer, which is one of the rare health foods. Mushrooms contain high unsaturated fatty acids, and also contain a lot of ergosterol and mycosterol which can be converted into vitamin D, which has a good effect on strengthening disease resistance, preventing colds and treating diseases. Regular consumption can prevent human body, especially infant mushrooms.
It is beneficial to rickets caused by metabolic disorder of blood phosphorus and blood calcium caused by vitamin D deficiency, and can prevent various mucous membranes and dermatitis of human body. Lentysin contained in Lentinus edodes can prevent arteriosclerosis, lower people's blood pressure and lower serum cholesterol (C8H 1 104N5, C9H 1 103N5) are also isolated from Lentinus edodes. Mushroom ash contains a lot of potassium salt and other mineral elements, which is regarded as an ideal food to prevent acid food poisoning. The carbohydrates in shiitake mushrooms are mostly hemicellulose, and the main components are mannitol, trehalose, trehalose, glucose, pentosan, methyl pentosan and so on. Cytological characteristics (1) The germination of basidiospores does not produce a typical bud tube, but expands to 2-5 times of the original, the spores grow along the long axis, and vacuoles appear inside; When the nucleus divides, the nucleus elongates first, then contracts in the middle, and the nuclear membrane always exists. Basidiospores form mononuclear hyphae on the culture medium. (2) When the conditions of mononuclear hyphae are suitable, the cells at the top of mononuclear hyphae divide repeatedly and stretch forward. When cells divide, the nucleus divides first. Mononuclear hyphae do not have the ability to produce fruiting bodies. (3) After binuclear hyphae combine, the nucleus in one cell migrates to another mushroom.
In a cell, this phenomenon is called conjugation or mass matching. After quality matching, each cell contains two nuclear hyphae, which are called binuclear hyphae. The binuclear hyphae of Lentinus edodes are locked together. Binuclear hyphae can form a large number of fruiting bodies under suitable conditions. (4) Procedure of fruiting body differentiation When the external conditions for fruiting body differentiation and development of Lentinus edodes are met, the mycelium that has reached physiological maturity will enter the knotting stage. At first, the hyphae interweave with each other to form a mycelium mass with a diameter of 0.5- 1.0mm, and then gradually increase, and the inside becomes very dense. When the diameter reaches 1-2mm, it becomes a solid mycelium mass called disk or primordium. Later, it gradually differentiated and expanded to form a commodity fruiting body.