Format and writing
The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because research papers focus on research methods and results, especially positive results, while literature review requires readers to introduce detailed information, trends, progress, prospects and comments in the above aspects. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: preface, theme, summary and references. When writing a literature review, you can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.
The preface mainly explains the purpose of writing, introduces related concepts and definitions, outlines the scope, and briefly explains the current situation or focus of debate of related topics, so that readers can have a preliminary outline of the problems to be described in the full text.
The theme part is the main body of the summary, and the writing methods are diverse and there is no fixed format. It can be summarized in chronological order and compared from different angles according to different problems. No matter which format is adopted, the collected documents should be summarized, sorted, analyzed and compared, and the historical background, present situation and development direction of related topics and comments on these issues should be made clear. In the theme part, we should pay special attention to representative, scientific and creative references and comments.
The summary part is somewhat similar to the summary of the research paper. It briefly summarizes the theme of the full text, and authors who have studied the summarized theme had better put forward their own opinions. Although references are placed at the end of the article, they are an important part of literature review. Because it not only shows the respect for the author of the cited literature and the basis of the cited literature, but also provides clues for readers to discuss related issues in depth. So take it seriously. The arrangement of references should be clear, easy to find and accurate. Regarding the use of references, the recorded items and formats are the same as those of research papers, and they are not repeated.
Question 2: What is the purpose of writing a summary? The purpose of the summary is to:
(1) Show the familiarity with a certain knowledge system, and let others judge the professional ability and knowledge background of researchers, so as to gain the trust of others.
(2) Show the past research route and the correlation between the ongoing research and the previous research work. Find a valuable topic.
(3) Integrate and summarize the known research results in a certain field, so that people can realize the possible research direction in the future. Looking for "the shoulders of giants".
(4) Learn from others and (point out blind spots) generate new ideas.
Question 3: What is the difference between the opening report of undergraduate thesis and literature review in research purpose, significance, value and motivation? What are the requirements for your opening report?
How many words does the opening report need?
Have you finished the task book of the opening report?
Can you tell me the specific typesetting format requirements? I hope I can help you. Good luck.
The opening report mainly includes the following aspects:
(A) the name of the paper
The name of the paper is the name of the subject.
First, the name should be accurate and standardized. Accuracy means that the title of the paper should clearly explain what the problem is and what the research object is. The name of the paper must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and you should accurately summarize your research objects and problems.
Second, the name should be concise, not too long. Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words.
(2) The purpose and significance of the research.
The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. This can generally be based on the actual needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what practical role this research has, and then writing the theoretical and academic value of the paper. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. The main contents include: (1) the relevant background of the study (the proposal of the subject): that is, what is the basis and inspiration of this study. ⑵ By analyzing the local (school) education and teaching practice, point out why we should study this topic, the value of the research and the problems to be solved.
(3) The history and present situation of this thesis at home and abroad (literature review).
It should be standardized, and minor items can be omitted. Generally, it includes: mastering the breadth, depth and achievements of its research; Look for the problems that need further study, so as to determine the research platform (starting point), research characteristics or breakthrough point of this topic.
(D) The guiding ideology of the thesis research
The guiding ideology is what direction should be adhered to and what requirements should be met. This direction or requirement can be philosophy, political theory, educational development planning, and guiding opinions on research issues.
(E) the goal of writing a thesis
The goal of thesis writing is the specific goal to be achieved at the end of the project, and what specific problems to be solved is the predetermined goal of this thesis: namely, the goal orientation of this thesis writing, the goal should be closely related to the project, and the words should be accurate, concise and clear.
Common problems are: not writing research objectives; The target deduction is not strict; The target word is inaccurate; The goal is set too high, and the predetermined goal has not been studied or can not be studied.
When determining the goal of thesis writing, on the one hand, we should consider the requirements of the subject itself, on the other hand, we should examine the actual working conditions and work level.
(6) The basic content of the paper.
The research content should be more specific and clear. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, which are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When determining the research content, people often don't consider it very specifically. The research content of writing is particularly general and vague, and the purpose and significance of writing are taken as the research content.
The basic contents generally include: (1) the definition of the topic of the paper. Three points should be clarified as far as possible: research object, research problem and research method. ⑵ Definition of theories, nouns, terms and concepts related to this writing.
(7) Writing methods of papers
Specific writing methods can be selected from the following methods: observation, investigation, experiment, experience summary, case study, comparative study, literature and so on.
(eight) the steps of thesis writing
The steps of thesis writing are also the arrangement of the time and order of thesis writing. The steps of writing a thesis should fully consider the relationship and difficulty of the research content. Generally speaking, it starts with the basic problems and is carried out in stages. When each stage starts and ends, there must be rules. The main steps and time schedule of the study include: what stages are the whole study divided into; I hope I can help you with the start and end time of each stage.
How to write an opening report?
First of all, we should sort out the information collected in the preparatory work, including the name, content, theoretical basis, participants, organizational arrangements and division of labor, estimated time and funds, etc.
The first is the drafting of the title. The topic has been established in the preparatory work, so the topic of the opening report is not a problem. Just write down your research topic directly. For example, I have taught a group of students the culture of Lun religion, such as >>
Question 4: Does the opening report of graduation thesis have to include the following four points: subject background, significance of topic selection, literature review and research purpose? The opening report can help you write it.
Beginners learn how to operate these argumentative papers,
We can start with imitation. Take an article as an example. The most typical is Wu Han's "Talking about the Backbone":
1. Introduction: From the beginning, we put forward the argument that we China people have backbone.
Then use Mencius' words to explain the argument that "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent".
2. This part: Prove the argument with three examples: Wen Tianxiang is rich and cannot be lewd; The poverty of the poor who do not eat can not be moved, and the strength of Wen Yiduo can not be bent.
3. Conclusion: Explain the backbone of the proletariat today and issue a call.
There is a transition between the three parts: between introduction and theory, there are "many touching stories of our ancestors with backbone and his positive educational significance." Lead to the following three examples. Between this theory and the conclusion, there is "these words of Mencius, although said more than two thousand years ago, still have his positive significance until now." Make a change.
Between the first and second situations, there is a transition between "another story" and "another example". These transitional sentences make the article seamless.
The three parts answer three questions respectively: the introduction part answers the question "what is it"; This part answers the question "Why?"; The conclusion part answers the question "What should we do?".
All three cases are summarized, and each case is followed by a few short sentences. These arguments clarify the significance of the incident, tie the case tightly to the argument, and are the link between the argument and the argument. Otherwise, it will be practical, and the argument will be out of line.
Argumentative writing is a kind of style with argumentation as the main expression. By listing factual materials and using logical reasoning, this paper expounds the knowledge and understanding of things and shows the views and attitudes towards problems. People from all walks of life need to read and write frequently in order to accept or express their ideas.
An argumentative essay usually contains three elements: argument, argument and argument. Argument is the ideological viewpoint expounded in argumentative essay; Argumentation is the basis of this paper to prove the argument; Argumentation is to reveal the logical relationship between arguments and arguments. The close relationship between the three constitutes the main body of the argumentative paper.
Question 5: How to write hello in the research report and literature review in the opening report? As the first floor said, the opening report is different from the literature review.
1. The purpose of the opening report is to explain the significance and feasibility of this topic. Literature review is to sort out all the views of relevant research at home and abroad on your research topic and ensure that your research is based on the latest research.
2. The opening report and literature review also have great relevance. The quality of literature review directly affects whether your opening report is recognized by experts. The opening report includes the reasons and background of the topic selection, a summary of domestic and foreign research literature in related fields, your research ideas and technical routes, research contents, research steps, research conclusions, social and economic benefits of the research, etc. In a word, your research is very valuable and may produce results through your research.
At present, your literature review has been written, and the key is research design. You can write the opening report according to this outline according to your literature review and other relevant materials, combined with your personal thinking:
1. Research background and purpose
1. 1 Definition of research topics and objects
1.2 research purpose and significance
1.3 research content (written in detail)
2. Literature review
2. 1 foreign research and practice
2.2 Domestic research and practice
2.3 Reference and Enlightenment
3. Research and design
3. 1 research ideas
3.2 Research methods
3.3 Research Steps
3.4 Technical route
4. Research conclusions
4. 1……
4.2……
5. Social and economic benefits
5. 1 Social benefits of research results
5.2 Economic benefits of research results
6. Feasibility of the study and possible difficulties.
refer to
The above are personal suggestions, for reference only, and need to be finalized in combination with your topic selection.
Question 6: Is it the same thing to write a thesis opening report, a literature review and the research status at home and abroad? 1 the general part of the general opening report should first propose the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic, the research status, theoretical application, research methods and necessary data of related topics. 2 Outline The outline of the paper contained in the opening report can be very thick, which is a basic framework for research ideas. It can be in the form of a whole sentence or an outline. In the opening stage, the purpose of the outline is to let people know the basic framework of the paper, and it is not necessary to be as detailed as the paper catalogue. Opening report student: 1. Significance of topic selection 1, theoretical significance 2. Practical significance II. Abstract 1, the origin and evolution of theory II. A summary of foreign related research. A summary of domestic research. My evaluation of the above summary 3. Introduction of the paper 1. 1, 2, 3, 2, 65433. 1, 2, 3, conclusion 4. Progress of thesis writing Outline of graduation thesis opening report 1. Cover of opening report: thesis title, department, major, grade, name and tutor 2. Purpose, significance and research survey at home and abroad. Theoretical basis, research methods and research contents. Research conditions and possible problems. Schedule
Question 7: How to write the opening report and literature review is actually to make a PPT, including your purpose and significance, research content, technical route, problems to be solved, research foundation, innovations, project results and forms; Abstract of an article is a comprehensive exposition of a certain aspect after reading a large number of documents.