(1) The first person pronouns mainly include "I", "I", "Yu", "Yu" and "I". Can be used as subject, attribute and object.
1, I: used in the first person, translated as "I" and "we"
For example, Confucius said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher." (The Analects of Confucius); A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "("Liezi Tang Wen, the days when two children argued ")
2. Wu: It can be translated as "I" and "we"
Example: I am determined to learn nine times out of ten and stand at thirty. Note: Before the Middle Ages,' I' could only be used as the preposition of negative sentences, and affirmative sentences were generally used as the object. Before the Middle Ages,' I' could be used as the postposition object of verbs and prepositions.
3. Yu: It can be translated as "I" and "mine"
Ex.: Up to death, it was printed from the group and has been preserved to this day. (Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan Fire Companion); Guanfu Baling wins in Dongting Lake. (Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower")
4. Yu: can be translated as "I"
Example: I have been listening for a long time. (Wang Anshi "On"); When I was in love with Peach Blossom, I couldn't bear to leave. (Two tours to West Lake in Yuan Hongdao)
5. Me: Used in the first person, me and mine. (After Qin Shihuang, it became the emperor's special name)
Exodus: My Emperor Cowboyong. (Qu Yuan's Li Sao)
(2) Modesty replaces the first person, mainly including "fool", "minister", "servant", "humble", "certain", "villain" (ordinary people claim), "widowed", "solitary" (monarch claims) and "concubine" but modesty is a noun, not a pronoun.
1, fool: it can be translated as "I"
Example: A fool thinks that the Huns can't attack. (Sima Qian's Historical Records Liu Shujing and Sun Tonglie Biography)
2. Minister: It can be translated as "I"
Ex.: I am wearing a cloth and plowing in Nanyang. (Zhuge Liang's Model); Now in the bone marrow, I didn't invite. (Han Feizi "Bian Que meets Cai Huangong")
3. Servant: It can be translated as "I"
Exodus: The servant was frightened when he first heard it, but he was happy when he doubted it. (Liu Zongyuan's Fire Book of He Shenyuan); Li Yuan asked, "What is your relationship with your servant?" (Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu")
I can be translated as "I"
Exodus: I am stupid, but I don't understand wolves. (Ma's Biography of Zhongshan Wolf)
5, bucai: can be translated as "I"
Exodus: Only when we are competitive can we say that our position and language are not gifted, and then we will not be deeply touched. (Steven Song "Sue Liu Yitai")
6. A: It can be translated as "I"
For example, someone who is outnumbered wants to help and resist. (Wang Anshi's "Answering Sima Suggestions")
7. Villain: In ancient times, men called themselves "little boys" or "little boys" to those who were above themselves or their peers.
Example: the villain is really incompetent. (Zuo Qiuming's Thirty-one Years of Zuo Zhuan's "xianggong")
8. Minister: the humble name of a vassal can be translated into "minister"
Example: Huan Hou said, "I'm not sick." (Han Feizi's Bian Que Meets Cai Huangong); The king of Qin sent someone to summon the king of Anling, saying, "I want to ease Anling with a land of 500 miles. A Ling Jun, who is my widow? " ("Warring States Policy, Sui Tang Live up to its Mission")
9. cuckoo: the words of ancient kings who boasted of modesty can be translated into "I"
Exodus: What should we do if we don't take advantage of the valley? The good of our ancestors is succession, just as good as not taking advantage of the valley. (Zuo Qiuming's "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Four Years")
10, solitude: the humble title of ancient princes can be translated as "I".
For example, all say, "Do you want to be a doctor alone?" ! But when you are involved in the past, you can talk about many things, which one is lonely? I often study alone, which I think is very beneficial. "(Sima Guang's" Zi Tongzhi Sun Jianquan Advise School ")
1 1. concubine: the honorific title of ancient women, which can be translated as "I".
Exodus: My wife said, "I heard that people with lofty ideals don't drink water from stolen springs, and honest people don't get food from others." (Ye Fan's "The Wife of Le Yangzi")
(2), the classical Chinese second person said.
First, the second person pronouns are mainly like, female, child, if, child and nai.
1, Ru: It can be translated as "you" and "yours".
Exodus: Sorry, but you don't like it. ("Yu Gong Yi Shan"); The two children smiled and said, "Who is Zhihu?" (Days of Two Children Arguing)
2. Female: The usage is the same as "Ru", which can be translated as "You" and "Yours".
Example: Confucius said, "What do you know? Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing. " ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")
3. Er: it can be translated as "you" and "yours ("you "and" yours ")".
Exodus: Kang Su said angrily, "Er 'an dares to shoot lightly." (The Oil Man)
4.If can be translated as "you" and "yours ('you' and' yours')".
Example: Answer with a smile: "If you are a servant, how can you be rich?" (The Chen She Family); I said sadly, "What if it is poisonous?" ("The Snake Catcher said")
Also, the old saying "er" can be translated as "you" and "yours (yours, yours)".
Exodus: The child died when he came back, but his parents died. (Mandarin Wu Yu); It's all in wine and meat, and it's all in your mouth and nose, but how do you know where it comes from? ("Zhuangzi Xu Wugui")
6.Nai can be translated as "you" and "yours".
Who is a brave man in Exodus? (Historical Records Biography of Hengshan Mountain in Huainan) Julian Waghann set the Central Plains in the north, and the family sacrifice never forgets. (Lu You's "Xiuer")
Note: female (such as), child and if can be used as subject, attribute and object. However, ""is rarely used as a subject, not an object, but generally only as an attribute.
7. Jun:
Zi: In ancient times, people called him a teacher or a moral and learned man. Relatively speaking, the word "jun" is relatively broad.
Exodus: Zi said in Sichuan that "the deceased is like a husband", and he never gives up day and night! (The Analects of Confucius)
9.Nai can be translated as "you" and "yours".
Example:
10, Nye: It can be translated as "you" and "yours".
Example:
Second, honorifics replace the second person's address, mainly including "Gong", "Qing", "Jun", "Zi" and "First Step". But honorifics are not pronouns, but nouns.
1, Qing: It can be translated as "you" and "you".
Exodus: At the beginning, everyone said, "Now, you should get rid of your chores and have to study." ("Sun Quan Persuades Learning"); The ghost said, "Qing is too heavy, can't it be a ghost?" ("Song Ding Bo Catch Ghosts")
Jun: Your respectful address can be translated into "you" and "you".
Example: Bian Que said, "If you get sick, you will be afraid if you don't treat it." ("Bian Que meets Cai Huangong"); His wife raised her question: "With your strength, you will never destroy the mountains of chief fathers such as Taihang and Prince Wu. And what about mud and stones? " ("Yu Gong Yi Shan"); Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance. (Du Fu's "On Meeting Li Guinian Downstream"); You must remember the best scenery in a year, which is in the late autumn and early winter of orange and green. (Su Shi's Winter Scene)
3. Zi: It can be translated into "you" and "you".
For example, the rich said, "Why should I go?" (for learning); Who can't smell the book? (Huang Sheng Borrows Books); The king said, "Is there no one here? Let children become ambassadors. " ("Two Stories of Yan Zi")
Note: "Jun" and "Zi" are both second person pronouns, both of which have the meaning of respect. Zi was called a teacher or a moral and learned person in ancient times. Relatively speaking, the word "jun" is relatively broad.
4. Palace: honorific, which can be translated as "You", and adding "Equal" after "Palace" means plural.
Exodus: The summoner said, "If it rains, it will be overdue. Cut it off." (The Chen She Family)
Qing: It can be translated as "you" to show respect or affection.
Exodus: Today, you have a big plan, which is the same as loneliness. ("Zi Jian") is now in the Qing Dynasty. (son "Han Jianji")
Step 6: It can be translated as "you".
Exodus: The soothsayer knew what he meant and said, "Everything is done in one step, and you have done meritorious service. However, the ghost of the first step! " (The Chen She Family)