? Except "Hey, black millet; In addition to explanation, it is said to be rye and wheat; It is also said that grain is high-quality sorghum, and grain is a sorghum with two grains of rice in its shell. Recently, I read a paper on plants in The Book of Songs on the Internet, saying that "Zi" is sorghum, which is debatable.
? Confucius in the Tang Dynasty said that "Wei Wei Mo" was rye. Its annotation "Shi Mao Justice" says that "righteousness is the name of rye, and rye starts at two meters, which is also called righteousness." But he didn't say the origin of "alias".
? Rye is an annual or perennial herb in Gramineae, similar to wheat and ryegrass. Rye is one of the earliest crops cultivated by mankind. Rye flour is rich in nutrition and high in starch, fat, protein, vitamin B, phosphorus and potassium. However, due to the hard elasticity of protein, it is dispersed and often mixed with wheat flour to make brown bread. Now it is mainly used for dark beer in our country. Rye is cold-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-tolerant, so it is only planted in cold areas and high-altitude mountainous areas such as Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and Tibet in China, and its yield is far lower than that of ordinary wheat. Whether rye is one meter or two meters long is not recorded, but it is still possible. Perhaps the interpreter of the ancient Book of Songs thought that rye could not be planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in Zhou Dynasty.
? It was Huang Gongshao of the Yuan Dynasty who said that "the end of Wei Wei" was wheat. He said in "Ancient and Modern Rhyme" that "among the hundred valleys, one meter is only two meters, only wheat. Shuowen interprets the word "Mo", which is one meter long. And solve the word cloud "lai": come and ask, come and sew. That's why I came to Moore. " No one responded to this statement.
Lu Deming, a famous Confucian scholar in Tang Dynasty, was the first to say sorghum. He said, "Hey, today's millet is also. Gaishu is now called sorghum, a reed, a reed millet, and a wide and elegant name-glutinous millet, also known as Muji. Its stems are several inches long, and each section has one leaf, which is shaped like a reed, so it has the name of reed. " Later, Mei of the Ming Dynasty said that millet was sorghum. He explained "millet" in Lexicon: "Millet is a genus. The seedlings are like reeds, tall, with black ears, round and heavy, and the soil should be high and dry. " Poetry: There are two kinds of millet, sticky glutinous rice, which can make wine. Those that are not sticky are waxy, such as rice. Shao Puhan, an economist in the Qing Dynasty, also cited a lot of evidence to prove that it was sorghum and sorghum. In the Qing Dynasty, Ah agreed with Lu Deming and Shao Puhan's statement in Flowers in Shi Mao, and confirmed Lu Deming's statement that "Yun Yun is now a millet" from the aspects of planting time, planting climate conditions, plant characteristics and uses, folk names and so on. They think there is no species except sorghum, which is only one or two meters long. "The reality of sorghum is only red and white, and its color is five colors. Ten feet high and five or six feet small. Its stalks are all big and round, not other valleys. So it's red like a scorpion and white like powder, so it's a scorpion and a scorpion. Stems, leaves, roots and ears are all like millet, hence the name Xiaomi, which is different from Xiaomi because it is bigger than Xiaomi. It's just red corn, white corn, black corn, one-meter-long corn, sticky like millet and sorghum. " "However, it is millet and millet is sorghum, no doubt."
? There is no name of sorghum in ancient books before Qin and Han dynasties, and there is no record of sorghum in ancient books. It is only in Zhang Hua's "Natural History of the Western Jin Dynasty" that there is a saying that "it takes three years to plant corn and seven years to snake". But the "millet" he said is not necessarily today's millet-sorghum. Until the Song Dynasty, the word "millet" appeared many times, such as Confucius's "Rain", "At dusk, guests are hungry, and the mountains and rains are endless. The corn forest is bleak, and Niugangtou Road is tortuous ... "Since corn is a forest, it must be sorghum. Therefore, experts speculate that the large-scale cultivation of sorghum in China may have started in the Song Dynasty. It was not until 1986 that archaeologists found relatively complete carbonized sorghum grains in the Neolithic site of Donghuishan, Minle, Gansu, that experts went back to study the name of this ancient sorghum. This is so funny. Some people say that millet in ancient books is sorghum, some people say it is sorghum, some people say it is sorghum, and some people say it is sorghum, but they can't come up with conclusive evidence, so far there is no conclusion. So there is reason to guess that it is sorghum.
? So, is there a crop of "millet"? Apart from archaeological and ancient records, is there any other way to prove whether this crop is sorghum or millet? Thought of the weights and measures of Han and Tang dynasties. According to the conversion of the quantity, length and weight of millet in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, we can know what the ancients said about millet.
? "History of Han, Art and Literature" records that "the degree begins with the length of the yellow bell, and the millet is as wide as the millet. The length of the yellow bell is 90 points, and one is one point". That is to say, the length of the yellow bell flute with fixed pitch is 9 inches, and the middle-sized millet is selected. The horizontal length of the yellow bell flute is 90 grains, and the length of 100 grains is one foot. On this basis, the scale is determined: Ling Huang bustard can just hold 1200 grains of millet, and its weight is 12 baht, 24 baht = 1 2, 16 liang = 1 kg, 1 jun.
? Millet was also used as the basic unit of measurement in the Tang Dynasty. The Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty said, "Anyone who has a degree is divided into the width of one millet, 10 is the measure, 10 is the ruler, one foot and two inches is the big ruler, and ten feet is the ruler. Among them, the quantity is among the millet, and the capacity is 1 0,200m. When two millet are combined, 10 millet is raised, 10 millet is raised, and three millet are big. Welcome 10 millet. On balance, the weight of a hundred millet is baht, 24 baht is two, three liang is two, and 16 is two Jin. Where is the millet, which is used to measure the balance, adjust the clock rhythm, measure the shadow, make soup and crown; Both internal and external officials are familiar. "
? According to Hanshu, it is known that 10 piece of millet is one inch wide, and the one inch made in Han Dynasty is about 2.3 cm now. Then, take ten or more grains of sorghum, millet, millet and millet and measure them. I saw an article on "Weights and Measures of Han Dynasty and Prescription Dosage of Zhang Zhongjing" (the author is unknown) on the Internet, saying that they "measured millet in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, and the length of ten millet was exactly 2.3 cm, and the width of 100 millet was 23 cm." I didn't have millet at hand, so I roughly measured sorghum grains and grains. The length of millet 10 grain is also about 2.3 cm. Due to the popularity of improved varieties, the grain now is definitely larger than that in ancient times. At the same time, the proportion of sorghum, millet and millet was calculated. It is known that Hanhe's bell holds millet 1200 grains, and its weight is 12 baht, 24 baht is equal to one or two, and 16 is equal to 1 kg. The Western Han Dynasty 1 kg is 258.24 grams now, and the Eastern Han Dynasty 1 kg is 222.73 grams now. In this way, as long as we know the quantity per kilogram or the weight per thousand grains of sorghum, millet or millet, we can compare what "millet" is. Although the information found online is not very accurate, it does not affect the calculation results:
? If the Western Han Dynasty 1 kg is equal to 258.24g, then the sorghum 1 kg (medium grain and large grain, the same below) is about 8600- 13000 grains; Millet is about 77500-86500; The number of millet is about 32200-5 1600. If 1 kg in the Eastern Han Dynasty is equal to 222.73g, then sorghum is about 7100-100, millet is about 7 1200-89 100, and millet is about 2788.
? It can be seen that the millet is the closest to "10 millet is one inch wide" (2.3 cm) and 1200 according to Huang Zhong's scale, and it is also the closest to 1 (Korea). This millet is undoubtedly the "black millet" in the "dimension". It can also be inferred that Huang Zhong's arrogant system should be the system of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At the same time, it can be proved that the so-called "glutinous rice" is a kind of black millet.
? The proper name of millet in Flora of China is millet. Annual cultivated herbs. The culm is stout, 40- 120 cm high, and the leaves are linear or linear-lanceolate, slightly shorter than the valley. Panicles usually open and droop when mature. Due to different varieties, there are yellow, milky white, brown, red and black.
? According to Flora of China, millet can be roughly divided into two types: sticky millet and non-sticky millet. People will also call the sticky millet, non-sticky millet and non-sticky millet in Yimeng Mountain. Millet is no longer planted because of its low yield and rough taste. Millet, usually called yellow rice, is rich in starch and used in food or wine making. In the north, it is often used to make rice cakes and jiaozi.