In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a "shadow mountain culture" in southern Guizhou and a "beach culture" in northern Guizhou, both of which were inseparable from the Mo family represented by Mo Youzhi. Mo family can achieve this remarkable achievement, which is inseparable from the good family style of Mo family.
Mo family style has a long history. According to his father Mo, Professor Wen Hanlin Academy of Qing Dynasty, Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province, Zunyi Prefecture, Guizhou Province, his great-grandfather Mo Jia was proficient in business ethics and had a good reputation in Dushan, so he was elected as a township contract. Mo Jianeng doesn't know much about literacy, but he attaches great importance to education and invites famous teachers to run schools. After entering school, Mo Youzhi's grandfather, Mo Qiang, devoted his life to the education in his hometown and won the respect of the villagers because he failed to take the provincial examination. Mo Youzhi's father, Mo Yuzhuo, was an imperial examiner during the Wuwu period of Jiaqing. The following year, he was admitted to imperial academy and elected as Jishi Shu. After the closure of the Hanlin Academy, Mo and Zhuo went to Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province as the magistrate. During their tenure in Yanyuan County, Mo and Zhuo were loyal to their duties and people-oriented. 1804, Mo Youzhi's grandfather died, and his father Mo Yuzhuo returned to his hometown Dushan from Sichuan. After the expiration of the mourning period, Mo and Zhuo set up a library in their hometown as apprentices and no longer held official positions. Until 182 1 year, Mo Hezhuo volunteered to be transferred to a poor teaching post. From 65438 to 0823, Mo was appointed as a professor in Zunyi. He worked hard for the education in northern Guizhou for 19 years, and trained famous scholars such as Zhengzhen and Mo Youzhi. In the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang, Mo Youzhi ordered Chen Jia's family rules, the first of which was "service". Occupation is not necessarily, each can do his best to see where he lives. "
This is a requirement for future generations and a summary of Mo Hao's family style. Guan Mo's ancestors, whether in the army, business, politics or teaching, tried their best to stay in their present position. Mo's virtuous mother and dutiful son. According to the "Tomb Table of Zhang Tairu, the Great Mother in the Early Period", when educating her sons Mo and Zhuo, her grandmother compared growing vegetables with herself, pointing out that it takes a little effort to harvest vegetables, while farming, like reading and learning, is difficult to harvest with a little negligence and slack. Mo Yuhou's "striving for classics and being good at learning Confucianism" is not unrelated to his mother's example. Before Mo Hezhuo went to Sichuan to be an official, his mother warned him again, hoping that he would think more about the sufferings of the people and be a good official serving the country, without asking for anything else. Mo Youzhi's father Mo Yuzhuo and his mother Li Ru are the most filial people. After Mo and Tuo resigned from their posts and went back to their hometown to bury their father Jianxinggong, because their mother Zhang Tairu was over 70 years old and often suffered from stomach trouble, they applied to the court to support her, saying, "I can't take care of my husband first, which is the first unfilial thing for outsiders. Ten years is too much. Pay more and the crime will be alleviated." So he worked diligently for his mother for fourteen years until her death. Mo Youzhi's mother Li Ruren is her father's wing room, but she is very filial to her grandmother Zhang Tairu. According to Mo Youzhi's "Clear Old Cases, Give Confucians a Way Out", her grandmother had stomach trouble for more than ten years from time to time after she was seventy years old. Her mother often stays up late to serve, and she often can't sleep because of the pain. She woke up at night and groaned for more than ten times, with her mother beside her. She is not only filial to her elders, but also Mo Youzhi's mother loves her children and treats them as if they were her own. Besides, she is kind to her slaves and likes to give them to the poor.
Mo Youzhi's grandparents and father are hardworking and thrifty. According to Mo Youzhi's "Family Rules of Chen Jia", my father and brother followed my uncle to study in Wengqi Village, firewood and water to cook, and did everything, then went home to plow and graze. When Mo Yuzhuo was in Zunyi Department, he personally pulled weeds on the courtyard steps when he was free. Mrs. Zhang Tairu, Mo Youzhi's grandmother, spun and wove, cooked and watered the flowers herself, and kept the console table at home clean without any dust. Tomoko's mother, Mrs. Tang Tairu and Mrs. Li Tairu, are very hardworking, and all Tomoko's sisters-in-law have also inherited their grandmother's legacy. When Mo Yuzhuo didn't come to Zunyi, his family conditions were not bad. At that time, Mo Youzhi was the only one studying at home. Mo Youzhi wanted to buy a set of Notes to the Book of Rites and Notes to Four Books, but his father said, "These two sections are straight and difficult to do." Later, I found an old book that others had read and discarded at home and Ziquan Academy, so I stopped buying it. At that time, Mo Youzhi only used three or four pens, one or two pieces of ink and a hundred pieces of paper every year, but he still felt that it was not easy to get them. So he couldn't bear to throw away the pen. The paper had been written perfectly and was still being written. According to Mo Youzhi's Tomb Watch of My Mother Zhang Tairu, his grandmother Zhang Tairu personally weaved, cooked, washed clothes and cleaned the courtyard, and had no leisure for a moment. In his later years, he was still very frugal, wearing simple clothes all his life, but very neat. According to Mo Youzhi's "An Old Case in the Qing Dynasty, Teaching Confucians to Show His Mother Marotta's Journey", Marotta, the mother of Youzhi, also wears cloth all year round, but pays great attention to dressing neatly.
In addition to the traditional filial piety and diligence, the family style of the Mo family also has a typical feature: love of books, eagerness to learn and commitment to education. Mojia was able to invest in extending mentoring education, creating a good school and study atmosphere in rabbit farm and Dushan area, which not only benefited their children, but also trained a group of talents for the local area. Mo Qiang, a hiking official, runs a library to teach students and engage in lifelong education. When Mo Zhuo, his father, returned home to support his mother, Yu Yingshan Caotang taught students and their children, and set up a museum in Bazhai Hall, which used to be martial, and the atmosphere changed greatly from then on. Later, Mo and Zhuo "gave lectures at Ziquan Academy". This is a pioneering work in remote and backward Guizhou. After his mother's death, Mo and Zhuo decided to abandon politics and teach Zunyi House 19 years until his death. Under his painstaking cultivation, Zhengzhen and Mo Youzhi finally became a generation of talents, and were called "Zheng Mo" and "Southwestern Scholars".
After the death of Mo and Zhuo, his son, listening to him, listening to him, his later life and his nephew successively inherited Mo's fine family style. Mo Youzhi was very talented and could read at the age of three. At the age of seven, he recited Hui Yuan's sentence "There is still a shadow outside the bamboo" and asked his father to name the thatched cottage where his younger brother studied as "Yingshan thatched cottage". After Mo's death, he followed his father as the dean of Xiangchuan College and Peiying College in Zunyi for 17 years. In addition, he devoted himself to studying the classics, history, books, collections, characters and phonology of the motherland, as well as the research of agricultural technology, epigraphy, calligraphy and painting, catalogue and edition, and made outstanding achievements in many academic fields. Mo Youzhi loved books all his life, preferring to collect them. According to his brother Mo Xiangzhi's Notes on Mr. Wen's Pavilion in Qing Dynasty, he was a good collector all his life. Every time he sees exquisite Qin, Han, Sui and Tang books and inscriptions, he must buy them. So, there are books everywhere where he lives. "There are few empty beds." Li Shuchang also wrote in his biography for Mo Youzhi that Mo Youzhi likes to collect rare books. When he gets these books, he will collect them at home and often read them all night without eating or sleeping. Mo Youzhi was still diligent in his later years, collecting ancient books everywhere and visiting books in Yangzhou, Suzhou, Changzhou and other places before his death. After Mo Youzhi's death, he saved money and bought tens of thousands of priceless books of Yingshan Caotang, which were left to future generations.
Mo Youzhi's sixth brother Mo Tingzhi later devoted himself to education, first serving as Professor Sinan Fu Xue. During Guangxu period, he gave lectures at Xuegu Academy in Guiyang and bought books for Juren, Bagong and Tongsheng. After his brother's death, Mo Tingzhi collected and sorted out the learned manuscripts, and continued to collect poems of Qian Ren, which was compiled into A Brief Introduction to Qian Shi. At the same time, Mo Tingzhi devoted himself to the study of phonology and exegetics. Unfortunately, in the 15th year of Guangxu, after Tingzhi died in Guiyang, most of his works were lost, leaving only four volumes of Notes on Qingtianshan Poems and Ci Notes 1 volume. Mo Youzhi's ninth brother, Mo Xiangzhi, was born in Dushan in the late Qing Dynasty. When Mo Xiangzhi was an official in Jiangnan, he was upright, dared to restrain the powerful and powerful, and enforced the law impartially in everything. Although he was vilified, he persisted. In his later years, Mo Youzhi searched and sorted out ancient books in wuyue in the south of the Yangtze River and conducted intensive academic research, which was also supported by his ninth brother Mo Xiangzhi. Mo Youzhi's completion of Supplementary Notes on Tang Wenmu is entirely due to Mo Xiangzhi's help in discovering Supplementary Notes on Tang Wenmu. Mo Tang, the third son of Mo Xiangzhi, loves books all his life and is familiar with edition bibliography. His family has "Copper Well Study Room" and "Yuan Wen Building", and his book collection was once famous. Mo Youzhi's second son, Mo Sunsheng, was called Zhongwu. In the 12th year of Guangxu reign, Liu Ruifen was sent to Russia and France as a counsellor. Resigned because of his integrity. Later, he devoted himself to sorting out and engraving his grandfather's and father's suicide notes, and integrated 66 volumes of Dushan Mo's suicide note.
Under the influence of good family style, the descendants of the Mohs made outstanding contributions to the development of the motherland's culture. With their present post spirit, the tradition of filial piety, the style of diligence and thrift, and the character of loving books and devoting themselves to education, they have created a large number of poems and calligraphy works left over. Book collection is a valuable spiritual and material wealth for future generations, and its influence will also be influenced by future generations.
;