A Dream of Red Mansions is a world-renowned classic of China classical literature. Through the description of the evolution of the four feudal families of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue from prosperity to decline and the love tragedy of the protagonist Jia Baoyu, this paper depicts a historical picture of China feudal society in the middle of18th century from many angles. As the highest peak of China's classical novels, A Dream of Red Mansions is all-encompassing and profound, which can be said to involve all levels of feudal society at that time. The book gives an in-depth and accurate description of literature, history, philosophy, chess, calligraphy and painting, arts and crafts, romantic games, costumes and banquets, health care medicine, garden architecture and other aspects at that time. No wonder A Dream of Red Mansions was regarded as a hologram of feudal society in China at that time.
Jia Fu in the book is a concentrated expression of the planning and layout of China classical architecture, which embodies the planning and layout principles of China classical architecture mansion and superb techniques of garden design. In particular, the magical and charming fairyland "Grand View Garden" has aroused people's great interest in exploration. Therefore, since The Dream of Red Mansions came out, the number of researchers has been increasing for more than 200 years. It is speculated that the investigators have endured it for a long time, and they are interested in tracing back to the source, and people who write and draw are also happy. In particular, the Grand View Garden depicted in the book is ingenious and lifelike. Although it is not a specific classical garden, the "garden" in the "dream" is more elegant, beautiful and ideal than any garden in reality. The author tries to show the architectural image reflected in the book in the form of images from the architectural level of A Dream of Red Mansions, so as to accurately and vividly show the magnificent and elegant garden in the book to readers.
Readers who have read A Dream of Red Mansions know that the stories in A Dream of Red Mansions mainly take place in the Grand View Garden of Jiafu. The Grand View Garden is an organic part of Jiafu. Not only its architecture is closely related to the whole Jia family, but also the daily life and many events of the people in the garden are closely related to the whole Jia family. Therefore, when expressing the layout of the Grand View Garden, we must consider the layout of the whole Jiafu at the same time, so as to accurately reflect the whole picture of the Grand View Garden. Let's start with the layout of Jia Mansion. Because the description of Jiafu Courtyard in the book is exquisite, vivid and accurate, and there are many places where everyone has become a * * * knowledge, limited by the length of this article, I won't discuss it below, just make a general introduction. For the controversial and difficult places, the author puts forward his own opinions according to his own understanding and analysis:
A Dream of Red Mansions, with its gorgeous literary language, shaped the typical image of China classical gardens-Grand View Garden. The Grand View Garden is a great realist writer, Cao Xueqin. On the basis of summarizing the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the imperial home forest at that time, he provided an artistic stage for the activities of the figures in the Red Chamber and created a paradise. The garden design techniques of Grand View Garden have had a far-reaching impact on the garden construction of later generations. For such a fictional "literary garden" in the novel, it should be said that it is very meaningful to do some discussion, find out the relationship between buildings, courtyards and scenic spots in the Grand View Garden, and draw a picture to show it as an image. Here, the author will show the architectural image of this "Xanadu"-Grand View Garden in an illustrated way, which is believed to be helpful for readers to read and understand and deeply understand the essence of the creation of A Dream of Red Mansions.
1. The purpose of Grand View Garden: Grand View Garden is different from ordinary private gardens. It is a palace villa built for the imperial concubine to visit relatives. The book says, "Anyone who has a heavy house can stay outside the defense, so please invite the imperial palace to enter his private parts, so that he can feel a little bit of flesh and blood and be the most natural at home." (the sixteenth time), this sentence clearly pointed out the purpose of the construction of the Grand View Garden-a palace built for Jia Fei's mothering.
2. The construction process of the Grand View Garden: A Dream of Red Mansions began to build the Grand View Garden in the sixteenth cycle and was completed in the seventeenth cycle. There is a detailed description in the book: "It has been agreed to start from the East District, start from the Dongfuli Garden, turn north, measure accurately, and build a provincial home in three and a half miles ... but this idea is easy and easy to build. It would be even more troublesome to shoot elsewhere, and it would be indecent ... Jia Lian gets up early every time. Investigate the land of the two houses, draw the temple of mothering in the province, and deal with the people at the same time. Since then, craftsmen from all walks of life have gathered together to carry and transfer gold, silver, copper, tin and civil bricks and tiles. Schilling craftsmen tore down the walls and pavilions of Ningfuhui, and directly entered the East Courtyard of Fu Rong. All the houses in the area east of Fu Rong have been demolished. When the second house in Rongning is called, although there is an impassable hutong, this hutong is also private. Therefore, it can be connected. Fang Hui Garden originally attracted a stream of water from the North Point wall, but it is not annoying to introduce it again today. Although its rocks and trees are not enough, Jia She lives in the old Fu Rong Garden, where bamboo trees, rocks and pavilions and railings can be moved. Therefore, the distance between the two places is very close, so we can get together to save a lot of financial resources, and the vertical is not enough, and the increase is limited. Fortunately, there is an old Ming official's name, called Shan, a. These paragraphs introduce the scale, orientation and construction process of Jiafu Grand View Garden in detail. For the size of the Grand View Garden, many articles have discussed it in detail before, so I won't go into details here. Among many opinions about the garden site, the author agrees that the description of the area of the Grand View Garden "three and a half miles" refers to the representative area of the total length around the Grand View Garden, but according to the description of the Grand View Garden in the book, the Grand View Garden is not huge and boundless, and the various courtyards in the garden are only in a corner. But it was handled skillfully, and people saw its thousands of mountains and rivers, and suddenly they didn't know what to do. The so-called understanding means that you don't care about distance. Generally, one mountain and one water, one tree and one stone are interspersed with people and ears "(fat batch).
The location of the Grand View Garden should be in the second half of Ning and Fu, which is formed by making full use of the east courtyard of Fu and the west half of Fu. Ji Cheng wrote in "Gardening and Metallurgy" that "the old garden is beautifully renovated, and the natural old trees are full of flowers". The construction of Grand View Garden is a reconstruction project using the existing garden courtyard. The beauty of this is that it saves time and effort, and it can make full use of the existing conditions and adapt to local conditions, so it can be said that the site selection and construction of the Grand View Garden is very ingenious and successful. Press: Analysis of Difficulties: Aunt Xue moved to a quiet house in the northeast. After Xue Jiake lived in Jiafu, he lived in pear fragrance court, the northeast corner of Guo Rongfu. Lixiangyuan is located in the northeast corner of Guo Rong Building, and there is a backstreet behind it. You can go in and out freely without going through Guo Rong Building. That's for sure. When the Grand View Garden was completed, Aunt Xue "moved to a secluded house in the northeast, and pear fragrance court had already moved out and repaired it, so that teachers could teach female drama here". The location of this "Northeast Quiet House" in Guo Rongfu has always been controversial, especially when planning Jiafu Courtyard. The word "Shang" in "Northeast Shang" cannot be understood as "Shang" here, but should be understood as "orientation", that is, "northeast direction". For example, back to the thirteenth time, "when Xifeng wanted to ask questions, she heard the cloud board on the second door knock four times." On the seventy-eighth turn, Baochai said, "It was for me that I was in the garden and the southeast corner was always open." It can be seen that the word "Shang" here is a function word indicating orientation. Therefore, the phrase "northeast" should be understood as "a certain area in the northeast of Rongguofu.
So where is this mysterious residence? There is no direct expression in the book, but we can still find some information from the description in the book. On the fifty-ninth occasion, Lady Jia and Lady Wang sent the spirits. The book says, "Except for Mrs. Wang's big house, the east and west corner gates in the garden are often the entrance for his sister to go in and out. The east corner gate is connected to Aunt Xue, and the others are locked. These two doors are in the inner court, so there is no need to lock them. It is clearly pointed out here that there is a corner gate on the east side of the Grand View Garden that leads directly to Aunt Xue's house. Literally, it can never be understood as the east corner gate of the "northeast quiet courtyard" where the Xue family lives, but there is something strange. If the east corner gate of the Grand View Garden leads to the Xue family, Xue Zhai should be on the east side of the Grand View Garden. As we all know, the Grand View Garden is a combination of the East Courtyard of Guo Rongfu and the West Courtyard of Fanghui Garden of Ningguo House. If Xue Zhai was on the east side of the Grand View Garden, wouldn't he have gone to Ningguo Mansion? It really makes no sense. In order to avoid this phenomenon, some Jiafu courtyard plans arrange Xue Zhai in the northwest corner of Guo Rongfu, and explain that this "East Gate" is the East Gate of Xue Zhai, not the East Gate of Grand View Garden. However, if we carefully proofread the description in the book according to this layout, there are indeed contradictions. The thirty-fourth time, Xue Baochai was angry with her brother at Aunt Xue's place, and returned to Wu Hengyuan and cried all night. The next day, I came out of Wu Hengyuan, went to Xue Zhai, met Aunt Xue, and met Baoyu in the garden. This morning, Lin Daiyu stood under the shade of flowers near Hongyi Garden. Hongyi Garden is in the southeast of Grand View Garden. Just then, Xue Baochai came from Wu Hengyuan, north of the Grand View Garden, and met Dai Yu standing in the shade of flowers. It can be seen that Baochai went from north to southeast. In the seventy-eighth chapter of the book, there is also a passage like this: "Three selves are in the garden, and the small southeast corner door is always open. It was originally for me. People who can't get in and out go there to save the road, and no one checks it. If something comes from there, it won't interfere with their faces. " To be sure, the Xue family is in the southeast of the Grand View Garden. So where is this mysterious Xue Zhai located in the northeast of Guo Rongfu and southeast of Daguan Garden? The following general plan of Jiafu Grand View Garden gives an explanation. It is located in the northeast of Mrs. Wang's Courtyard and Jia She's Courtyard of Guo Rongfu, the southeast of Grand View Garden and the east of the main entrance of Grand View Garden. This location is just near the private path between Rongning Mansions, and the Xue family can often go in and out freely without crossing Fu Rong. Therefore, judging from the positioning and daily activities of Xue Zhai after Yue Yue, this arrangement is reasonable. Then some people may ask, when the Grand View Garden was built, didn't it also use part of the old garden where Guo Rongfu and Jia She lived? If Xue Zhai was built in this position, it happened to be stuck between the Grand View Garden and the old Fu Rongyuan, so how could the Grand View Garden use the old Fu Rongyuan?
For this problem, we will carefully read the book about the construction process of the Grand View Garden. "Since then, craftsmen from all walks of life have gathered together, and gold, silver, copper and tin, civil bricks and tiles have been shipped without rest. Schilling craftsmen have demolished the walls and castles of Ningfu Club Fiona Fang and directly entered the East Yard of Fu Rong. All the inferior houses in the east of Fu Rong were demolished. When it is called the second home in Rongning, although there is an alley, it is also a private place, not an official one. Therefore, it can be connected. Fang Hui Garden originally attracted a stream of water from the North Point wall, but it is not annoying to introduce it again today. Although its rocks and trees are not enough, Jia She lives in the old Fu Rong Garden, where bamboo trees, rocks and pavilions and railings can be moved. Therefore, the two places are very close, and they can save a lot of money together. The vertical direction is not enough and the addition is limited. " From this description, we can see that the Grand View Garden was formed by removing the boundary wall on the west side of Fanghui Garden in Ningguo Mansion and merging with the East Courtyard of Guorong Mansion, but did not remove the courtyard wall of the old Fu Rongyuan where Jia She lived. As can be seen from the following, after the completion of the Grand View Garden, Jia She still lived in the old Fu Rongyuan and did not move away. It can be seen that when the Grand View Garden was built, some bamboo trees, rocks, pavilions and railings in Jia She's courtyard could only be misappropriated, and Jia She's courtyard was not incorporated into the Grand View Garden.