I. Politics
1. Improve the dignity of the emperor: Ying Zheng thought that he had gained merits and demerits from "Huang San" and "Five Emperors", so he adopted the honorific title of the ancient * * * Lord and merged it into "Emperor" as the exclusive title of the emperor. From then on, the monarch in the history of China was called "Emperor" and the winner was called Qin Shihuang. In addition, a series of special names are used to express the supreme authority of the supreme ruler of the country. For example, the emperor calls himself "I", his orders are called "Zhi" or "Zhao", and his seal is called "Xi".
2. Strict centralization: the prime minister and others are responsible to the emperor respectively, and everything is subject to the emperor. In addition, the Shi Qing Shilu system was abolished, and officials from the central government to local governments were appointed and removed by the emperor, and they had no inheritance rights.
3. Enforcement of severe punishments: On the basis of the original laws of Qin State, the Qin Dynasty revised a set of severe punishments and promulgated them throughout the country.
Second, the military.
1. Building the Great Wall: Qin Shihuang connected the Great Wall built by Beiyan, Zhao and Qin during the Warring States Period. "Building the Great Wall, because of the terrain, stretches from Lintao to Liaodong, stretching to Vandory."
Third, the economy
1. unified currency: it is forbidden to use the respective currencies of six countries, such as tortoise, shellfish and jade. It is stipulated that gold and copper are used uniformly throughout the country, with gold as the upper currency and copper as the lower currency.
2. Unified measurement: the length, size and weight of national struggle are calculated based on the degree, quantity and weights of Shang Yang and Qin State.
3. Private land: Since Shang Yang abandoned the mine and started construction, Qin gradually allowed private land to be traded freely. After the reunification of the whole country, Qin paid more attention to agricultural production, allowing people who occupied land to declare the number of fields they occupied and pay taxes, and formally recognized the legitimacy of private ownership of land.
Fourth, traffic.
1. Construction of Chidao: On the basis of the original six-country chariots and horses lanes, Qin built a wide and unified Chidao with Xianyang as the center.
2. Communication Waterway: As a waterway hub, the dredging gorge in Qin Dynasty was built in 2 14 BC, with a length of more than 60 miles, connecting Hunan and Lishui.
Verb (short for verb) culture
1. Unified writing: During the Warring States Period, Qin Shihuang ordered Li Si to simplify the original big seal script of Qin State into small seal script, which became popular all over the country. Later, seal script was simplified to official script, which was also popular in the whole country in the Qin Dynasty.
2. Control ideology: In order to prevent people from rebelling, Qin Shihuang also exercised strict ideological control, such as banning books, collecting books and burning them, and killing more than 400 Confucian scholars who criticized state affairs, which is known as "burning books to bury Confucianism" in history.
Sixth, external.
After Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries and unified the world, he resumed the Northern Expedition to Xiongnu and Nanping Baiyue, which made China's territory big, starting from Dragon Tree in the west, east to Liaodong, north to the desert and south to the South China Sea, and formed the foundation of China's territory later.
1. Northern Expedition of Huns: Since the end of the Warring States Period, Huns have frequently invaded the south, threatening the lives and property of the people of Yan, Zhao and Qin. In 2 15 BC, it was built on the basis of the old Great Wall of Yan, Zhao and Qin.