The Analects of Confucius (yǔ) is a collection of quotations compiled by disciples and re-biography disciples of Confucius, a thinker and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period. Written in the early Warring States period.
The book * * * consists of 20 chapters and 492 sections, with quotation as the main body and narrative as the supplement, which embodies the political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles of Confucius and Confucianism.
Most of the works are quotations, but the words are rich in meaning, and some sentences and chapters are vivid. Their main features are concise language, easy to understand and far-reaching ideas. They have an elegant and subtle style, which can express characters in simple dialogues and actions.
2. Mencius
Mencius is a Confucian classic written by Mencius and his disciples Zhang Wan and Gongsun Chou in the middle of the Warring States Period. The earliest inscription in Zhao Qi's "Mencius" reads: "This book was also written by Mencius, so it is called Mencius". Mencius was listed as "Four Books" by Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty (the other three books were Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and The Analects of Confucius).
There are eleven pieces of Mencius recorded in History of Han, and there are seven pieces and fourteen volumes. The total number of words is more than 35 thousand words and 260 chapters. According to legend, there are four other books of Mencius, which have been lost (this book of Mencius is a fake of Yao Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty). This book records the politics, education, philosophy, ethical thoughts and political activities of Mencius and his disciples. There are four books and five classics in ancient examinations.
3. University
The "Three Outlines" and "Eight Items" put forward in "University" emphasize that self-cultivation is the premise of governing people, and the purpose of self-cultivation is to govern the country and the world, which shows the consistency between governing the country and the world and personal moral cultivation.
The full text of "Da Xue" is concise, profound and far-reaching. This paper mainly summarizes the pre-Qin Confucian moral cultivation theory, as well as the basic principles and methods of moral cultivation, and also systematically discusses the Confucian political philosophy, which has profound enlightenment for being a man, doing things and governing the country.
4. The golden mean
The Doctrine of the Mean is a monograph of China's ancient moral philosophy on the realm of life accomplishment, and it is one of the Confucian classics. Originally belonging to Chapter 31 of the Book of Rites, it is said that it was written by Zi Si during the Warring States Period.
Its content affirms that "the golden mean" is the highest standard of moral behavior, and "sincerity" reaches the highest realm of life, and puts forward the learning process and cognitive methods of "erudition, interrogation, deliberation, discernment and loyalty"
5. The Book of Songs
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems and the beginning of China's ancient poems. Collected poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (pre-1 1 century to the 6th century), with a total of * * * 31/,among which 6 poems are full, that is, there are only titles but no contents, which is called full poems.