In order to strengthen the central government's jurisdiction over local governments, eliminate the contradiction between central and local governments, strengthen centralization and ensure political unity. The weak measures of "building more governors without building their strength" in the period of Emperor Wen did not achieve obvious results. During the reign of Emperor Jing, the kingdom problem became more serious. In view of the political crisis at that time, Chao Cuo, an adviser to the ancient emperors, put forward a stern proposition of "destroying the princes", arguing that it was unnecessary for the kings to "destroy the princes and oppose them". Destroy it, it is urgent and the disaster is small. Needless to say, being late is a disaster, which eventually led to the rebellion with Chu. The outbreak of the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion and the final counter-insurgency were the result of the vicious development of separatist forces in the Western Han Dynasty. Although the central government exempted the local kingdoms from administrative power, stipulated that the governors would no longer govern the people and cut down the officials of the kingdoms, the local powers of the kingdoms were still great, and their existence was a threat to the central government. How to further reduce the number of vassals and strengthen centralized rule is an urgent political problem faced by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty during his reign. In view of the lessons of the previous dynasties, in order to further weaken the local separatist forces, strengthen the imperial power and consolidate national unity, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took a series of positive measures:
(1) In view of the governors of local vassal States, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty continued to implement the policy of returning the appointment right of officials from vassal States to the central government, and adopted Zhu's suggestion: "May Your Majesty make the governors treat their descendants well and wait for their land. Everyone is happy when he is in his place, and the benevolent is divided into his country. They are a little weaker if they are not cut. " In the second year of yuanshuo (BC 127), the law of "giving kindness" was promulgated, and the name of "the prince or the person who wants to give private kindness to Ziyi" was given. "So the vassal States began to split and the children were finished." The kingdom problem was further solved through the "benevolent decree". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty cut off a large number of titles because of the poor quality of the governors' gold-plating, and promulgated the "Left Official Law" and "Attached Benefit Law" in the first year of Yuanshou (BC 122), which further restricted the local political activities of the governors. After that, "the princes had to pay taxes on clothes, rent and food, but not on politics." Through a series of measures to reduce the power of governors, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty further attacked the power of the kingdom, which was conducive to the political stability of the Western Han Dynasty and laid a solid political foundation for its prosperity.
(2) Facing the vast territory of the country, in order to strengthen the central government's control over the whole country, in the fifth year of Emperor Yuan Feng of the Han Dynasty (BC 106), the whole country was divided into thirteen monitoring areas, named thirteen states, and each state had a secretariat. Every August, the secretariat visits all the counties and countries under his command, asking "whether a case can be tried and treated, and whether the unjust prison can be broken, with six questions". In the fourth year of Zheng He (89 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established a captain. Li Si, a captain, led all the officials and disciples to "catch witchcraft and supervise big traitors". The establishment of thirteen secretariat departments and captains from Li Si strengthened the government's control over local governments. This is of great positive significance to the political stability of the country and the prevention of the development of local separatist forces.
(3) Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also dealt a powerful blow to local powerful forces, and its measures included relocating local counties and counties and cracking down on local heroes. Because the local rich man Dajia is a "traffic prince, with more power than officials" and even "bows his head to the monarch". They occupied the land for a long time, oppressed the people, annexed the land and interfered with the control of the central government. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty moved the capital to Fuxian several times, which weakened their local power. In the third year of Jianyuan (BC 138), he moved to Maoling, and in the second year of Yuanshuo (BC 127), he moved to Maoling and Yunling, with a wealth of more than three million. Through immigration measures, the expansion of local forces has been effectively cracked down and centralization has been strengthened.
Secondly, perfecting the system of selecting officials and taking "virtue" as "ability" had a great influence on the rational employment system in feudal society. There are two main sources in the early Han dynasty: one is to select officials at all levels according to their ranks, and the other is to select lang officials. After Emperor Wu ascended the throne, he longed for talents. Therefore, on the one hand, he followed the "virtue" and "filial piety" way of selecting officials, strengthened and improved the supervision and trial system; In addition, the system of "recruiting students", "writing on the bus" and doctoral candidate selection is also adopted. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also promoted the establishment of local schools in counties and counties, "so that all counties and counties in the world have school officials" and purposefully trained useful talents in the country.
Third, reform economic management, strengthen the unified deployment of the central government, enhance the economic strength of the central government, and consolidate political unity: salt and iron official camp, loss sharing, police planning, and currency reform.
Fourthly, culturally, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", established the mainstream ruling ideology, unified ideology and maintained the unified political situation.
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While the internal affairs of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were unified and stable, he vigorously expanded his territory and consolidated his rule over the frontier. Actively expand foreign exchanges, promote mutual exchanges and common development, and carry forward the civilization of the Han Dynasty.
The first is the crusade against the Huns. Secondly, establish administrative agencies directly under the central government in border areas. Third, exchanges with other foreign nationalities.