1. Beihai was once called Haikou.
There are two Silk Roads in China. One is called the Silk Road on Land. After the Tang Dynasty, in the northwest, the Silk Road passed through desert, East Asia, Arabia and Africa. The other is earlier, called the Maritime Silk Road. The main starting points of the Maritime Silk Road are Hepu in Guangxi and Xuwen in Guangzhou. Because the Pearl River Estuary was not open at that time, Hepu became the most important sea base. From there, the raw materials enter Lingqu via Xiangjiang River, and then hoard in tengxian, Cangwu and Wuzhou along Gui Jiang, and then enter Nanliujiang along Beijiang River, where they are transported to Beihai, which is called "Haikou". Therefore, Hepu became the most important maritime base and port of China's Maritime Silk Road as early as the pre-Qin period. Beihai means Haikou in Zhuang language. "North" is a Zhuang language, which means "mouth".
The ancestors of Zhuang and Dong in China developed the South China Sea as early as the Neolithic Age, and on this basis, they opened up the Maritime Silk Road. The footprints of the ancestors of ethnic minorities in Guangxi even crossed the ocean and reached the American continent.
What is the basis for this?
China people went to the United States thousands of years ago, which has long existed in folklore. Zhuang folk legend "mother and son travel all over the world" is a household name. The story tells that the ancestors of Zhuang nationality yearned for the rising sun in the east, and a strong man struggled forward. But another young man said: I am young, my life is longer than yours, and my vision is far away. It is appropriate for me to go. Everyone thought it was right and agreed to let him go. At this time, a young pregnant woman stood up and said, I'd better go It is a long way to find the horizon. It would be a mistake if I can't walk all my life. I have a baby in my belly. If I can't walk, I will let the baby walk. Insurance! Everyone was very moved and agreed that pregnant women should look for the horizon. Pregnant women bravely went on the road, but they didn't reach the horizon. Her son continued his mother's journey and finally found the horizon. He became the morning star of the Far East, rising from the East every morning and telling his brothers in his hometown: I found the horizon!
This story contains the worship of the sun by the ancestors of Zhuang nationality and their desire to go out to sea to find a new living space.
These strange rocks come from the far east.
The legend that Americans first arrived in China was finally confirmed by facts. 1975, Miles Terry, an American diver, found a strange stone shaped like a tire in the waters near Los Angeles, weighing 250kg. He and his partner continued their search and found eight strange stones. After identification, the "strange stones" are five stone anchors, two stone pillows and 1 stone code (anchor lifting tools). More similar rocks were found in 1976, reaching more than 30 pieces. Professor moriarty, an archaeologist in San Diego, described it this way: "There are two newly discovered stone anchors, two cylinders and a regular triangle artificial stone product. The other is' a big round stone with a hole in the middle', and a thin layer of manganese ore is gathered on the stone. "
Where did these stones come from? Clement Mien, an authority on Indian culture at the University of California, said: "This kind of stone is obviously not made by Indians." American geologists Pearson and Professor moriarty pointed out that this kind of stone is sandstone (limestone) and does not exist in the Pacific coast of America. American scholars finally found this kind of stone in the South China Sea coast of China, and found the navigation records more than 2,000 years ago in China literature. At that time, ships used stone anchors, the shape of which was the same as that found in California shallow sea. To be sure, it was left in China by southerners from China who arrived in the United States earlier. They measured the manganese on the surface of the stone anchor, with a thickness of 3 mm, and the accumulation of manganese on the surface of the stone was 1 0,000 years and 1 mm, so it can be concluded that the southerners of China reached 3000 years ago.
The news inspired the people of China! Experts from Peking University rushed to the United States to identify stone anchors, and the conclusion was the same as that of American experts. According to investigation, stone anchors were called "moraine" and "moraine" in ancient China. The dictionary interprets it as a hanging stone, which means that sagging stabilizes the ship and is an early tool used to stabilize the ship. It has three functions, one is to be launched as an anchor when stopping the ship; Second, when sailing, be a ship and stone to sail steadily; Third, stone locks can be used as physical exercise tools at ordinary times. "The Biography of Confucius in the New Tang Dynasty" said: "I am an envoy of Lingnan. If I have to pay taxes, I am forbidden to do so." It can be seen that Lingnan ships only have the custom of using stone anchors as town stones. On the model pottery boat unearthed in the eastern suburb of Guangzhou, there is a stone anchor hanging from the bow. The bronze drum unearthed in Guigang, Guangxi is engraved with bird-shaped ship patterns, and the bow and stern are engraved with stone anchors with long ropes. This is a seagoing ship, so there are two anchors to prevent huge waves from flooding the ship when berthing. What was unearthed in Hemudu is a real stone anchor. Stone anchors were used in Zhuang areas until the early days of the founding of New China. 195 1 year, the author once saw a ship anchored with stones in Kurenai Wataru, Mashan, Guangxi.
Professor Shi, a well-known expert in Vietnamese history at Minzu University of China and deputy director of the editorial board of Pacific Ocean, said: "First, the Vietnamese fleet on the southeast coast of ancient China arrived in North and South America as early as A.D. 12000 for various reasons. Second, they broke through two ancient roads in the Pacific Ocean from west to east, namely, the route from the north shore of the Pacific Ocean and the islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The stone anchors left in the "shallow sea" of North America and the Shi Mao scattered in the Pacific Islands and even South America are the physical witnesses of the ancient Vietnamese opening the Pacific route. Third, the Vietnamese fleet was not the first person in the world to come to America by sea, but it was at least thousands of years before Columbus arrived in the West Indies. Fourth, maritime traffic between Asia and the United States began at least one or two thousand years ago. "
This chain winds in the Pacific Ocean.
So, where is the route to America?
In Oceania in the South Pacific, there are a series of islands from west to east, forming a chain. Luoyue people set out from the South China Sea, from dongsha islands or Xisha Islands to zhongsha islands, and then to Taiping Island in Nansha Islands. When you are ready, cross the Sulu Sea and Sulawesi Sea, stop in sunda islands, and then head east to Sirian Island. Cross the Coral Sea, stop for supplies in Fiji and Samoa, and then continue eastward through Cook Islands and Tubui Islands. Arrive in South America along Pitek Island, Yuxi Island, Easter Island and St. Ann Brosiu Island.
On this route, there are many islands and reefs along the way, which are called chain belts. The island is surrounded by lush vegetation and aquatic animals, which provides an inexhaustible source of food and clothing for navigators. This chain is parallel to the equator, and the distance is not far. The climate is warm and humid, and it can be sailed all year round. 3000 years ago, due to the worship of the sun, the Yue people looked east for the place where the sun rose. Under the pressure of the north, the Luoyue people on the seashore looked east for a new world of survival under the guidance of primitive religion. They patiently walked eastward from one island to another and finally reached America.
Archaeological findings show that Luo Yue people have a clever way to deal with the waves when they go out to sea-connecting two boats with three poles in the middle, which is called catamaran, which is called "catamaran" in ancient books. Catamarans walk slowly, but they don't turn over easily.
In addition to the stone anchor, other footprints were left on the route that Luoyue people walked:
(1) Duanshizan: Experts believe that Duanshizan is a production tool of the Yue people in the late Neolithic period in China and one of the main symbols of the Yue culture, which is distributed in the southeast coast of China and Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces in South China. Renyue stone hairpin is different from Zhongyuan stone hairpin in that it has a ridge in the middle, so that it can be easily tied to a pickaxe-shaped wooden handle. Such tools have been unearthed in places where Vietnamese people have been. Lin, a famous archaeological expert in China, wrote: "Nanyang, the Pacific Ocean and South America have also found that there are quite a few Philippines. Polynesian islands in the Pacific Ocean, such as Hawaii, Marquesas, Chassam, Cook, Tahiti and other islands. It is also found in Easter Island in the eastern Pacific and even Ecuador in South America. " Lin further pointed out: "The reason for Duan Shijie's spread is that' due to the great migration of the nation, the material culture of mankind has also spread'."
(2) Luo Yue left the urn coffin for burial. The urn coffin burial found in Taben Cave, palawan island, central Philippines, is the same age as the stone anchor in California, USA. As early as 10,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Zhuang nationality left urns and coffins. Zhuang nationality still retains this custom completely.
(3) hanging coffins. In the pre-Qin period, the southern nationalities had the custom of placing coffins under the eaves of cliffs or caves, and Luoyue people were no exception. They brought this custom to the chain islands in the Pacific Ocean.
(4) Through scientific determination, the DNA of the people in the chain area is very close to that of the Zhuang nationality, indicating that the people in the chain area are very close to the people in South China in blood. Hideo Matsumoto, a scientist at Osaka Medical University in Japan, found through DNA research that the gene frequency of Easter Islanders is the same as that of Lingnan Zhuang people, reaching 67%. Neil Neanderthals in Kalimantan and Lahu Lake ancients in Vilander, Australia, have certain connections with Liujiang people in Guangxi.
(5) Ganlan Building. Gan Lan architecture is the creation of ancestors of Zhuang and Dong languages. Up to now, there are still many Gan Lan in their residence. There are many dry fences along the chain-shaped islands, such as New Guineans and melanesians, who still like to live in dry fences. Houses in other islands also have more or less the characteristics of dry columns.
(6) eat sashimi. Zhuang people like to eat sashimi, which is called "Ba Sheng" in Zhuang language. The word "raw fish" in Cantonese today comes from Zhuang language, which shows that it is the food of Zhuang people. This custom is still common on the chain island.
(7) tattoos. The ancient history says, "Wearing tattoos and crossing your left arms makes you look more like a man." There are many customs along the chain islands, similar to the heritage of the Vietnamese in Lingnan.
(8) Language fossils. Professor Ni Dabai from the Central University for Nationalities, Professor Bai Paul from the United States, Professor Odrix Gul from the United States and Professor Matisov from the United States all believe that Zhuang language is related to Austronesian language family represented by Malay-Polynesian language. In Mayan language, "foot" is called "card", and in Zhuang language, "foot" is also called "card". Similar words can also be found in American Indian languages.
A chain route and many archaeological sites silently prove the feat of Luo Yue, the ancestor of Zhuang nationality, crossing the Pacific Ocean as early as 3000 years ago. ...