There is a north-south fault zone at the foot of Taiyi Mountain, and a low-lying zone is formed along this line due to excessive subsidence of the crust. About 1 1000 years ago, because the earth entered the late glacial period, the climate became warmer and the sea water rose, and most of the western Jining and the whole North China Plain were submerged in the sea of Wang Yang.
Until about 7500 years ago, the sea began to recede, forming a big lake in the middle of the bare plain, which was called Konosawa in ancient times. Zedong, Xiao Ye has been near Jiaxiang City until now, reaching Wang Nan, Liangshan and Yuncheng in the north and Juye County in the south, namely "Baili Fiona Fang".
At that time, many western rivers flowed into Konosawa, including a relatively large river called Jishui in ancient times. Jishui originated in Kaifeng and Shangqiu, and generally flows northward along the south bank of the Yellow River through Dingtao and Heze, and flows into Onoze. After the river appeared near Liangshan, it flowed through Gushu City, turned to the northeast, and entered the sea through Dong 'e and Jinan.
Wenshui originates in Laishan, Thailand, flows through Tai 'an and Dongping, joins Gujishui in the northeast of Liangshan, and enters the sea with Jishui in the east. Surabaya flows through Luqiao, Nanyang and Yutai in the southeast, turns south, passes through Hu Ling, Peixian East, Liucheng and Xuzhou, and then joins Zhunhe in Huaiyin in the south, and enters the sea in the east.
For thousands of years recorded in history, these two rivers have very stable flow and abundant water resources, which enabled our ancestors to engage in water activities long ago. Sima Qian's "Historical Records of Gong Yu" records "floating in Ji water" (the ship went from Gu Ji water to the northern Luo River and then to the Yellow River), "floating in Huaisi" and "floating in Wensi", that is to say, in the era of Gong Yu, it was already a shipping water network connected with rivers.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, the famous King of Wu, opened a canal (namely the Jianghuai Canal connecting the Yangtze River and Huaihe River). At the request of Lu, 65,438+10,000 troops took a boat from the ditch to the ancient Sishui waterway in Huaiyin, all the way north, and defeated Qi in Ailing, Laiwu. With this experience, the King of Wu opened the Heshui River (that is, the canal from Yutai to Dingtao) in the second year, and once again led the army to Yutai via Gushi Water, then to Dingtao along Heshui River, and then to the upper reaches of Ji Gu, the "Huangchi" in the southwest of Shangqiu today, to compete with the State of Jin for the hegemony of the Central Plains.
During the Qin and Han dynasties, the political center moved westward, and all the above rivers became important waterways to pay tribute to Guanzhong. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yang Di opened the Jiqu and moved the North-South Canal to Kaifeng, with Jining in a secondary position.
During this period, due to the flood of the Yellow River, the landform in the western region has changed. Since the Yellow River burst in Zhangzi (now southwest of Puyang, Henan Province) in the third year of Yuan Guang in Han Dynasty (BC 132), the ground around Heze was generally silted up, most of Konosawa was silted up, and the original water system was completely silted up and disrupted.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, only two hillsides in the northeast corner of Zedong, Xiao Ye and Maodu Lake near Wang Nan were left. At that time, a river was artificially dug (named after the river was 50 feet wide), and after passing through Kaifeng, Cao Ji and Yun, it entered the underwater section to pay tribute to Kyoto (the annual water transport capacity was about 600,000 stones).
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River seized the Huai River, and Zhangwuhe was all silted up. At the same time, Liangshanpo and Maodudian Lake are silted up, leaving only an Anshan sag in the northeast corner of Liangshanpo. Surabaya and Wenshui, two big rivers originating in the eastern mountainous areas, have not changed much. Wenshui still makes a big turn near Dongping and flows northeast along the underwater section of Ji Gu (the underwater section of Jiji was renamed Daqing River, and the name of water collection no longer appears). Surabaya still flows according to the original route, but after the end of the Song Dynasty, the Yellow River seized Surabaya from Xuzhou and entered the Huaihe River, so the ancient Surabaya was changed to the west of Xuzhou and flowed into the Yellow River.
Although the lower reaches of these two rivers are affected by the siltation of the Yellow River to varying degrees, this natural waterway has the advantage of "great river closure, rising tide lifts all boats", so it stubbornly maintains navigation.
After the Yuan Dynasty made Beijing its capital, it diverted to Shandong when the North-South Grand Canal reopened, which made a series of new changes in the geographical water system and natural features of Jining.