From this battle, we can see the difference in national strength and strength between the two sides. Wei was able to attack Shu in the southeast, Xianbei in Wuwan in the north and Qiang in the west, with great momentum. Zhuge Liang allied with Sun Quan in the east, left no troops in the south to defend against barbarians, and allied with Qiang in the northwest. As a result, he saved his troops and left Qishan to split up. Moreover, he gave Zhao Yun few troops and only used them as suspected soldiers. But Zhuge Liang seems to have great confidence in this battle, because Biography of Li Yan records that "Liang will be an army next year, and his life will be strict to protect domestic affairs." Zhuge Liang prepared to attack Wei next year before the war, as if the victory was in the bag.
Zhuge Liang is confident for a reason. Zhuge Liang had long been aware of Wei's attack and began to prepare at the end of lite 7. In December of the seventh year of Jianxing, Seoul was built in Mianyang and Lecheng was built in Chenggu. These two forts have become the horns to protect the east and west sides of Nanzheng, the first county in Hanzhong, and are blocking the offensive routes of Cao Zhen and Sima Yi (there is a world-famous Yangpingguan west of Nanzheng, so it is unnecessary to build a city). Zhuge Liang did not stick to the two cities, but stationed his main force in Chenggu and Akasaka, so that he could deal with Cao and Sima Wei freely (of course, it also showed that the Shu army was not strong enough to divide its forces to resist); In my opinion, this action shows that Zhuge Liang intends to fight in the field and also shows Zhuge Liang's confidence in the field. Seeing that Zhuge Liang sent his troops many times, the field battle under his personal command did not lose, and Jiang Wei could not defeat him; I dare not fight Sima Yi and Zhang Jaw (Wudu in the Battle of Level Tone, Guo Huai and Sima Yi in the Battle of Wuzhangyuan), whether it is the new Merlot Joint-stock Company in the Battle of Chencang or what I will talk about next. There is also Qishan, and Comrade Masu is opposed to Mingming Festival, otherwise the result may change). When Zhuge Liang took the offensive, Wei Jun basically adopted the strategy of persistence, persistence and persistence. Only Sima Yi suffered a loss once, so Zhuge Liang would rather pretend to be a woman than go to war when he sent troops for the last time. Therefore, I really want to see the war between the two sides when Wei takes the offensive. At that time, Wei Jun would never stick to it all the way (just like watching a ball game, the offensive war is the most exciting and the defensive war is boring); What will happen if it doesn't rain? There are many suspense, but unfortunately God is not beautiful.
The fifth battle was in February (AD 23 1 year) in the 9th year of Jianxing in Shu Han (the 5th year of Wei Taihe), and Zhuge Liang surrounded Qishan (I privately called it Qishan in Chu Er). There are only twenty-five words in The History of the Three Kingdoms and Biography of Zhuge Liang: "In nine years, Liang returned to Qishan, transported wooden cattle, and retired from the army with all his grain. Engage with General Zhang He of Wei and shoot him. " In my impression, Zhuge Liang returned in vain. However, these 25 words do not fully reflect the real situation of this war. Chen Shou did not dare to write about this battle in detail because Zhuge Liang's opponent changed from Ye Chen to Sima Yi, the grandfather of the emperor when Chen Shou wrote the Three Kingdoms, and even more because the grandfather of the emperor was defeated by Zhuge Liang. Although Chen Shou is an excellent historian, he won't gamble his life and future at will, and of course he doesn't want to distort the facts, so he chose to omit a large part.
As I said before, Zhuge Liang's preparation for attacking Wei has a long history. After he captured Wudu in the spring of the seventh year of Jianxing, he began to prepare. Even if Wei attacked on a large scale, it did not stop cutting Wei. Moreover, unlike a Qishan, Zhuge Liang completely let go of the rear, leaving Li Yan in charge and cutting Wei wholeheartedly. It can be said that Zhuge Liang has been preparing for two years, and there is no government in the rear. It is going to be a big fight. Wei also changed at this time. When Cao Fu was terminally ill, the position of commander-in-chief of the three armed forces was replaced by Sima Yi.
After the war, I referred to Pei Songzhi's Hanshu Jin Chunqiu and Zi Jian (Zi Jian basically copied Hanshu Jin Chunqiu without any major changes). Zhuge Liang besieged Qishan, and Sima Yi was ordered to lead the army to resist. After arriving in Shangguan, Sima Yi left Fei Yi and other 4,000 soldiers guarding Shangguan, and led his army to the West to save Qishan. From here on, Mr. Sima Yi's series of behaviors puzzled me, some of which were ironic.
When Zhuge Liang heard that Sima Yi was coming, he left his troops to attack Qishan (I thought there would be a lot of soldiers left, because Qishan Castle is famous for being easy to defend but difficult to attack, so Zhuge Liang divided his troops at least 50-50) and led his army eastward to find Sima Yi. But I didn't meet Sima Yi when I got to Shangguan, but Fei Yao and others came to meet Zhuge Liang (it seems that Zhuge Liang's troops were not enough to scare off the 4,000 elite soldiers of Wei, so I don't think Fei Yao and others were so arrogant, Zhuge Liang only brought 10,000 soldiers), so Zhuge Liang settled Fei Yao and other 4,000 so-called elite soldiers to occupy Shangguan (how easy) (What is Mr. Sima doing? As a result of this battle, the Shu army got Shangguan, the important town of Tianshui County in the upper reaches of Weishui River, so Zhuge Liang's final invasion can directly attack Wudu in the southwest of Handan, because he can transport the grain down the Weihe River through Shangguan River, and there is no need to lay a warehouse anymore. What is Mr. Sima doing? ), and then to the east, to meet Sima Yi in the east of Shangguan. It turns out that Mr. Sima went east. I am really puzzling! ! ! ! ! Sima Yi is really a master. With my IQ, I can't understand his profound strategy. I really don't know how to rescue Qishan from the west and go east. Maybe Mr. Sima Yi knew that the earth was round, so he planned to attack from behind the Shu army? After Mr. Sima met Zhuge Liang, he gathered his troops and surrendered without fighting; Zhuge Liang didn't want to talk to this "inscrutable" Mr. Sima any more and returned to the army. Mr. Sima followed Zhuge Liang to fight again (although it seems to be catching up, according to Zhang Jaw, it is "if you don't advance, you will retreat", just keeping a certain distance to follow, maybe it is Chairman Mao's strategy of "the enemy advances and I retreat, and the enemy retreats and I advance", haha); After "catching up" with Zhuge Liang, Mr. Sima "climbed the mountain and dug camp again, refusing to fight" (I thought Zhuge Liang should stop and wait or turn around to meet Sima Yi, so Mr. Sima hurried to climb the mountain and dig camp, sticking to it according to the danger). All his generals felt too timid, so they accused Sima Yi of being timid and demanded war. Sima Yi ordered Xin Qiji to attack the Shu army in May (it won't be a tactic to take it out on the soldiers, even if it is, it seems useless). As a result, Wei Jun was defeated (although what I said was simple, it was the result of the comparison between the commanding ability and military ability of the commanders of both sides), and Mr. Sima fled back to the camp to continue to hold on. According to "Han Shu Jin Shu Chun Qiu", Zhuge Liang's trophy is: "The first-class soldier is 3,000 (the first of 3,000 Wei officers! ! ! ), Xuan armoured five thousand collar (this is not what ordinary soldiers wear), angle crossbows three thousand one hundred pieces (just look at these data can infer the strength of Wei Jun) (The record of this battle in the Book of Jin turned out to be that Sima Yi defeated Zhuge Liang and beheaded more than ten thousand people in the Shu army. I think, if it is really written in the Book of Jin, it will be a great victory comparable to the battle of Jieting. It is impossible for Chen Shou not to be recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, and the author of Han Jin Chun Qiu was from the Jin Dynasty. He should not and dare not deliberately describe Sima Yi's victory as a failure. Therefore, I think the reference content of this record by Fang et al. may be the official beautification record of the Jin Dynasty, which is not credible. Sima Guang and others may have the same views as me, so Zi Tong Zhi Jian adopts the records of Hanshu Chunqiu, not Jin Shu. )。
In my opinion, Zhuge Liang's actual combat ability and military command ability should be affirmed. I didn't find any specific records about the specific strength of the warring parties, but judging from the fact that General Wei Jun thought it was a shame not to fight and that 4,000 soldiers such as Fei Yao dared to face Zhuge Liang, the strength of the Shu army should be small, and Sima Yi's strength must be more than Zhuge Liang or even several times. In addition, Pei Songzhi quoted Yuan Shu as saying that "Ming led tens of thousands of people" (Yuan Shu also said that Zhuge Liang used his troops to "stop the mountain and advance and retreat like the wind". Only a few people in ancient times can describe it like this? ), as well as Zhang Yan's "Zuo Shu" article about Zhuge and Sima in Mo Lu, which mentioned "tens of thousands of foot soldiers" and "less than 50,000 soldiers" (there are more than 40,000 arms, and the arms are basically only infantry). I thought it belonged to the Jin Dynasty (Sima Shi was a subject of the world), and Zhang Yan was a contemporary of Zhuge Liang. Neither of them is Shu Han nor Wei, so what they say should be more objective (in addition, Guo Chong quoted by Pei Songzhi said that Sima Yi had more than 300,000 soldiers, while Zhuge Liang had only 80,000. Although the five things that Guo Chong said were as unreliable as Pei Songzhi's refutation, Guo Chong was in the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty. So I thought that Zhuge Liang's forces in the Sixth World War should be around 40,000 to 80,000. The legendary "100,000 soldiers" may be Wei's bluff or exaggeration (Liu Bei's large-scale expedition was only more than 80,000 people [I am based on the records cited by Pei Songzhi in the Biography of Willow Leaves]. This was said by Ye Liu, two foreign ministers of Wei, who were at war between Shu and Wu, and was completely annihilated. How much will be left for Zhuge Liang? In addition, according to the records quoted by Pei Songzhi in the Biography of the Later Rulers, when Shu was destroyed, there were only "102,000 armored soldiers" in the country [although Jiang Wei repeatedly attacked Wei and lost Hanzhong, he may lose a lot, but Jiang Wei lost 20,000 to 30,000 at most, and should also send more troops to make up for it; And Liu Chan didn't listen to Jiang Wei's suggestion to increase the garrison troops in Hanzhong, which should be around120,000 at most, so the total loss of * * * is only 450,000 at most], and the troops in Zhuge Liang's period should be similar, so Zhuge Liang could not lead hundreds of troops. I think the statement of more than 40 thousand is the most credible. Based on this, except for the troops that attacked Qishan, the forces of the Shu army fighting Sima did not exceed 20,000 to 40,000. I think Wei's army is no less than Shu's. As soon as Cao Cao came out of Qishan, he led his troops to Chang 'an, a town of 50,000 people. Although there is no record of how many soldiers there are in Cao Zhen and Zhang Jaw, Cao Zhen was appointed as the commander in chief and Zhang Jaw was appointed as the army supervisor. The strength of the two men will not be less, so there are at least 100,000 soldiers in total. Sima Yi won't have as many as 300,000 soldiers, but the last two fights were with Zhuge Liang. Wei is more alert to Shu than ever before. Moreover, the second battle of Qishan was so disastrous that Zhuge Liang still had enough troops to hold on and pursue when he retreated, and the troops should not be less than100000. In the case of a big gap in strength, are they those who dare not engage in war and can only stick to it, or those who can defeat the enemy as long as the enemy engages in war, or those who have problems in command? Can't you call it an excellent strategist? To be a good strategist and a good command ability, do you have to take risks with the so-called "hide your strength and bide your time"? I'm a little confused about some arguments.
Originally, the second trip to Qishan was very successful, but then there was a problem in the rear of Shu. Li Yan sent someone to inform Zhuge Liang that due to the continuous heavy rain, it was difficult to transport grain and asked Zhuge Liang to withdraw quickly. When Zhuge Liang heard that it was difficult to transport grain and grass, he withdrew, ambushed Zhang Jaw, who was chasing the Shu army, and killed him. It's easier said than done. Zhang Jaw is a battle-hardened superstar. Although Wei Lue said that he didn't want to pursue it, Sima Yi forced him to pursue it. Even as Wei Lue said, Zhang Jaw is not a person who will give in easily. Moreover, during the Three Kingdoms period, many people used ambush tactics to stop the enemy from pursuing, but I didn't see anyone who could kill the generals led by the enemy. Only Zhuge Liang killed the enemy generals [Xinmeile Co., Ltd. and Zhang Jaw] twice. I think this shows that the ambush is great, which can not be done by people without command ability and military talent, nor can it be easily done by ordinary generals.
However, while Zhuge Liang was withdrawing his troops, Li Yan said, "There is enough rations, so why pay them back?" ! Moreover, after the last performance, the Lord said that Zhuge Liang was "the army is retreating and wants to lure thieves to fight." Li Yan is "trying to solve the responsibility of inaction and show that he is not motivated"; In Zi Tong Zhi Jian, Li Yan "wants to kill Du Yun Censhu to relieve him of his responsibility for inaction". I think Li Yan's performance shows that: 1, there is sufficient military food (Li Yan himself said). 2. Heavy rain may affect the time or manpower and financial resources of grain transportation, but it is not as difficult as Li Yan said (so Li Yan wants to kill the grain transportation official Cen Shucai). These two points can be found out immediately, so Li Yan developed for himself before Zhuge Liang came back. However, Li Yan's method is too clumsy. As soon as Zhuge Liang produced the letter, Li Yan could not justify himself. I really don't know why Li Yan did this, and the method is too stupid. (I guess Li Yan and Zhuge Liang are both important officials who entrust an orphan to Liu Bei. Liu Bei gave them a division of labor in which Li Yan was in charge of military affairs and Zhuge Liang was in charge of politics. But now that Zhuge Liang has caught it, Li Yan may have been somewhat unbalanced. In addition, Zhuge Liang went to Qishan for the second time, which was already a victory. He defeated Sima Yi and was about to win a great victory. Li Yan is a little jealous, and jealous people often do things recklessly; Of course, this is only my guess, and it is a family statement. Only Li Yan knows how to do it.
Here I'm going to digress again. Most of my friends say that Zhuge Liang can't use people, so he must mention Ma Su first. Yes, it is Zhuge Liang's fault to use Ma Su or Ma Su wrongly, but people can't be without fault. I think even Liu Bei, who is highly regarded in employing people, has some improper places of employing people, such as Li Yan. Li Yan is really talented, which is undeniable (Ma Su is also talented, which is undeniable), but his performance in transporting grain is like an idiot (I think his excuse is like a child playing, not like a smart person). I think from this incident alone, Li Yan is also an exaggerated person, and Liu Bei is also using the wrong person (according to Zhuge Liang's above table in Biography of Li Yan, this person is indifferent to state affairs and only values fame and fortune. Liu Bei really saw the wrong person); In a sense, Li Yan made the Shu army retreat in a good situation, which was the same as Ma Su's fault. The difference is that Ma Su defeated the Shu army, while Li Yan just let the Shu army give up the favorable situation; However, Li Yan intends to let the Shu army withdraw. Ma Su's wish is not to let the Shu army retreat, but its nature is different. So I think it is harsh and unfair for Zhuge Liang to criticize him for a mistake (Zhuge Liang reused Li Yan, not only because Li Yan was really talented, but also because he believed in Liu Bei; Perhaps because of Ma Su, Zhuge Liang believed more in Liu Bei's ability to recognize people. After leaving Qishan, Zhuge Liang handed over the military and political affairs in the rear to Li Yan, whom Liu Bei valued, and devoted himself to the battle. However, the result is very disappointing. It was this man who was reused by Liu Bei to help Zhuge Liang, which made Zhuge Liang's northern expedition plan bankrupt again. I think it is Li Yan's low-level behavior that makes Zhuge Liang more cautious, which makes Zhuge Liang even more afraid to let go of his power and makes Zhuge Liang feel helpless. The last time he sent troops, he had to take care of both the front and the rear, "working day and night, punishing more than 20 people and taking care of himself" until he was exhausted; Although Zhuge Liang was worried before, it was not enough. So I think Zhuge Liang is very tired because of Li Yan.
Secondly, most people think that Zhuge Liang has not selected any talents, and they question his ability of employing people. I thought that after the establishment of the Three Kingdoms, no special talents were selected, and they were basically descendants of veteran ministers and veterans. I think this is because when power forms a certain scale and the situation enters a relatively stable situation, those in power have little chance to contact middle and low-level talents, and Liu Bei is unlikely to be locked up; Another main way to obtain talents is through the recommendation of the minister, but at this time, the minister who has the power to recommend to the authorities rarely contacts middle-and low-level figures, and can only contact relatives who are also the children of dignitaries (the sons of dignitaries rarely have real talents, only relatively talented ones, such as Lu Kang and Zhong Hui); In addition, the so-called filial piety and other recommendations have mostly evolved into recommending bureaucratic children to win the favor of superiors. In this case, it is unlikely that Si Mahui will talk about Wolong Feng Chu, Yu Xunju Guo Jia and Zhou Yu will recommend Lu Su. The same is true of the so-called heroes in troubled times, which has been true in all dynasties (many heroes are only middle-and low-level figures, and Cao is barely a middle-level figure; Although Liu Bei is a relative of the country, he can only be a lower-level figure; When Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion, he was a man in his twenties who had no work experience and only worked at home. Although he has an official brother, he can only be regarded as a lower class. In addition, the talents in people's mouths mostly refer to people who fought wars. After the split of the Three Kingdoms, the wars were reduced, and these combat talents didn't have the opportunity to show themselves (if it hadn't been for Jiang Wei's repeated wars and defeats, Wargo's talents would have been buried), so it was rare to find any military talents. Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, Jiang Wei, Deng Zhi, Wang Ping and so on promoted by Zhuge Liang are all good talents, but each has his own strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, it is not objective to criticize Zhuge Liang for not selecting talents. I think there are very few talents in the middle and late North Korea (many of them are still in the early stage) (even if there are, they tend to be political talents rather than military talents). This is a mechanism problem of selecting talents and appointing people, a common problem of relatively stable political situation, and not just a problem of the ability of an authority (you know, there are not many people who are both civil and military, and I think there are two ways to understand both civil and military. One is a person with both political and military skills. The former [can be slightly equivalent to the latter] can be called both civil and military in a broad sense, while the latter is both civil and military in a narrow sense, which is the so-called handsome talent. I thought that during the Three Kingdoms period, only Cao Cao, Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang could be called both civil and military talents in a narrow sense, while Lu Su and Lu Xun barely had enough. Zhang Liao, Monroe and Guan Yu are not enough. They are called generals at most. As for people who are both civil and military in a broad sense, only Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang, Zhou Yu and Lu Su have achieved nothing in the Three Kingdoms. If Wu Dong must have a representative, then Lu Boyan is reluctant. I don't think you need both civil and military skills to become a talent, as long as you have a skill. However, the above is just my personal opinion, and friends with different opinions don't have to be impatient. People like me who like to comment indiscriminately will definitely not be appreciated by Zhuge Liang, but will only be punished by Zhuge Liang like Liao Li and Lai Min. ).
The sixth battle was in February (AD 234), the 12th year of Jianxing in Shu Han Dynasty. After two years of preparation, Zhuge Liang came out with Gu Jie. According to Wu Zhangyuan, a martial arts master, he and Sima Yi went to Weinan and made an appointment with Wu * * * (I privately call it the last battle). With the lesson of the last fiasco, Sima Yi would rather die than fight this time, waiting for Zhuge Liang to run out of food; Zhuge Liang, because of the inconvenience of transporting grain, "dividing troops and fixing fields is the foundation of his long stay." Weibin residents are mixed with tillers, the people are closed and the army is selfless. "I thought Sima Yi had miscalculated this time and wanted to wait for Zhuge Liang to run out of food and grass, while Zhuge Liang was self-sufficient in growing grain with the people of Wei State, and planned to stay there for a long time, taking Weishui as the border of Shu and Wei (actually occupying). Sima yi, on the other hand, can only wait, without any countermeasures for withdrawing troops. Just because Zhuge Liang died of overwork, Sima Yi didn't make a fool of himself.
There was little confrontation between the two sides in this battle. The only close contact was when the Shu army retreated after Zhuge Liang's death, and Sima Yi led the army to pursue it. The Shu army "beat the drum against the flag" and fought back. Sima Yi hurriedly withdrew, and the local people said, "Zhuge Liang is dead and Zhong Da is born." There is no doubt that Zhuge Liang's deterrence in the enemy country can make the enemy fear. How many people can there be in the history of China? Sima Yi is a crafty old scoundrel with great courage. Who are you afraid of? Except Zhuge Liang, of course. (As mentioned earlier, the opponent's reaction is the most objective and true reflection of Zhuge Liang's military talents.) Sima Yi sighed after seeing the ruins of the military camp arranged by Zhuge Liang: "The world is really a genius!" I thought this was the true feelings that Sima Yi inadvertently revealed. Sima Yi had no other military failures in his life, except for dealing with Zhuge Liang, and he was very comfortable with other opponents. Only Zhuge Liang let him lose, left him helpless, and reduced his prestige in front of his subordinates' generals (subordinates' generals will accuse their superiors face to face, which shows their prestige). I think from the performance of Sima Yi, he is a confident guy and an aggressive figure (whether convincing Cao Cao to further attack Shu after taking Hanzhong, or suggesting that the United Kingdom of Wu smash Guan Yu when Cao Cao proposed to move the capital, or destroying Mengda's peaceful Gongsun Yuan, it shows that he is confident, good at attacking and likes to attack). However, in the face of Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi's self-confidence was obviously insufficient. His good "attack" was a fiasco the first time, and he dared not use it the second time.
Or some people say that Sima Yi or Wei adopted a defensive strategy, and Zhuge Liang's grain and grass was the correct strategy. However, when I look closely at the six battles, only the battle of Chencang was prepared by Zhuge Liang, but it was only around January that the food and grass were exhausted; Although the second battle of Qishan was "short of grain", it was actually Li Yan's false report, strictly speaking, it was a contradiction within Shu, not a lack of grain (besides, Li Yan lied that it was inconvenient to transport grain, not a lack of grain and grass); As for the other four wars, except the defensive war between Shu and Han, there is no record of food and grass in the other three wars (at least I haven't found it yet), especially Zhuge Liang's last battle (in the last battle, Zhuge Liang stayed in Wei for a long time to stabilize the people's hearts and attack them urgently), which seems a bit like Liu Bei's situation of "winning the hearts and minds of the people by planting trees". And Wei Jun also needs to transport grain and grass from the rear. After 100 days of confrontation, Wei's manpower and material resources will be enormous. If the stalemate continues, which side will suffer? what do you think? )。 So I thought the Shu army should have enough food and grass, but the Shu road was difficult to travel and the transportation was inconvenient. Wei's defensive strategy is not ideal, nor is it the correct strategy that many people say. The only real success was the battle of Chencang, but it was not a large-scale northern expedition carefully prepared by Zhuge Liang, but just an offensive campaign that quickly cleared the way. The national strength of Wei is ten times that of Shu. In the face of Zhuge Liang with only tens of thousands of troops, not only can he not be completely annihilated, but he can also come and go freely, and he can only defend himself with a large number of troops. When Zhuge Liang retired, he was happy to celebrate, but he did not dare to force Zhuge Liang to win as Zhang Liao pursued Sun Quan (although he pursued him twice, he was pursued by the master).
After Zhuge Liang's death, Wei Yan's problem appeared. I don't want to talk about Wei Yan and Yang Yi here, but I want to talk about why Zhuge Liang didn't let Wei Yan be his successor. This is not, of course, as Zhuge Liang said in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that Wei will rebel sooner or later, but is determined by Wei Yan's character and behavior. I thought Zhuge Liang reused Wei Yan. During Zhuge Liang's reign, Wei was always an important figure among military commanders, regardless of his official position or degree of attachment (and I thought Wei Yan belittled the ruler because he was "forbidden to shine" and "always said that he didn't dare to shine, but he hated himself endlessly". This is a big no-no. I think, because Zhuge Liang doesn't care, Wei Yan may have been punished and demoted for other organs; Liao Li and others are not belittling Zhuge Liang. But why didn't Zhuge Liang let Wei Yan take over the military power? I thought it was Zhuge Liang's understanding of Guan Yu's failure Maybe you should say what this has to do with Guan Yu. Let me first take a look at the description of Wei Yan in the biography of Wei Yan: "Yan Shan raised his soldiers and was brave and arrogant, so he avoided them at that time." Let's take a look at the description of Guan Yu in the biography of Zhang Fei: "Cheng Yu, the counselor of Wei State, is called the enemy of ten thousand people with one feather", and "Yu is kind to soldiers and arrogant to literati". Isn't Wei Yan another Guan Yu (both of them are brave, good at raising foot soldiers, and look down on others with pride)? Guan Yu lost his life in Jingzhou because of his arrogance and discord with his colleagues (Mi Fang, Fu Shiren, etc.). It was one of the reasons for his loss of Jingzhou, and Liu Feng and Meng Da were one of the reasons for his capture and death. Zhuge Liang naturally understood this. Looking at Wei Yan again, his personality is the same as Guan Yu's, even if his ability is not as good as Guan Yu's, he should not be much worse; But his relationship with his colleagues is worse than Guan Yu's: Yang Yi and Fei Yi are not to mention; Dong Yun and Jiang Wan may be because Wei Yan is unruly and rude at ordinary times, and looks like a minister (think about Zhuge Liang, who dares to accuse him and dare not say anything? ) and the relationship before the "protective instrument" is also embarrassing; Even Jiang Wei and Wang Ping, two military commanders, are unwilling to stand on his side. All kinds of visible Wei Yan's mass relations, what do you think will happen if such a person is in power? Is it safe for Zhuge Liang to learn from Guan Yu's experience (Zhuge Liang must remember deeply)?
I once saw someone say that Zhuge Liang was incompetent because he could not reconcile the relationship between Yang Yi and Wei Yan. I think this statement is extreme, which is caused by the personalities of both sides. Zhuge Liang can only persuade or subdue at most, mainly because he wants two people to restrain themselves and understand each other (besides, Wei Yan is obviously at odds with Yang Yi). Zhang Liao, Le Jin and Li Dian, according to Biography of Li Dian, said that "Jin, Dian and Liao are at odds". Finally, it is the cooperation between business and the overall situation, not Cao Cao's intervention. It's also an order from the superior. Zhang, Le, because the public interests cooperate with each other, but Wei Yan is against his will (although Wei Yan said in the first half of the sentence, more importantly, he thinks it is for Yang Yi's patrol, but in fact he won't. I think this shows that he is selfish. His patrol covers the safe retreat of the Shu army, but he must regard it as a matter between him and Yang Yi. In addition, Zhou Yuhe here is also an example: it is said that Zhou Hecheng's discord reached the point of "several defeats in state affairs", but later it was not Sun Quan's intervention, but Zhou Yu conquered it with his talent and tolerance, which was the wind of generals; Wei Yan can't convince Yang Yi by his own talents. He also drew his sword against Yang Yi and roughed up a scholar, which also shows that Wei Yan is not enough to appoint a big post. I think it is correct that Zhuge Liang ordered his retirement. Because Zhuge Liang's prestige in the army is certainly not as good as Wei Yan's, which can be seen from Wei Yan's "good nurse pawn", but he did not carry out Zhuge Liang's orders, so the army was "dispersed." So Zhuge Liang's death shook the morale of the army, and the blow to morale was unstable for Wei Yan, so I think Wei Yan was too confident in his ability to continue leading the battle without objectively analyzing the military situation. In my eyes, Wei Yan often says such blind and confident words. In short, although Wei Yan's result is very wronged and regrettable, it is just like Chen Shou's comment, "Look at what he did, look back at what he did, and blame himself."
Throughout the six battles, most of the critics of Zhuge Liang's military talents mainly thought that he sent troops frequently, wasted people's money and made no achievements. I think it is because they regard all six battles (or five) as the Northern Expedition, and Zhuge Liang's battles that are not the Northern Expedition are also regarded as the Northern Expedition, which naturally does not meet their requirements.
First of all, I have analyzed that sending troops frequently wastes people's money. Neither the second nor the third expedition was the Northern Expedition. Although the time for sending troops was tight (December of the sixth year of lite, spring of the seventh year of lite), they were all small in scale, with little preparation and low cost (earned for the third time). There were only the first, fifth and sixth Northern Expeditions, which were launched once every three years in January of the 6th year, February of the 9th year and February of the 12th year respectively. Therefore, it was not a warlike battle without preparation (compared with the battles that Cao Cao and other small governors originally separated from the Central Plains fought almost once a year). According to Chen Shou's words, "He died in autumn, and Li Shu remembered it as an excuse. Today, the people of Liang and Yi, who consult the wise, still have words in their ears. Although Gan Tang sang Zhao Gong, Zheng people sang songs, but they can't compare. " Is this the love that people who waste money and people can get? Secondly, as I said before, the battle between level tone and Wudu can be said to be an easy victory, and it can almost be said that it won the second county without bloodshed; Second, Qishan not only occupied Tianshui, an important town in the upper reaches of Wei River, but also dealt a blow to Wei Jun's main force. Some people may think that this result is too small, but I think they are too ambitious. It took Cao Cao more than 20 years to unify two-thirds of the world through hardships. Is it necessary for Zhuge Liang to shake Cao Cao's inheritance for more than 20 years in just five or six years? This is the so-called easier said than done, and it is easier said than done when standing. This time is no longer a period of warlord melee, and Cao Cao has made no progress in the last ten years.