Why did Guanzhong Plain become the first choice of ancient rulers?

Guanzhong Plain has specific historical and geographical factors, and it became the first choice for rulers to make their capital before the Song Dynasty, and the main body was not rigorous, because the Guanzhong Plain where An was located was only the first choice for making its capital before the Song Dynasty, Kaifeng and Hangzhou were the capital in the Song Dynasty, and Beijing was the capital in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Guanzhong Plain became the first choice of rulers before Song Dynasty, and was later replaced by Beijing, which had a great relationship with topography, climate, population and situation.

Geographically, the Guanzhong Plain is the Weihe Plain, which is located in the middle of Shaanxi Province, between Qinling Mountain and Weibei Mountain (Laolongshan, Guaishan, Wangyaoshan, Huanglongshan and Liangshan, etc.). ). It starts from Baoji in the west and ends in Tongguan in the east, with a length of about 300 kilometers, an altitude of about 323-800 meters and an area of about 36,000 square kilometers. Because between Hanguguan (later called Tongguan) and Dasanguan, from the map, the Weihe Plain is actually the Weihe Basin. In ancient times, Hanguguan was the gateway to Guanzhong Plain, which was easy to defend but difficult to attack. Weihe River brought reorganized water sources to Guanzhong area. Before the Song Dynasty, Guanzhong Plain was warmer and wetter than modern times, and it could feed enough people, so it naturally became the Han, Jin and Han Dynasties.

With the population growth and the development of the south, in the Song Dynasty, the economic center of China moved south, and more rice could be planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River region. Coupled with the digging of canals, transportation is gradually no problem. Guanzhong Plain is gradually unable to support its population and various conditions as the capital. The Guanzhong area is still short of land and the traffic is inconvenient.

The whole of North China, East China and South China are suitable for population gathering, so Yuan, Ming and Qing all chose Beijing as their capital.