Pinyin: shí rén yá huì √.
Allusions: pick up: pick up; Tooth wisdom: refers to what others have said. Take a sentence or two from others as your own words.
Source: "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Yin said:' Kangbo didn't get my wisdom. " "
For example, when writing an article, you must have your own opinions and express your true feelings.
People are willful or habitual.
Pinyin: Pei
Allusions: Describe people who are capricious or used to playing tricks.
Source: Tang Du Fu's Poor Bank of Communications: "There is no need for shuyun to shelter from the rain."
Example: Although monkeys have hands, they can't make tools. As for "~", monkeys can't. (Mao Dun's Story of the Hand)
Li á n pi ā n l í i dú: The description is too long and the text is too long.
Beauty and ugliness are revealed, which means the truth is revealed.
Huang Zhong was destroyed, Waffleming: Huang Zhong was smashed and thrown aside, and the pottery jar was knocked loudly. It is a metaphor that talented people are abandoned and mediocre people without talent are in high positions.
Ask yourself: Go back and check your words and deeds.
A long-standing ideological style or habit is hard to change.
References:
idioms daquan
Responder: Everyone is different-Magician Level 4 2-8 12:44.
Pick up people's teeth
Interpretation: pick up; Tooth wisdom: the food residue spit out after chewing refers to the wonderful words and phrases that others have said. Metaphor is to pick up other people's words as your own. Metaphor takes other people's languages and words.
People are willful or habitual.
Pinyin (y incarnation)
Notes describe people who are capricious or used to playing tricks.
The source of Tang Du Fu's Poor Bank of Communications: "There is no need for shuyun to shelter from the rain."
Although monkeys have hands, they can't make tools. As for "~", monkeys can't. (Mao Dun's Story of the Hand)
Long article
Relieve fatigue: overlap and accumulation; X: Ancient Chinese wood chips. The description is too long and the words are too long.
Show one's beauty
Yan refers to beauty and Yan refers to ugliness. Literally, beauty and ugliness are exposed, that is, the truth is revealed.
Those who have virtue abandon it, and those who have no virtue are high.
The stone clock was beaten to pieces and thrown aside, and the clay pot was knocked loudly. It is a metaphor that talented people are abandoned and mediocre people without talent are in high positions.
examine/search one's conscience/heart
Shi Yi turned to check his words and deeds.
Deep-rooted habits are hard to break.
Interpretation of heavy meaning: depth; Return: Turn around. It is difficult to change the long-formed ideological style or habit.
Wooden Oxen and Gliding Horses
The one hundred and twentieth chapter of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Sima Yi occupied Wei Qiao in the north, and Zhuge Liang was a wooden ox and a flowing horse", describes that Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan six times and captured Meng Huo seven times, which had a great influence on the Central Plains. He invented a new type of transportation called "Mu Niu Liu Ma", which solved the problem of grain and grass transportation for hundreds of thousands of troops. This tool is more advanced than it is now. It does not need energy and will not cause an energy crisis.
Learn phrases from someone and pretend to be your own.
Pinyin: shí rén yá huì √.
Allusions: pick up: pick up; Tooth wisdom: refers to what others have said. Take a sentence or two from others as your own words.
Source: "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Yin said:' Kangbo didn't get my wisdom. " "
For example, when writing an article, you must have your own opinions and express your true feelings.
People are willful or habitual.
Pinyin: Pei
Allusions: Describe people who are capricious or used to playing tricks.
Source: Tang Du Fu's Poor Bank of Communications: "There is no need for shuyun to shelter from the rain."
Example: Although monkeys have hands, they can't make tools. As for "~", monkeys can't. (Mao Dun's Story of the Hand)
Li á n pi ā n l í i dú: The description is too long and the text is too long.
Beauty and ugliness are revealed, which means the truth is revealed.
Huang Zhong was destroyed, Waffleming: Huang Zhong was smashed and thrown aside, and the pottery jar was knocked loudly. It is a metaphor that talented people are abandoned and mediocre people without talent are in high positions.
Ask yourself: Go back and check your words and deeds.
A long-standing ideological style or habit is hard to change.
Interviewee: 2648 1875- trainee magician level 2-9 17:06.
Wooden Oxen and Gliding Horses
Directory Lu Guo Mu Niu Liu Ma
Three kingdoms, wooden cows and flowing horses
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were wooden cows and horses.
explore
:: Research and development
Mystery of wooden ox and flowing horse
Lu Guo Mu Niu Liu Ma
Cattle herding Liu Ma can be traced back to the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. According to Wang Chong's book Lun Heng, Lu Ban, a famous carpenter in Lu State, made a wooden chariot and horse for his old mother Gong Qiao. "The authorities have it and cannot drive it back."
Sheng Guo Mu Niu Liu Ma
Perhaps inspired by Luban's wooden chariots and horses, about 1, 700 years later, Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms period invented the wooden ox flowing horse, which was used to transport rations on the rugged plank road, and "if people don't work hard, cows don't eat." Compared with Wang Chong's few words about Luban's wooden chariots and horses, the descriptions of Zhuge Liang's wooden horses and horses in The History of the Three Kingdoms are vivid, vivid and extremely detailed. But I don't know why, Chen Shou and Luo Guanzhong said nothing about the principle and technology of making Liu Ma.
The one hundred and twentieth chapter of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Sima Yi occupied Wei Qiao in the north, and Zhuge Liang was a wooden ox and a flowing horse", describes that Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan six times and captured Meng Huo seven times, which had a great influence on the Central Plains. He invented a new type of transportation called "Mu Niu Liu Ma", which solved the problem of grain and grass transportation for hundreds of thousands of troops. This tool is more advanced than it is now. It does not need energy and will not cause an energy crisis.
The method of making a wooden cow is like this: "Square belly and curved head, one foot and four feet; The head is in the collar and the tongue is in the abdomen. Take more and do less: a single traveler is dozens of miles, and a group traveler is twenty miles. The machete is a cow's head, two are cow's feet, the horizontal one is a cow's collar, the rotating one is a cow's foot, the square one is a cow's belly, the tongue is hung, the machete is a cow's rib, the carving knife is a cow's tooth, the vertical one is a cow's horn, and the thin one is a cow's martingale. The photographer is a cow's autumn axis. Cattle head up, six steps, cattle four steps. Each cow carries food for ten people for a month. If people don't work hard, cows don't eat. " The floating horse method says, "The rib is three feet and five inches long, three inches wide and two inches thick: the left and right sides are the same." The front axle hole is divided into four inches and two inches in diameter. The front foot hole is divided into two inches, the front axle hole is four inches and five minutes, and the width is one inch. The front bumper hole is divided into two inches and seven points except the front foot hole. The hole is two inches long and one inch wide. The rear axle hole is divided into one foot and five minutes without the front bumper, and the size is the same as before. The rear foot hole is divided into ink, and the rear shaft hole is three inches and five minutes, the size is the same as before. The rear bumper hole is divided into two inches and seven points when removing the foot hole, and the rear bumper hole is divided into four inches and five points. The front bumper is one foot eight inches long, two inches wide and one inch thick for five minutes. Rear bumper and so on. Two square capsules, eight minutes thick, two feet seven inches long, one foot six inches five minutes high and one foot six inches wide: each capsule holds two meters and three buckets. Remove seven inches from the rib hole: the same before and after. The upper hole is one foot three inches, the hole is one inch five minutes long and seven minutes wide: the eight holes are the same. The front and rear feet are two inches wide and one inch and a half thick. The shovel is shaped like an elephant, four inches long and four inches and three minutes in diameter. The tripod in the aperture is two feet one inch long, one inch five minutes wide and one inch four minutes thick, which is the same as the lever ear. "
Zhuge Liang made wooden horses and cattle to transport grain and grass. Since ancient times, there has been no conclusion about what a wooden cow is like. There are various statements, but none of them is more in line with the original state. I think the reason is that machinery is not familiar with history, and machinery manufacturers have no habit of textual research.
Cattle herding Liu Ma in the Southern and Northern Dynasties
More than 200 years later, Zu Chongzhi, a genius of science and technology in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, is said to have recreated the wooden ox and flowing horse. It's hard to understand that he didn't leave a photo message.
explore
First, read the introduction of Muniu Liuma in the book: the head is bent and the abdomen is square, with one foot and four feet, the head is at the collar, the tongue is in the abdomen, and the load is more and the line is less. A lone traveler is dozens of miles, and a group traveler is twenty miles. The person hanging is the cow's tongue, the person bending is the cow's rib, the person carving is the cow's tooth, the person standing is the cow's horn, and the cow holds up two shafts. People walk six feet, and cows walk four steps.
Liu Ma: The ribs are 3 feet 5 inches long, and the left and right sides are the same. The front axle hole is divided into four inches, the front foot hole is divided into four inches and five minutes, and there are two square capsules.
From the narrative in the book, the wooden cow is the equipment equivalent to the engine, and the flowing horse is just a device for loading things, which is equivalent to the car compartment.
From the structural point of view, the wooden cow adopts a power-assisted mechanism, and a flywheel mechanism may be added inside. Judging from his operation, there are gear mechanisms and crank-connecting rod mechanisms used in it. When people push the wooden cow, the crank-connecting rod mechanism inside drives the flywheel through the gear. After the flywheel is running, the inertia of the flywheel helps the wooden cow, thus achieving the purpose of saving labor.
Liu Ma's structure is actually a scooter, but the center of gravity and load-bearing parts are changed, which is more labor-saving than the previous scooter.
About this cow and that cow mentioned in the book, it's just the habit of China people to increase the mystery of wooden cows, as Zhouyi said, what the horse looks like and so on.
A wooden cow has four legs, which are actually wheels. There were no professional mechanical terms in ancient times, so the expressions of some parts were different from today.
There is speculation that wooden cows walk with their feet, but this requires a hydraulic mechanism, which is impossible under the conditions at that time. It is impossible to do it by hand. Because there are so many institutions used in this way, some institutions have not been invented at that time.
The reason why you can't walk with your tongue twisted is simple. There is an anti-reverse ratchet mechanism inside.
Of course, I only speculate based on the records in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. But it shouldn't be too far. I don't have detailed information about Liu Ma, a cow, at hand, but I guess from my experience.
There may be complicated imagination, but I think it is more reasonable, so the structure adopted is relatively simple, which is in line with the productivity situation at that time.
Our sages seem to join hands to keep the next eternal mystery to test the wisdom of our future generations.
R&D
The ancient mystery has attracted generations of mysterious explorers. Needless to say, since 1956, seven cow Liu Ma research societies have been established spontaneously all over the country. However, as a result of exploring riddles, the authenticity of ancient riddles itself is first doubted and denied, and a "unicycle theory" seems to be a thousand-year conclusion. As early as the Song Dynasty, Gao Cheng wrote in his Chronicle of Things: "A wooden ox flows a horse, and today's car has a front axle, and the horse is the only one to push it today." Mr. Fan Wenlan, a contemporary historian, thinks: "The wooden cow is a human unicycle with one foot and four feet." In a word, most researchers and archaeologists believe that the so-called wooden ox and flowing horse is not a miracle of creation, but the apotheosis of legends and the exaggeration and misunderstanding of the recorder.
However, there are always people who "love to death and never admit their mistakes", and firmly believe that the records in ancient books will not be false, and that there is indeed a wooden cow and a flowing horse and they are trying to create it. 1986 With the support of Xinjiang Institute of Technology and its mechanical department and the sponsorship of Japanese businessmen, Wang Kui, a senior engineer, made three wooden cows and flowing horses. Each one is a quadruped walker. You can put your hand on the two shafts at the back to make it walk. The fly in the ointment is that it does not have the load-bearing function, and once the luggage is crushed, it can't walk. The problem of walking with load has not been solved.
The opportunity to break through seems to be left to Guo Tongxiao, a farmer from Yangxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province.
Speaking of it, it was purely accidental that he made a wooden ox and a flowing horse. 1997 During the Spring Festival, the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms was launched, and Guo Tongxiao got together with friends to watch it every day. When I saw the episode of Mu Niu Liu Ma, someone was very excited to see Guo Tongxiao and joked with him, "You like playing games. If you can play games with Mu Niu Liu Ma, I will serve you. " He agreed without thinking. And immediately put into the intense research and development work.
From the beginning, he firmly believed that Liu Ma, a wooden cow, should walk with legs instead of wheels, and only legs could climb the steps of the plank road. But how do you get your legs moving? He skillfully used the principles of lever and inertia in physics to design internal mechanisms such as lever-link structure, balance structure and pace structure, and it took only three months to trial-produce the first batch of floating horses.
This horse is 1.4m in length, 1. 1m in height, and 17.5kg in self-weight, and can carry 35 to 40kg. With a little traction or thrust, the horse can walk on both feet, and as long as the tongue is pressed, the action mechanism can get stuck, which is consistent with the description in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Although this first floating horse has a stride of only 20 cm and a load of only 35-40 kg, it gives a definite answer to an eternal mystery: Liu Ma the cow is not an exaggeration by the writer, a misunderstanding by historians, but a true historical truth!
In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang made wooden horses and cattle to transport grain and grass. Since ancient times, there has been no conclusion about what a wooden cow is like. There are various statements, but none of them is more in line with the original state. I think the reason is that machinery is not familiar with history, and machinery manufacturers have no habit of textual research.
Mystery of wooden ox and flowing horse
1700 years ago, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms, invented the wooden ox and flowing horse, but what kind of transportation is this? For thousands of years, people have put forward various views and debated endlessly.
Looking up the history books, the biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang records: "Brightness is better than ingenuity, and gains and losses are even unexpected." "The Legend of the Three Kingdoms and the King" records: "In the nine years of Jianxing, Liang returned to Qishan, transported cattle and returned grain; In the spring of the twelfth year, I learned that the masses were out of the valley. According to Wugong Wuzhangyuan, Sima Wangxuan and Weinan. " It is clearly pointed out in the above records that Liu Ma, a wooden cow, was indeed an invention of Zhuge Liang, and Liu Ma, a wooden cow, were two different tools. In terms of the time sequence of using Liu Ma, there were cows first, then Liu Ma, and Liu Ma was an improved version.
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Pei Songzhi annotated the History of the Three Kingdoms, quoted the now lost record of Mu Niu Liu Ma in Zhuge Jiliang, described the image of Mu Niu Liu Ma, and recorded some dimensions of Liu Ma. However, because there are no physical objects and characters left to future generations, the understanding of Mu Niu Liu Ma is always rare.
200 years after Zhuge Liang made Mu Niu Liu Ma, it is said that Zu Chongzhi, a scientific genius in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, made Mu Niu Liu Ma. "The Biography of Zu Chongzhi in Southern Qi Dynasty" said: "Zhuge Liang's wooden ox is a horse, not because of Feng Shui, but because of machines, and no manpower is needed." It is hard to understand that he didn't leave any detailed information either.
However, the record of Zu Chongzhi's creation of Cowherd Liu Ma provides evidence for the main point of "automatic machinery" in Cowherd Liu Ma. It is considered that it is very common to manufacture machinery with gears in the Three Kingdoms period, and Liu Ma, a wooden cow admired by later generations, should be an automatic machinery manufactured by using the gear principle.
In Huangsha Town, Mianxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, historical records show that this is where Zhuge Liang made wooden cattle and horses. According to textual research, Zhuge Liang used Liu Ma, a cattle herder, three times during the eight-year Northern Expedition. It is from here that Mu Niu Liu Ma walked a 250-kilometer plank road and reached the front line of Wuzhangyuan in Qishan.
The local old man described the legendary wooden ox and flowing horse to us: "The horse's head is made of wood, and then the horse's body is composed of other scattered pieces, and then the horse's legs are assembled." A gear is installed in the middle of the belly, and there is a wrench behind the Trojan horse. When operating, step by step. " As can be seen from this legend, the wooden ox and flowing horse have gears, and it seems that it also uses the lever principle.
Not long ago, Liang, an ordinary rural teacher in Botou, Hebei Province, said that he had found Mu Niu Liu Ma himself and was very successful. Our reporter made a special trip with great interest.
The wooden cattle and horses made by Liang are all wooden machines with four legs and empty hearts, which can carry loads. Press and lift the horse's neck, and the flowing horse will walk with open legs; The wooden cow walks by pressing the back of the shaft. According to Liang, his wooden ox and flowing horse are consistent with historical records in principle: "Wooden ox and flowing horse are alike." There is a long labor-saving arm behind the wooden cow, which is biaxial; The labor-saving arm of a flowing horse is its long neck, which looks like an elephant. More subtly, Liang immediately realized the secret lock on his functional flow. As soon as he twisted his tongue, the horse's head was locked and he couldn't walk, which was very consistent with the description in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
However, Liang's resumption of cattle grazing was opposed by another faction. Guo Qinghua, director of Mianxian Museum in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province and director of the Three Kingdoms Cultural Research Center in Shaanxi Province, believes that Liu Ma, a cattle herder, can't have four legs: "The plank road is paved with wooden boards, and the gap in the middle is different. How do four legs walk on a cracked board? Even if you walk on a non-plank road, you are climbing, and you need to pull forward and push back. You can't pull or push it with four legs. Therefore, the wooden cow must have wheels. "
Why does Guo Qinghua think that wooden cows and flowing horses should have wheels? This can also be found in historical records. Guo Qinghua believes that Mu Niu Liu Ma should be a four-wheeled vehicle: "In the production method of Mu Niu Liu Ma, when introducing Liu Ma, it is said that Liu Ma has a front axle and a rear axle. Everyone knows that a wheel is a shaft, and a shaft is equipped with two wheels, so I think it should be four wheels. "
Does a wooden ox have wheels or four legs? There are the following written records in the Northern Song Dynasty: "There is a small car in Shu, which pushes eight stones alone and looks like a bull's head in front; There is also a cart with four people pushing it and carrying ten stones. "In the Song Dynasty, Gao Cheng's book" The Origin of Things "also recorded:" The wooden ox has a front axle today; This horse is the only pusher today. Lin Qing, a Manchu water conservancy expert in the Qing Dynasty, also said that the earth truck used in water conservancy projects at that time was the wooden ox and flowing horse recorded in Chen Shidao: "Earth truck, single wheel, looking for earth to fill, carrying barnyard grass. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, went to war and began to build wooden cows and horses to transport salaries. Today, the earth truck pushes alone, and Ge's legacy still exists. "Cattle herding is a wheelbarrow with a front axle, and Liu Ma is a wheelbarrow without a front axle, which is also a main point about cattle herding Liu Ma. But even the records of the Song Dynasty are more than those of the Three Kingdoms period 1000 years. How credible is this view?
Feng, a professor at Tsinghua University Institute of Ancient Literature, believes that Mu Niu is basically a wheelbarrow, because it is most likely to be a wheelbarrow based on a comprehensive analysis of various historical materials and documents.
In order to find out the situation of the plank road during the Three Kingdoms period, we came to the mouth of Baodi Valley, which is the starting point of Baodi Inclined Plank Road. Located 20 kilometers north of Hanzhong, 1700 years ago, Zhuge Liang's wooden cattle and horses started from here and transported grain and grass to the front.
Surprisingly, the ancient plank road was very gentle and not steep. It turns out that the ancients were very clever in driving ramps. They chose the slowest road in the Qinling Mountains, climbed up the mountain unconsciously, and then descended effortlessly. On such a road, the efficiency of a quadruped machine is not as good as that of a wheel, so the wooden cow at that time was unlikely to be a quadruped mobile machine, and the possibility of a four-wheeled vehicle was even smaller, because it was more difficult for a four-wheeled vehicle to be used as a steering control, and even on the flat ground, the four-wheeled vehicle was not very flexible in turning, so it was even more impossible to put it under that special condition.
From the analysis of the plank road, it seems that only unicycle is most likely to be a wooden cow in history. Some people may ask, if Liu Ma, a cattle herder, is a unicycle, then it is recorded that a cattle herder has one foot and four feet. How can this quadruped be embodied in a unicycle? Also, how to explain the names of some parts including hidden organs?
"Cowherd Liu Ma" may break the conventional rules:
As we all know, the wooden ox and flowing horse in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms has always been a mystery and has fascinated countless people. At that time, the production conditions were poor, far less than modern ones, but the structure of "cow Liu Ma" seemed simple and feasible, which was also in line with the situation at that time. If Cow Liu Ma had been written wonderfully at that time, we might have abandoned it as a myth, but just because the book was written in line with the situation at that time, we can't help but doubt that there might really be A Mu Cow Liu Ma at that time. However, with a long history, the drama of the novel makes us somewhat helpless.
At present, if the "wooden ox and flowing horse" can really walk without eating or drinking as described in the book, it obviously does not conform to the law of conservation of energy in science. Because if "cow Liu Ma" wants to walk, it will definitely consume energy. At that time, there must be no energy substances such as oil and natural gas. It doesn't eat or drink. Where did it get its energy? This is a question worth thinking about. If we want to create the kind of wooden cow described in the novel, we must abandon the current law of "conservation of energy". Similarly, creating a "wooden ox and a flowing horse" will certainly break the law of "conservation of energy" that has influenced our generations, and it must be a story that attracts worldwide attention. There are countless mysteries in history that need us to solve. This may just be a fictional object, but no one can deny its existence until the mystery is solved.