(1) advocates: attach importance to education; To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone. (2 points)
Evolution:
(1) advocates: attach importance to education; To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone. (2 points)
Evolution: the independent legalist school gradually disappeared, and its legal thought was absorbed into the Confucian system and became a tool to maintain the authoritarian regime; Confucianism was established as orthodoxy and became the mainstream of China's traditional ideology and culture. (2 points)
(2) Meaning: justice, loyalty and filial piety and other traditional Confucian thoughts and morals. ( 1)
Methods: Zhu advocated "understanding" and Lu Jiuyuan advocated "understanding". (2 points)
What happened: Five Scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty initiated Neo-Confucianism, and Zhu Jian established a Neo-Confucianism system, which promoted the new development of Neo-Confucianism. (3 points)
(3) Author: Kang Youwei, Yan Fu. (2 points)
Theoretical weapon: Kao Kong's political reform, promoting the reform theory in the name of Confucius (Confucianism); The theory of evolution uses the idea of "evolution" to inspire people to demand reform and strength. (2 points)
Significance: directly mobilized and guided the reform movement; Disseminating bourgeois social, political and natural science knowledge has an enlightening effect; Criticizing the feudal system is objectively conducive to the spread of bourgeois revolutionary ideas. (3 points)
Test analysis: (1) According to the materials, "the ancient king ruled the world from the south, and it was necessary to take enlightenment as the great task", "The subject of six arts, where Confucius' skills were absent, all had their own ways, so they did not advance", which shows that Dong Zhongshu's proposition is: attach importance to enlightenment; To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone. As far as we know, Confucianism was established as an authentic thought after the Han Dynasty and became the mainstream of China's traditional ideology and culture. Independent legalists gradually disappeared, and their legal thoughts were absorbed into the Confucian system, which became a tool to maintain the autocratic regime.
(2) According to the knowledge learned, the meaning of reason is the traditional Confucian ideology and morality such as justice, loyalty and filial piety. According to the materials, "If you want to know what you say, you will be poor in everything", "Everyone has his own heart, and his heart has its own reason", Zhu advocated "learning from things" and Lu Jiuyuan advocated "understanding from the heart" to strengthen inner cultivation. The third question, combined with the knowledge learned, shows the development process of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties: the five sons of the Northern Song Dynasty initiated Neo-Confucianism, and Zhu established the Neo-Confucianism system, which promoted the new development of Neo-Confucianism.
(3) According to the knowledge learned, Kang Youwei is the author of Confucius' Reform Examination, and Huxley's Theory of Evolution was translated by Yan Fu. To test Confucius' political reform is to publicize the theory of political reform and reform under the banner of Confucius. The theory of evolution uses the idea of "evolution" to inspire people to demand reform and strength. The third question examines the positive influence of the reform thought on China society, which can be answered by combining the knowledge learned: it directly mobilized and guided the reform movement; Disseminating bourgeois social, political and natural science knowledge has an enlightening effect; Criticizing the feudal system is objectively conducive to the spread of bourgeois revolutionary ideas.