Introduction to innovation:
It is a Chinese word, also called "creating new things", which means creating or creating new things, and the second meaning is first. From Southern History, Biography of Empresses, Song Shizu Yin Shuyi: According to Spring and Autumn Annals, "Zhongzi is not Lu's official residence, but he has to take an examination of other palaces. Today's imperial concubine covers the ranks of heaven and should be innovative. "
Economic concept:
Innovation refers to the behavior of improving or creating new things, including but not limited to various products, methods, elements, paths and environments. By using the existing knowledge and materials in a specific environment, we can meet the needs of idealization or society and obtain certain beneficial effects.
What is innovation? To put it simply, it is a human behavior to create new contradictions by using existing natural resources or social factors, and it can also be considered as a substitute and cover-up for all old contradictions. In economics, the origin of the concept of innovation is the Introduction to Economic Development published by American economist Schumpeter in 19 12.
Schumpeter pointed out in his book that innovation refers to introducing a new combination of production factors and production conditions into the production system. It includes five situations: introducing a new product, introducing a new production method, opening up a new market, obtaining a new supply source of raw materials or semi-finished products and a new organizational form.
Schumpeter's concept of innovation covers a wide range, such as innovation involving technological change and organizational innovation involving non-technological change. In the 1960s, the new technological revolution developed rapidly. Walt rostow, an American economist, put forward the six-stage theory of "take-off", which developed the concept of "innovation" into "technological innovation" and raised "technological innovation" to the leading position of "innovation".
1962, J.L.Enos defined technological innovation directly and clearly for the first time in the article "Inventions and Innovations in Petroleum Processing Industry". "Technological innovation is the comprehensive result of several behaviors, including the choice of inventions, the guarantee of capital investment, the establishment of organizations, the formulation of plans, the recruitment of workers and the development of markets." .
The definition of Enos is defined from the perspective of behavior set. G.Lynn defined technological innovation for the first time from the perspective of innovation time series process, and thought that technological innovation was "the whole behavioral process that started with the understanding of the commercial potential of technology and finally completely transformed into commercial products".