Black Sea (blacksea)
The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia, passing through the Bosporus Strait, Sea of ??Marmara, and Dada in the southwest. The Neil Strait, the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea communicate. The countries on the east coast of the Black Sea are Russia and Georgia, the north coast is Ukraine, the south coast is Turkey, and the west coast belongs to Bulgaria and Romania. The Crimean Peninsula extends into the Black Sea from its northern end, and the Kerch Strait at the eastern end of the Black Sea separates the Black Sea from the Sea of ??Azov.
Red Sea
The Red Sea refers to the narrow sea between the Arabian Peninsula and the African continent. It is located between the Arabian Peninsula in Asia and northeastern Africa, and connects to the Gulf of Aden via the Bab el-Mandeb Strait to the south; the northern end is divided into two bays by the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east and the Gulf of Suez to the west, and connects to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal.
Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea borders the Shandong Peninsula and the Subei Plain to the west, the Korean Peninsula to the east, and the Liaodong Peninsula to the north. The Yellow Sea covers an area of ??approximately 400,000 square kilometers, and the deepest point is approximately 140 meters in the southeastern part of the Yellow Sea. Oceanographers are accustomed to dividing the Yellow Sea into the North Yellow Sea and the South Yellow Sea based on its physical geography and other characteristics. The North Yellow Sea refers to the semi-enclosed sea area between the Shandong Peninsula, the Liaodong Peninsula and the Korean Peninsula. The sea area is about 80,000 square kilometers, with an average water depth of 40 meters and a maximum water depth of 86 meters on the southwest side of Baengnyeong Island. The oval semi-enclosed sea area north of the line connecting the Yangtze River Estuary to Jeju Island is called the South Yellow Sea, with a total area of ??more than 300,000 square kilometers. The average water depth of the South Yellow Sea is 45.3 meters, and the maximum water depth is 140 meters on the north side of Jeju Island. The annual variation in water temperature in the Yellow Sea is smaller than that in the Bohai Sea, ranging from 15°C to 24°C. The salinity of the Yellow Sea water is also low, at 32‰.
Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea
One of the largest intercontinental seas in the world. The Mediterranean Sea refers to the vast body of water between Asia, Africa and Europe. It is the largest intercontinental sea in the world. It is about 4,000 kilometers long from east to west, 1,800 kilometers wide from north to south, and covers an area of ??more than 2.5 million square kilometers. Bounded by the Tunis Strait between the Apennine Peninsula, Sicily and Tunisia, it is divided into east and west parts. The average depth is 1,450 meters and the deepest is 5,092 meters. The salinity is relatively high, up to 39.5‰. The earliest Jews and ancient Greeks simply called it "the sea" or "the sea". Because ancient people only knew that this sea was located between three continents, it was called the "Mediterranean Sea". The English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian spellings come from the Latin Mare Mediterraneum, where "medi" means "between", "terra" means "land", and the full name means "the sea in the middle of the land". The name first appeared in ancient books in the 3rd century AD. In the 7th century AD, the Spanish writer Isil first used the Mediterranean as a geographical name.
The three major peninsulas of Southern Europe and islands such as Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica divide the Mediterranean Sea into several small sea areas: the Ligurian Sea, the Tyrrhenian Sea, and the Admiralty Sea. The Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea, the Aegean Sea, etc.
The Mediterranean Sea occupies an important position both in transportation and strategy. It leads to the Atlantic Ocean via the Strait of Gibraltar to the west, the Black Sea via the Turkish Strait to the northeast, and the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean via the Suez Canal to the southeast. It is an important waterway between Europe, Asia and Africa, and an important channel for communication between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Important seaports along the coast include Gibraltar (UK), Marseille (France), Genoa, Naples (Italy), Split, Rijeka (Croatia), Durres (Albania), Algiers (Algeria), Port Said (Egypt) etc.
The Mediterranean climate is unique, with hot and dry summers and warm and humid winters. This climate makes the surrounding rivers full of rain in winter and dry and dry in summer. When German meteorologist K?ppen classified global climate, he specifically classified it as a category called Mediterranean climate.
Although there are many rivers flowing into the Mediterranean, such as the Nile, Rhone, Ebro, etc., because it is in the subtropics, the amount of evaporation is too large, far exceeding the supply of river water and rain. The water revenue of the Mediterranean Sea is not as high as the expenditure. The saltiness of the sea water is much higher than that of the Atlantic Ocean. The water of the Atlantic Ocean flows into the Mediterranean Sea from the upper layer of the Strait of Gibraltar. The high salt water of the Mediterranean Sea flows from the lower layer of the Strait like the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean is large and has sufficient water. The net flow of water into the Mediterranean Sea is a lot, as much as 7,000 cubic meters per second. Without the steady supply of water from the Atlantic Ocean, in about 1,000 years the Mediterranean Sea would dry up and turn into a giant salty depression.
Mediterranean climate
1. The particularity of climate characteristics
The characteristics of the Mediterranean climate are: controlled by the westerly wind belt in winter, frontal cyclone activity is frequent, the climate is mild, the average temperature of the coldest month is between 4 and 10°C, and the precipitation is abundant. In summer, under the control of subtropical high pressure, the airflow sinks, resulting in a hot and dry climate with few clouds and abundant sunshine. The annual precipitation is 300-1000 mm, accounting for about 60%-70% in the winter half of the year and only 30%-40% in the summer half of the year. The climate characteristics of winter rain and summer dryness are unique among various climate types in the world.
2. Typical climate causes
The main causes of the Mediterranean climate are that in winter, it is controlled by the westerly wind belt, with frequent frontal cyclone activity; in summer, it is controlled by the subtropical high pressure belt, and the air flow sinks.
Among the more than ten climate types in the world, among the climate types that are alternately controlled by air pressure belts and wind belts throughout the year, in addition to the Mediterranean climate, there are savanna climates (equatorial low pressure belts and trade wind belts are alternately controlled) and tropical desert climates (information Wind belts and subtropical high pressure belts are alternately controlled). The climate controlled by the westerly winds throughout the year is a temperate maritime climate. The analysis shows that the examination of the causes of the Mediterranean climate not only examines students' understanding of the distribution of the subtropical high pressure belt (the maximum latitude range is 20-40 degrees north and south latitude) and the westerly belt (the maximum latitude range is 30-60 degrees north and south latitude) After grasping the situation, we also examined the movement of air pressure belts and wind belts. It can be said that if students can accurately understand the causes of the Mediterranean climate, it should be easy to understand other climates.
3. The breadth of climate distribution
The distribution pattern of Mediterranean climate is located on the west coast of the continent between 30 and 40 degrees north and south latitude. Mediterranean climate is the only climate type that is found on every continent in the world except Antarctica. Among the areas with a Mediterranean climate, the Mediterranean coast is the most obvious. Other areas include the California coast in North America, central Chile in South America, the Cape of Good Hope region at the southern tip of Africa, and the southwestern coast of Australia. Most of its distribution areas have relatively developed economies and are also hot spots in the world.
What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean Sea
Between the three continents of Asia, Europe and Africa, there is a vast blue water, like a huge water tank, sunken deep into the land. . It is about 4,000 kilometers long from east to west, about 1,800 kilometers at its widest point from north to south, and covers an area of ??about 2.5 million square kilometers. Its average depth is about 1,600 meters, and its deepest point reaches 4,594 meters. This is the largest intercontinental sea in the world - the Mediterranean Sea. .
The Mediterranean Sea is surrounded by mainland except for the two island countries of Malta and Cyprus and some other islands in the sea. Around it, there are 16 countries including Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. In the western part of the Mediterranean Sea, it is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar, which is 14 to 43 kilometers wide and 90 kilometers long. In the northeast, it is connected to the Black Sea by the Dardanelles Strait, the Sea of ??Marmara and the Bosporus Strait. In 1869, the Suez Canal was opened to navigation. The southeastern Mediterranean Sea was connected to the Red Sea through the Suez Canal, and then out of the Indian Ocean through the Red Sea. From then on, from Western Europe to the Indian Ocean, the shortcut through the Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal, and the Red Sea was faster than going around the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa. Saving more than 10,000 kilometers of distance, the Mediterranean has become the busiest sea route in the world. Currently, there are approximately more than 2,000 ships of various types sailing in the Mediterranean every day. About 85% of the oil imported into Western Europe is shipped through the Mediterranean Sea.
The Mediterranean Sea is a transportation hub between Europe, Asia and Africa, and a shortcut between the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, it plays an extremely important position economically, politically and militarily. The Mediterranean has long been a site of contention between great powers. At the beginning of the 18th century, Britain regarded the Mediterranean as its "inner lake". When Napoleon was rampaging across Europe in the early 19th century, he wanted to seize British control of the Mediterranean. During World War I, the Mediterranean became an area of ??active naval activity for both warring parties. During World War II, the German and Italian navies fought fiercely with the British navy in the Mediterranean. Today, Western powers are engaged in an increasingly fierce competition in the Mediterranean. Since World War II, the U.S. Sixth Fleet has been based in the Mediterranean, and naval vessels from some major Western powers have often cruised here, exacerbating tensions. Judging from the number of ships, today’s Mediterranean Sea has become the sea area with the highest density of warships of some Western military powers. In order to protect the country's sovereignty and security, coastal countries have proposed that "the Mediterranean belongs to the Mediterranean countries" and demanded that all fleets and military bases of major military powers withdraw from the Mediterranean.