While absorbing the essence of ancient books, Zu Chongzhi personally observed the experiment and corrected the shortcomings and mistakes of predecessors with measured data and innovative conclusions. He "personally measured the ruler, overlooked the documents, tried his best, and tried his best to make suggestions." This hard-working spirit, serious attitude, down-to-earth style, and fearless spirit of not flattering powerful people and pursuing truth have made him make great contributions in astronomy, mathematics and machinery.
As for the astronomical calendar, Zu Chongzhi formulated the Daming Calendar, in which the emperor suggested replacing the Yuan Jiali Calendar with many mistakes, but it was not adopted after a heated argument with the old school Dai Dexing, and it was not promulgated in the Liang Dynasty until ten years after his death. In the Ming calendar, the leap method of 19 7 is changed to 39 1 144, which is more realistic.
Mathematically, Zu Chongzhi calculated pi between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927. According to the speculation in the history of mathematics, this result may be obtained by Zu Chongzhi's further application of Liu Hui's cyclotomy, and its accuracy reached a very high level, which lasted for more than 900 years until15th century. , indicating 1436) breakthrough. Zu Chongzhi also proposed approximate rate (=) and secret rate (=). The accuracy of the secret rate is also very high, which is earlier than the same discovery made by Dutch engineer Antuoni 1000 years. At that time, Zu Chongzhi's Zhuanshu was designated as a must-read classic for the literati in the Tang Dynasty because "the literati could not study it deeply, so they didn't pay attention to it", but it was lost in 1 1 century.
In terms of production and application, Zu Chongzhi reformed the South Guide Car, and made a water hammer mill, a thousand-mile boat, a leaky clock and so on.
Zu Chongzhi has a wide range of interests and is brilliant. He has profound attainments in philosophy, literature and music. He annotated the Book of Changes and The Analects of Confucius, and also wrote a ten-volume novel, Shuo Wen Jie Zi.
Zu Chongzhi's outstanding achievement is a glorious chapter in the history of world science, and his great contribution is admired by the world. Zu Chongzhi's portrait and pi are engraved on the wall of the Paris Museum of Science, Zu Chongzhi's statue is hung beside the corridor of Moscow University, and the newly discovered mountain range on the moon is named "Zu Chongzhi Mountain".
Euler, a blind mathematician.
Euler (1707— 1783) is a world-famous mathematician and physicist. If we judge the three most famous mathematicians in the world from the far-reaching influence of mathematical achievements and mathematical thinking methods on the future development of mathematics, we usually refer to Archimedes, Newton and Gauss (Gauss, Germany, 1777- 1855), but some people praise Euler as the third. It doesn't matter where Euler ranks. After all, he was a central figure in the field of mathematics in the18th century, and was honored as "everyone's teacher" by all mathematicians of that era.
Euler's father loved mathematics, and Euler was well influenced by his family since childhood. When I was in college, I met a member of the Jacob Bernoulli family (Swiss, 1654- 1705). When I was 16 years old, I got a master's degree with honors. He was a member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences and director of the Institute of Physical Mathematics of the Berlin Academy of Sciences. Euler is the most prolific scientist in the field of mathematics. He started writing at the age of 19 until his death at the age of 76. * * * published more than 500 papers and monographs, and there were more than 400 unpublished manuscripts. 1909, the Swiss Academy of Sciences began to publish the complete works of Euler, with a total of 74 volumes, which had not been published in the 1980s. Euler's works are vast, which not only contain scientific thoughts, but also are full of scientific thoughts and thinking processes. They flow into the pen, and the writing is smooth, brilliant and full of literary talent. Therefore, he is known as "Shakespeare in mathematics". Euler is knowledgeable and has a wide range of knowledge. Formulas and theorems named after him can be seen in many disciplines. He has made outstanding contributions to the development of mathematics and other sciences. He learned to educate people, recommended and promoted talents, and his quality was noble, which was admired by future generations.
In astronomical research, 28-year-old Euler lost his right eye in 1735 due to long-term observation of the sun. After that, he was still diligent, his eyesight declined gradually, and he was blind in his left eye at the age of 58 (1766). This scientific old man, who is nearly sixty years old, has lost the light of nature, but has rekindled the lighthouse of the spiritual world. He swore: "If fate is a hard stone, I will turn it into a sledgehammer and smash it to pieces!" " Happiness never comes in pairs, but it never rains alone. 177 1 year, a fire burned most of Euler's books and manuscripts to ashes; 1776, wife died. Repeated blows did not discourage Euler. With extraordinary perseverance, superhuman intelligence, rich knowledge, amazing memory and free mental arithmetic ability, he created thinking through dictation and children's records, and engaged in special scientific research activities that were "unprecedented and unprecedented". Euler's indomitable perseverance and rare memory fascinated the world. For example, in his later years, he can often repeat the notes of his youth. On one occasion, two of his students calculated the sum of the same number composed of 17 respectively, and the result was different by a number in the 50th place. Euler determined their right and wrong through mental arithmetic. During the blind 17 years, the brilliant Euler published more than 400 kinds of papers and monographs, almost half of his life's works. No wonder Newman called Euler "the hero of mathematicians".