A person is afraid of danger.
"People are afraid of danger" can be understood and explained in many ways, and at least its connotation can be understood from the following three aspects. First of all, the ancient glyph of "danger" (small fork) shows people above, a cliff in the middle and the shape of leg joints below, which symbolizes danger and danger. Mr. Li □ once had such an analysis: "People's illness, or in love, or in wealth, or in fame. Everything wins the heart, it is jealousy, jealousy, meanness, caring for others, right and wrong, and various diseases emerge one after another. " (Two Episodes, Zhonghua Book Company, 1996 Edition: Page 2) If this is the case, it can reflect the danger of people's hearts.
Secondly, "danger" is "crisis". As an understanding of the crisis, there are both dangers and opportunities. There is a saying in the Zen Gate: "Life and death are great and fast." Human life is limited. If you can't realize the meaning of life in your lifetime, it's really a big crisis. But if you can see through this crisis, once you know life and death, it is to seize the opportunity in a crisis. Tagore, an Indian poet, once expressed his wish in his poems: Let me die before I die, so as to realize the meaning of this life. Ehrlich Fromm, an American psychologist, once lamented the same thing: I was born again to understand the mystery of life and death. A similar confession can remind people of an artistic conception of "Down with a blackbird", and it can also be regarded as an understanding of "the danger of people's hearts".
Moreover, the "danger" of Chinese characters also contains a kind of "fear of danger", such as the saying that "everyone is in danger" The Book of Songs Xiao□ has: "Fear it, such as exploring the deep, walking on thin ice"; In the fifteenth chapter of Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzu described the ancient goodness as Taoism, saying, "Yu Xi is like Sichuan winter;" I am still afraid of my neighbors. " The fear of danger actually contains a warning, such as the ninety-three hexagrams: "A gentleman works all day, and if he hesitates, he is completely blameless." Zhu (93) said: "Being superior to others is very dangerous, but it is a mistake." But if a gentleman lives in it, he can worry, but he is in danger without blame.
Erdao Xin Wei Wei
"Tao heart" is the natural heart of heaven and earth, and English can be translated into the natural heart. There is a saying in the Book of Changes, Fu Guabu, "Fu, it sees the heart of heaven and earth". Looking at the restored divinatory symbols, Zhu Zeng sighed: under the accumulated yin, one yang revived, and the hearts of the creatures in heaven and earth were almost extinguished, but now it is visible again. Zhu commented: "People finally move for the static pole, evil is extremely good, and they will see each other after a few breaks." In this regard, Shao Zi has a poem as evidence: "The winter solstice is in the middle, and the heavenly heart has not changed. When the sun first moves, everything is lifeless. Xuanjiu has a light taste and a positive sound. If you don't believe this statement, please ask Bao Xi. " (Zhu's Notes on Zhouyi, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1996 Edition: Page 70) Cheng Yi also made a similar comment: "The return of one yang is the natural heart of heaven and earth. In ancient times, Confucianism took quietness as the heart of heaven and earth, and the end they didn't know was the heart of heaven and earth. People who don't know can't know. " (Book of Changes eclecticism, Volume 9, uploaded)
The subtlety of Tao's mind can also be quoted from Tao Te Ching: "Tao is a thing, but only a dream." It's embarrassing, and elephants. I was in a daze, and there was something inside. It is subtle, essential and has letters. "(Chapter 21 of Tao Te Ching) The mystery of Tao also sets off the exquisiteness of debut. Therefore, there is a wonderful use of "observing the heart with the heart" to achieve the only situation of unity of mind and nature.
As an introductory classic of Confucianism in later generations, "University" puts forward three basic programs of Confucianism at the beginning: "The way of university is to be moral, to be close to the people and to be the best." In fact, "Ming Ming De" is to illustrate the essence of subtlety; The heart of Tao is integrated with everything, regardless of you and me, which is the connotation of "being close to the people"; Tao's heart comes from goodness, not his own goodness, that is, "stop at the best."
Mr. Li once described and developed the experience of "Tao's heart is only subtle": "I have nothing to worry about in my chest, I just make up my deficiency, and I look at my heart with my heart, so that I can never be born." From the empty room to the white for a long time, the sky is full of interest, and from beginning to end, it is like a bright moon, with a clear heart, loose body and muddy air. Qin Mingyue, it is not enough; Jianghan Qiuyang is not enough to imitate its pride. Line and dust are six in one, and the moment is eternal. Just a language, no clouds. In other words, sometimes what you have to say or see is both overflowing and natural; I'm too lazy to think hard, and I don't need to sort it out. I'm just saying that every word is spiritual, refreshing and refreshing. People are already salty. "(Collection of the Song Dynasty, Zhonghua Book Company, 1993 Edition: Page 145) Viewing the heart with the heart, the unity of the heart and nature is like infinite Tai Chi, and the yin and yang change, that is, the artistic conception and connotation of" the heart is only in danger, and the heart is only micro "
Third, "only concentrate on Excellence and respect, and be tolerant of it."
Sixteen-character Heart Biography is actually the essence of Confucianism and the core and program of the golden mean. Zi Chengzi said: "Unbiased is right; It is not easy to call it mediocrity. The winner is king, and the world is right. Mediocrity is the theorem of this world. " (Zhu's Notes on Four Books and Sentences) This is an incisive annotation of "The Story of More than Sixteen Hearts", from which the Confucian doctrine of the mean teaching method evolved.
"The nature of fate; Temperament is called Tao. " It is true that frankness must be the nature of heaven and earth, that is, the portrayal of "being exclusive". Lu Jiuyuan also emphasized the unity of mind and nature when commenting on the 16-character Heart Biography, instead of being paranoid about the division of two hearts: "If the heart is one, people are in danger; Technically, it's just tiny. Crazy and sacred are not dangerous, are they? Silent, tasteless, invisible, not insignificant? " (Collected Works of Lu Jiuyuan, Zhonghua Book Company, 1980 Edition: 396 pages) When answering his students' questions about "I am the only one", Wang Yangming once replied: "... erudite, suspicious, thoughtful, knowledgeable and pious all seek to be unique." (Complete Works of Wang Yangming, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1992 edition: 13 pages)
As a result, The Doctrine of the Mean says, "Don't be invisible, don't be insignificant. Therefore, the gentleman is cautious and independent. " Being cautious is to "allow yourself to be in a trance", that is, to grasp this unique sincerity and realize the realm of harmony between man and nature. As "The Doctrine of the Mean" said: "The ups and downs are in the middle. All the hair is in the middle section, called and. If you are in the middle, you will be the foundation of the world. He who is harmonious achieves the way of the world. Neutral, the status of Heaven is awkward, and everything breeds. "
Yang, one of the hexagrams of the Book of Changes, also has a unique image. Li Guangdi once wrote a case about this: "the heart of heaven and earth", but in people, it is the heart of Tao. Tao's heart is very small, so "Fu" is small, which is different from things. "Only by observing with your heart, and only by observing with your heart, the Tao will be popularized, and the micro people will do it. Yan Zi's "I wonder if it's bad" is his essence. "Never heard of it" is one of them. " I am the only one who is good, so I am only in the middle. Three of the six hexagrams in the "blessing hexagrams" are "repeated" and "heavy", which means that people are in danger and it is difficult to settle down. Fourth, "BOC" and "independence". As the saying goes, it is hard to find a weak heart. However, everyone can ask for his own heart. Li Guangdi asserted: "The philosophy of mind handed down by Yao and Shun can be found in the hexagrams of Fuxi." ("Zhouyi eclecticism, Volume 9, Upload")
Contemporary psychology distinguishes consciousness from subconscious, ego from ego according to human psychological phenomena. Consciousness and conscious self, as described in the sixteen-character telepathy, are the only dangers of the human heart; Subconsciousness contains the inner consciousness of collective unconsciousness, which involves the "prototype" of nature and is close to the micro-mind of Tao.
The only essence of "forgiveness"
There is such a record in the Analects of Confucius: Confucius said, "Take part! My path is consistent. " Ceng Zi said, "Only." Master Zi Chu asked, "What is it?" Ceng Zi said: "The master's way is loyalty and forgiveness." In The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong, there is a similar dialogue between Zi Gong and Confucius: Zi Gong asked, "Who can keep his word for life?" Confucius said, "I forgive you! Don't do to others what you don't want. " Then, if a word "forgiveness" can run through the whole theory of Confucianism, it can be seen that its meaning is extraordinary. The word "forgiveness" contains the meaning of "one heart", from which we can appreciate the tradition of Confucius and Confucianism.
Wang bi once explained the loyalty and forgiveness of Confucianism and Taoism: "those who are loyal and forgiving will do their best;" Those who forgive, those who respond in the same way. There is no feeling of opposition to things, and there is no extreme electricity that can forgive everything and ignore everything. If we can do our best, nothing will be unified. It is highly unlikely to be two, so it is called one. Pushing the body to unify things, the poor are suitable, and a word can be a lifelong walker, but it is only forgiveness. " (Wang Bi's Notes on the Book of Changes) Looking at the composition of the Chinese character "forgiveness", it means "for the heart"; Work together, work together. The so-called "only the essence is unique" and "the unity of man and nature". The "forgiveness" expressed by Confucius is actually the essence of the 16-character heart biography.
Confucius emphasized the connotation of forgiveness, which reflected the inheritance of Yao Shunyu's Sixteen-character Heart Biography. With the biography of sixteen characters in mind as the background, we can understand why Confucius emphasized that "my Tao is consistent", and one of the words "forgiveness" can last for life. Because it contains the essence of culture and conveys the spirit of civilization. Forgiveness, as one heart, also includes the relationship between man and nature, the norms and principles between people, and the unity and harmony of body, mind and mind.
In Shuo Wen Jie Zi, "forgiveness" is noted as benevolence, and Mencius once clearly analyzed that "everything is prepared for me, and I am sincere and happy." Forgiveness is strong, and benevolence is not close. "(Mencius. Dedication ") and the word benevolence includes family, relatives and lovers. It is mentioned in "Non-child Jielao" that "a benevolent person loves his lover." Confucius' answer to Zi Gong's "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is also the connotation of expressing kindness. Therefore, forgiveness in Chinese is kindness; Forgive me for being kind and upright.
The Doctrine of the Mean points out: "Loyalty and forgiveness are not far from violating the Tao. Don't do to others what you don't want. " Among them, Zhu's annotation on "loyalty and forgiveness" is quite psychoanalytic: "Be loyal to yourself and push yourself and others." "'Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you.' The matter of loyalty and forgiveness is also. ..... The same is true of Zhang Zi's so-called "love the person you love and do your best". "("The Doctrine of the Mean ") Forgiveness was also played as introspection. Ancient books often treat things with the heart, or judge people by themselves; There is a sentence in Mencius Liang Zhang that "the weight is known by the power"; Degree, and then know the length, everything goes with the flow, the heart is very important. However, the forgiveness of loyalty is to treat others with sincerity, just like "others have a heart and give them thoughts" in The Book of Songs Xiaoya.
Mencius once asserted that "the nature of a gentleman is rooted in the heart." ("Gao Zi Shang"), and then played: "He who does his best knows his nature. If you know its nature, you will know its nature. Keep your heart and nurture your nature, so it's natural. " ("Dedication"), "If there is no other way to learn, please rest assured." (Gao Zishang) "I am good at nurturing my noble spirit" (Gong Sunchou). The essence of "university", such as "style", "dedication", "sincerity" and "cultivation", should be based on one heart; The key to the golden mean is to be cautious and fearful, to be "spontaneous" and to be "exhausted", all of which need your heart. Therefore, it is still a "heart", conveying the spirit of Confucianism and maintaining the foundation of Confucianism.