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As early as the Qin and Han Dynasties, the nature and types of China's military books have been scientifically revealed and summarized. Hong Ren, the commander-in-chief of infantry, systematically classified the collected military books in the process of sorting out the third military book of Han Dynasty. On Hong Ren's Four-level and Two-level Military Books refers to the division of military experts into four categories: military tactics experts, military situation experts, military yin and yang experts and military technicians according to the basic contents and main characteristics of the military books before the middle of the Western Han Dynasty. However, although the number of military books at that time was amazing, most of them belonged to the traditional theory, that is, tiger paintings about cats had limited academic value and were not worth mentioning. In this sense, the seven military classics compiled in the Song Dynasty are among the best. Military classics are the most concentrated embodiment of ancient military culture in China.
Song Dynasty is a very interesting dynasty in the history of China. The virtue of a good life is admirable. The principles of loyalty and forgiveness will always exist. The life of ordinary people in the Song Dynasty was undoubtedly relatively calm and comfortable. Look at the life scenes of Bianjing people directly reflected in Zhang Zeduan's The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, and then look at the bustling scenes of Goulan and Washe recorded in the notes of Wulin Biography and Tokyo Dream Lu Hua by Song people. We have to admit that the prosperity and economic development of cities in the Song Dynasty basically enabled the people to live a decent life.
At the same time, the Song Dynasty paid attention to improving the combat effectiveness of the army and strengthening the research and application of military scientific theories. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, it became a common practice to study the theory of military science and make use of the wisdom of military experts to make up for the shortage of military strength. In the upsurge of inheriting and carrying forward the theory of military science, seven military classics have been produced.
During the Northern Dynasties, in order to meet the needs of "Wushu" teaching and training, the court ordered imperial academy Zhu Fu and Dr He Fei to fly. In the past three years, Yuan Feng has compiled and published Sun Zi, Woods, Tamia Liu, Sima Fa, Zi Zi, Li and other issues related to Emperor Taizong. Since then, seven books on military science, represented by Sun Tzu's The Art of War, have been officially named Seven Books on Military Science, becoming the first military theory textbook published by the official school magazine in ancient China.
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How to select a few representative military books from so many military books handed down as martial arts classics into basic martial arts textbooks is a very arduous challenge, and it is also a major test of the academic vision, military literacy and cultural insight of the seven military classic writers. It requires four basic objectives: First, the limited military books can systematically and completely reflect the overall achievements and basic characteristics of China's military science development before the Song Dynasty. Second, the limited choice of military books can have distinct personality characteristics and important representativeness, and can complement each other and play a role. Third, the limited military books should be different in ideological, academic and literary aspects, leading to perfection and having exemplary significance. Fourth, limited choice of military books, appropriate length, reading and writing. Meet the needs of Wushu teaching and facilitate people to learn and master.
It should be said that Zhu Fu, He Qufei and others do have extraordinary knowledge. Completed the selection of classic military scripts and realized the original intention of the court to compile basic martial arts textbooks. These seven military books are the best choice.
The main value of Sima Fa is that it reflects the main contents and basic characteristics of military thought before the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. This is a mixed art book with the ancient background and the combination of ancient and modern. Its basic content consists of three parts: the wrath of the ancient Sima Wang, that is, the military works of the code learned by officers in the Western Zhou Dynasty, is its main part. Sima Lang Ju, a famous strategist of Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period, and his interpretation of Sima Shi's art of war. In the middle of the Warring States Period, Dr. Yue in the late summer under Qi Weiwang added some military terms when he "discussed" Sima Yi's ancient art of war according to the new characteristics of the Warring States War. Generally speaking, it was established in the Western Zhou Dynasty from the Yellow Emperor to the Shang Dynasty, developed in the Spring and Autumn Period and was written in the middle of the Warring States Period. It has a profound historical background and reflects various military concepts, operational characteristics and military systems in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States Period. Its historical and cultural value cannot be underestimated.
Its importance lies in that it is not only the only work of the existing "military strategists", but also reflects the infiltration and influence of legalist thought on the Warring States period to a great extent, and preserves a lot of precious original materials about the military system of the Warring States period. The concepts of "fighting with righteousness" and "fighting with the army" advocated by him, as well as the guiding ideology of "governing the army according to law", "judging the situation" and "acting rashly" have left a glorious mark on the history of China's military science development.
Wu Jing, also known as Wu Qi's Art of War, is the main carrier of Wu Qi's military thought, with nearly 5,000 words. It also records some of Wu Qi's life and activities. Wu Qi and his followers compiled it into a book. It is true that Woods' theoretical characteristics are relatively thin, but he is still a valuable military work, especially the discussion on the concept of war and the theory of running the army, which is unique and profound. For example, Wuqi was educated by Confucian Ceng Zi. Therefore, when discussing military management, he often uses important Confucian categories such as benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, morality and religion. In fact, this is the beginning of "the integration of military and Confucianism" in later generations, which embodies the mainstream values of China's ancient military science. Therefore, it is no accident that Woods occupies a place in the seven military classics.
Its contribution lies in that it is a masterpiece of military science theory in the pre-Qin period, which embodies the profound imprint of the academic thought of military writing at the end of the Warring States period. Specifically, first of all, it has the integrity and systematicness of the military art system. The scope of discussion includes the relationship between politics, economy and military, comprehensive strategy, military strategy, military management theory, operational guiding principles, national defense construction ideas, military logistics policies and so on. , thus constructing a very complete theoretical system of military science. Secondly, there was a wide range of social and political thoughts at that time, and the level of the six towers was high. This includes Huang Lao's research on inaction, his insistence on the guiding nature of mass unity, the profound influence of Confucian people-oriented thought, and the participation of Legalists and Mohists to varying degrees. Third, many problems expounded in Sun Tzu's The Art of War have unique originality and enlightening significance. For example, the ingenious application of the twelve methods in Sun Tzu's Art of War and the specific "headquarters" thought in the early stage of the Seven Classics of the Art of War are powerful examples in this regard. Obviously, "Tamia Liu" also has an irreplaceable position in the "Seven Classics of Military Strategists".
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Sun Tzu's Art of War is a remarkable feature of feudal unified military science in Qin and Han Dynasties. Qin and Han Dynasties was the period of establishing a unified feudal empire in the history of China. A unified feudal empire needs military science to serve unity. "Three Theories" is the inevitable product of this era. It not only summarizes the experience of "taking the world", but also discusses the basic principles of "fixing the world" and "governing the world". The cultural spirit of this era has been clearly reflected in the theoretical purpose of self-expression in the "three views", such as "setting gifts, offering rewards, not adulterating, achieving great things", "serving people with virtue, abusing power for personal gain", "serving people with virtue, putting safety first, and being a saint thief". 1998 The cultural spirit of the era of great unification is mainly reflected in the following two aspects: First, the outstanding feature of Liao is its emphasis on political strategy, which is very different from Liu Tao's emphasis on military strategy in the pre-Qin art books. This is the objective reflection and inevitable significance of the spirit of the unified era in guiding and standardizing the construction of military science. Secondly, another remarkable feature of this book is that it puts forward a series of important principles on how to govern the people. This is also one of the concrete manifestations of the cultural spirit that guides and regulates the theoretical construction of military science in the era of great unity. In this sense, Six Towers is more like a book on political science. Its appearance and spread show that military is subordinate to politics, and it has become an irreversible fact to strengthen military political ethics. Not surprisingly, he was selected as a seven-volume military classic.
This book explains and deepens the philosophy of military science with examples of war, and has made greater achievements than the previous book. Specifically, the author of Wenhua inherits and develops Wang Yi's methods, and expounds and discusses the principles of strategy and tactics with concrete examples. He developed the research method of military art from simple philosophical reasoning to a new field of close combination of theory and practice. On the basis of summing up the war experience, he enriched and deepened the strategic and tactical principles, making them closer to science. This is a great contribution to the study of classical military theory. At the same time, the research perspective and the resulting characteristics also show that the focus of classical military science began to shift from the strategic level to the operational and tactical level, which shows that with the increasing enrichment of war practice, people's understanding of military rationality tends to be diversified, complicated, refined and deepened.
Therefore, the understanding and choice of military classics by scholars in Song Dynasty is really unique. Its unique vision and precise choice are amazing. A generation in Song Dynasty took the lead in completing the theoretical research of military science. With the spread of the "three strategies", the spirit of "building a ship at night in Guazhou and crossing the border in autumn wind" has been preserved for a long time throughout the country. This is the cultural atmosphere of the Song Dynasty, and it is also the reason why later generations have mixed feelings when talking about the Song Dynasty.
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Of course, the best version is the first of the seven military classics published in the Song Dynasty. This book was originally stored in Tuosong Building in Xinyuan, Zhejiang Road. Later, it was bought by Iwasaki in Japan and entered the Jia Library in Japan. Now, we can only see the charm of Shanghai Hanfen Building in the Three Views from the photocopy of Jing's Three Views. The ancient records of Sun Tzu's Art of War have emerged endlessly since the Song Dynasty. Among them, three types have important value and extensive influence: Shi Sanguan in Song and Jin Dynasties, Li Taizong's essays in Ming Dynasty and Liu Yin's essays in Qing Dynasty.
Source: China Discipline Inspection and Supervision News
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