The Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) was a dynasty in the history of China. Zhao Gou rebuilt the Song Dynasty in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. East of Huaihe River (now Huaihe River), west of Daguanguan, bordering the rulers. The Southern Song Dynasty coexisted with Xixia and Jin Dynasty, and it was a vassal state of Jin Dynasty for quite a long time.
The Southern Song Dynasty, located in the south of Huaihe River, is one of the dynasties with highly developed economy and technology, but relatively weak military, and it is also the darkest political era in China's history.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was destroyed by the State of Jin, and Song Qinzong's younger brother Zhao Gou fled to the south and moved his capital to Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou was elected emperor, known as Song Gaozong in history.
The Southern Song Dynasty and the State of Jin were bounded by Huaishui-Dasanguan.
In 65438, the State of Jin withdrew its troops from Kaifeng and made Zhang Bangchang a puppet emperor. In desperation, Zhang Bangchang made Zhao Gou emperor in the name of Queen Mother Meng. In May of the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Zhao Gou officially acceded to the throne as Song Gaozong. Rebel Zhang Bangchang was made king in the name of defending the country. In the second year of Emperor Gaozong's accession to the throne, the State of Jin continued to invade the south on a large scale. In A.D. 1 129, in order to strengthen the rule over the area south of the Yellow River, the State of Jin once again made Liu Yu emperor, with the same title, which was called "pseudo-Qi" in history. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Zong Ze, Liu Guangshi, Zhang Jun and many other generals were ordered to command the Northern Expedition Jin Dynasty, which once defeated the puppet Qi Army and the Jin State Allied Forces on both sides of the Yellow River.
In 65438 AD, Emperor Gaozong took Qin Gui as prime minister and pursued a peace policy. Qin Gui deprived Han Shizhong, an anti-Jin general, of his military power, and killed Yue Fei and Yue Yun and his son on trumped-up charges. Song Gaozong regained the sovereignty of the southeast half of the country at the expense of paying tribute to the State of Jin.
The Southern Song Dynasty was relatively stable in Song Xiaozong and Song Ningzong. After Song Ningzong, the national situation declined day by day.
After the Mongol khanate destroyed the gold, the Southern Song Dynasty faced a more powerful enemy-the Yuan Dynasty. In A.D. 127 1 year, Mongolia was founded with the title of Yuan. 1276, captured Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and captured 5-year-old Song Gongzong. Later, Lu Xiufu and Wen Tianxiang, the recovery forces in the Southern Song Dynasty, successively established two small emperors (Song Duanzong and Young Master) and a small court. The Yuan army pursued the little emperor. After the failure of the Yashan naval battle, the desperate Southern Song Dynasty finally died in March 1279 with Lu Xiufu's little emperor who had just turned eight.
Late northern song dynasty
Jurchen leader Hong Yan Yan Hong Akuta founded the State of Jin. When he saw the decline of Liao's national strength, he sent an envoy to Jin, raising the issue of uniting Jin to destroy Liao. Song attacked Yanjing and suffered a crushing defeat. Gold fell to the mansion, and Liao died. Song Xiangjin paid a huge ransom in exchange for Yanjing and other places. Under the pretext of sheltering the rebel generals in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jin split his troops south and headed for Bianjing. Qin Zong acceded to the throne and made peace with the Jin people, who withdrew to the north. The following year, in the second year of Jingkang (1 127), the Jin people went south, captured Bianjing (now Kaifeng), and went north with their two families, which was known as the "Jingkang disaster" and the Northern Song Dynasty perished.
build
In 1 127, the state of Jin withdrew from Bianjing and made Zhang Bangchang the king of Chu. In desperation, Zhang Bangchang made Zhao Gou emperor in the name of Queen Mother Meng. In May of the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Zhao Gou officially acceded to the throne to rebuild the Song Dynasty for Song Gaozong. Rebel Zhang Bangchang was made king in the name of defending the country. In the second year of Emperor Gaozong's reign, Xu Jin continued to invade the south on a large scale. In A.D. 1 129, the State of Jin was crowned emperor with a title of Qi, and those who held an "orthodox" view of history were called "pseudo-Qi" to strengthen their rule over the area south of the Yellow River.
In the early days of Song Gaozong's reign, he was young and strong, deliberately resisted gold, recovered rivers and mountains, and reused hawks, with Li Gang as prime minister and Zong Ze guarding Bianjing. He defeated the nomads from the army many times, making the situation a little stable. However, later, the emperor was not determined to fight against the rulers, and dismissed Li Gang, Zong Ze and others.
Later, Jin Wushu sent troops south, and Gao Zongnan fled to Hangzhou and took refuge in the sea by boat. Han Shizhong, the general of the Song Dynasty, led 8,000 chosen men, and took advantage of Huang Tiandang's opportunity to defeat 100,000 nomads. After hard work, Jin Wushu burned Song Jun's ships and returned to the north awkwardly. Since then, Jin people dare not cross the river lightly. The capital of Gaozong is Lin 'an (now Hangzhou).
The conclusion of the Song-Jin Peace Treaty
Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong, afraid of defeat, defeat is difficult to control; However, he was worried that Qin would inherit the throne after his death (at that time, he died because he was infertile), so he thought he was the prime minister in 1 138 and pursued the policy of making peace with Jin. Qin Gui cut off the relieving of Han Shizhong, the first general to resist gold. 1 138, Song and Jin agreed for the first time that the Southern Song Dynasty would recover Henan, Shaanxi and other places, including Kaifeng. 1 140, the Jin Dynasty tore up the agreement, and nomadic people invaded the south in three ways and regained Kaifeng. Under the command of many famous anti-gold generals, Song Jun achieved brilliant results. Especially in Yancheng, Yue Fei fought the nomads from Wu Shu, defeated the nomads from the army, took the opportunity to invade Zhuxian Town, and recovered the area south of the Yellow River, only 45 miles away from Kaifeng. Later, Emperor Gaozong followed Qin Gui's advice and ordered Yue Fei to move troops back to Korea with 12 gold medals. Yue Fei obeyed the order. 114265438+1October, he killed Yue Fei and his son on trumped-up charges. Song Gaozong regained the sovereignty of the southeast half of the country at the expense of paying tribute to the State of Jin.
Mid-song dynasty
, Zhang Jun, Han Yizhou, and many other anti-Jin generals commanded the Northern Expedition. On both sides of the Yellow River, they also defeated the allied forces of the puppet Qi Army and the Jin State, recovered many lost lands on both sides of the Huaihe River, and signed many treaties.
1 164 65438+ In February, after the failure of the Northern Expedition, Zhang Jun signed the Longxing Peace Conference (also known as the Road Peace Conference) and Zhang Jun was killed. He changed the original ministerial position to one, Jin became a nephew, Jin changed the imperial edict to credentials, and Lao Gong changed to a New Year's coin, thus reducing his contribution. The contribution of silk was reduced from 250,000 to 200,000, and the annual currency was reduced to 200,000 silver.
1206, the northern expedition of Han Tuo Prefecture was later repelled by Jin. 1208, Jiading Peace Conference was signed. Instead, the contribution of money and silk in the Song Dynasty increased from 200,000 to 300,000 each year, and Song compensated the military for 3 million. Jin gave up the occupied three passes and Haozhou, and offered the head of Hantuo Prefecture.
The Southern Song Dynasty was relatively stable during the periods of Xiaozong and Ningzong. However, after Ningzong, only Nuo Nuo was in power, political corruption and the national situation declined.
Death of gold
12 14 In July, the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty accepted Zhen's memorial and decided not to give Jin Gong "ancient coins" from now on. At this time, Jin had been hit by Mongolia and was forced to move the capital from Yanjing to Kaifeng. In order to expand the territory and make up for the areas occupied by Mongolia, Jin invaded the south in the name of the Song Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty joined forces with Mongolia to repel the Jin Army, and the Southern Song Dynasty was rewarded by Henan.
1232, Zhengzhou and Tang Zhou were occupied by the Southern Song Dynasty. Jin Aizong fled to Germany after the fall of Bianjing, and then to Cai Zhou. Aizong proposed to Song Lizong to join hands to resist Mongolia, and explained to Japanese Sect the truth that "lips and teeth are interdependent, and lips die and teeth are cold". However, under the hatred and humiliation of the country and the nation, at the suggestion of the courtiers, Li Zong, who had just ascended the throne, ignored the request of Ai Zong and continued to cut gold. In Song Dynasty, in A.D. 1234, Cai Zhou, the state of Jin, was captured by the Mongolian and Song allied forces, and Jin Aizong hanged himself, and Jin perished in the Southern Song Dynasty. After the collapse of the Jin dynasty, the Mongols lost the barrier of the Jin dynasty, which made the Southern Song Dynasty face a threat from Mongolia, which was stronger than the Jin dynasty.
Be destroyed
In 1235, the Mongols invaded the south for the first time and were repelled. Unwilling to fail, the Mongolian army invaded south twice in September of the following year and in the third year, and the front almost approached the north bank of the Yangtze River. Because Song Jun fought bravely and defeated the Mongols, he once again foiled the Mongols' attempt to cross the river. Subsequently, under the command of anti-Mongolian generals Meng Gong and Yu Jie, the soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty defeated the Mongolian army many times, forcing it to make a detour. In A.D. 1259, Mongolian Khan Mungo was wounded by Song Jun's arrow in zhanhe and died in the army. His brother Kublai Khan fought Song Jun in Ezhou. When he heard the news, he immediately prepared to withdraw his troops in order to seize Khan's position. At this time, Jia Sidao, the powerful minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, sent someone to make peace with Kublai Khan to ensure peace. In this way, Kublai Khan directly returned to the north to stand on his own feet.
In A.D. 1267, Kublai Khan ordered an attack on Xiangyang, an important town in the Southern Song Dynasty, for the battle of Xiangfan. Song Jun used the Hanshui River to continuously send resources into the city, thus defending the city. ShouJiang, Lv Shoucheng six years, Jia Sidao sent fan, assistant, two people. Jia Sidao blocked all the news of Mongolian invasion to the south, and the emperor didn't know about it. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan was founded in the Central Plains with the title of Yuan. 1272, volunteers from Zhang Shun and Zhang Gui fought bloody battles with the Yuan Army. 1273, fancheng fell, Xiangyang city was broken, Song Jun street fighting continued, Lu finally surrendered, and the six-year Xiangyang defense war ended.
1276, the Yuan army captured Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and captured the 5-year-old Emperor Gongzong of the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty, such as Lu Xiufu, Wen Tianxiang and Zhang Shijie, successively established two young emperors (Duanzong and You Zhu) and set up a small court. The Yuan army pursued the little emperor and fled to the south. After passing through Hong Kong, Duanzong died of illness and set up another young master, and fled to Xinhui to the South China Sea. Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured in Haifeng, and the Zhang Shijie warship sank. The desperate remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty finally perished with the defeat of the Yashan naval battle and the death of Emperor Lu Xiufu, who just turned eight in March 1279, and the competition with Mongolia for more than 40 years ended.
[edit this paragraph] southern song dynasty emperor spectrum
Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong (1107-1187)
(1127-1162) reigned for 36 years.
Emperor Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Song Huizong. 1 127 is located in Nanjing (now Shangqiu), historically known as the Southern Song Dynasty, and 1 138 moved its capital to Hangzhou. 1 162, giving way to the prince, calling himself the emperor's father. He died on 1 187 at the age of 8 1.
Song Xiaozong (1127 ~1194)
(1162 ~1189) reigned for 27 years.
Filial piety Zhao Bozong, the word Yongyuan. Grandson of Song Taizu VII, son of Wang Xiu. 1 162 acceded to the throne, restored Yue Fei's reputation and started the war of resistance, but was defeated and made peace with the State of Jin, which was known as "Longxing Peace Talks" in history. 1 189, the Zen position and its son are called the emperor's father. 1 194 was 68 years old.
Song Guangzong (1147 ~1194)
(1189 ~1194) was in office for five years.
Guangzong, the third son of Xiaozong. He was over 40 years old when he acceded to the throne. 1/kloc-0 abdicated in 1994,/kloc-0 died in 200 at the age of 54.
Zhao Kuo, Song Ningzong (1 168~ 1224)
1 194 acceded to the throne for 30 years.
Ningzong Zhao Kuo, the second son of Guangzong. 1208, the humiliating "Jiading Peace Conference" was signed with the State of Jin. 1224 died at the age of 57.
Song Lizong Zhaoyun (1205~ 1264)
1224 acceded to the throne and reigned for 40 years.
Li Zong Zhao Yun, the tenth grandson of Song Taizu. Ning Zong had no children, and after his death, Yang Houli and Li Zong became emperor. Zhu established the dominant position of Neo-Confucianism, and in 1234, he joined forces with Mongolia to destroy gold. Stupid and incompetent, arrogant and extravagant. After Li Zong, the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty went from bad to worse. 1264 died at the age of 60.
Song Duzong (1240~ 1274)
1264 acceded to the throne and reigned for 10 years.
Du Qi, his nephew, and his father Zhao and Rui. He died on 1274 at the age of 35.
Song Gongdi (127 1~ 1323)
(1274- 1276) was in office for two years.
Gongxian, Duzong. He was only four years old when he ascended the throne. 1276, Yuan soldiers invaded Lin 'an, and Emperor Gong was captured. 1288, Kublai Khan forced him to become a monk in Tibet. 1323, was given death. At the age of 53.
Song Duanzong (1269~ 1278)
1276 acceded to the throne and reigned for 2 years.
Duanzong, Gongdi, only illegitimate child. Acceded to the throne in Fuzhou. After he acceded to the throne, he fled in defeat and died on the way. He 10 years old.
Wang Wei (1272~ 1279)
1278 acceded to the throne, in place 1 year.
Wang Wei Zhao Min is the third son of the only family. After the defeat, he was persecuted by Yuan soldiers, and Prime Minister Lu Xiufu threw himself into the sea. He was eight years old.
[Edit this paragraph] The position and influence of the Song Dynasty in history
The Song Dynasty began in 960, and Zhao Kuangyin took Tokyo as its capital, which lasted for more than 300 years. In the Song Dynasty, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, due to the reduction of cultivated land and the blocking of the Silk Road, China was forced to turn to a commercial economic model, especially maritime trade. During this period, businessmen were liberated to the greatest extent, and finally the great prosperity of commercial economy was realized, and the early capitalist relations of production began to appear. At that time, the economic aggregate of the Southern Song Dynasty accounted for 50% of the world. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the population of Lin 'an, the largest city, had exceeded one million, while Europe was still living a miserable life under the dark rule of the Middle Ages. The four great inventions of the Song Dynasty brought navigation technology into the ocean age. Ocean-going merchant ships have six masts, four decks and 12 large sails. They can carry more than 1000 people and sail all over the world, which amazed people all over the world.
The demise of the Song Dynasty and the devastating impact of nomadic people on the advanced relations of production in the Song Dynasty made the advanced oriental civilization, which had been in the rising stage, gradually weaken and eventually fell behind the mainstream stage in the world.
The regime of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin and Yuan Dynasties were opposed for a long time, and the north and the south were isolated. South-North culture has only conducted limited communication through narrow channels such as private market transactions on the border between the two sides and official exchange of envoys. Because the overall level of culture in the Southern Song Dynasty is higher than that in the North, this exchange is mainly manifested in the radiation of the Southern Song Dynasty culture to the North culture. Neo-Confucianism, literature and history in the north are all influenced by the culture of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The most influential culture in the north of the Southern Song Dynasty is the characteristic culture of the Southern Song Dynasty-Neo-Confucianism. Before and after the Jubilee of the Southern Song Dynasty, that is, before and after the Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Bianjing, Neo-Confucianism works were introduced to the north one after another, such as The Analects of Confucius, The Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period by Hu Anguo, The Analects of Confucius by Zhang Jiucheng, The Complete Interpretation of Shangshu by Lin, The Interpretation of Keshan Books by Xia and Zhu's Notes on Four Books. Zhao Bingwen and Ma Jiuchou even "call themselves Taoists ..." (Lingchuan Collection, Volume 26, Taiji Academy). Neo-Confucianism works in the Southern Song Dynasty directly promoted the rise and development of Neo-Confucianism in the North. On the one hand, the northern literati arranged and reprinted the works of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty. For example, Fu Qi edited Zhang Jiucheng's The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean and The Way of University, and compiled a book The Origin of Taoism, which was widely circulated. Zhao Bingwen and Wang Ruoxu introduced and prefaced the Origin of Taoism respectively. Zhao Bingwen himself wrote ten volumes of The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. On the other hand, some northern scholars began to write books about Neo-Confucianism, showing their own thinking. For example, Ma Jiuchou lived in seclusion in the western hills of Suiping, and devoted himself to the study of the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Annals, which once enjoyed a high reputation. Zhao Bingwen wrote various works to illustrate his understanding of Tao, but unfortunately these works have been lost. Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty was popular in the north for a period of time because it adapted to the needs of Jin and Yuan dynasties. The interpretation of Confucian classics such as The Analects of Confucius and Mencius by Neo-Confucianists in the Southern Song Dynasty is relatively weak in political reality, which is basically consistent with the idea that rulers in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties respected and advocated Confucian classics. For example, Jin Shizong asked people to translate the Five Classics, so that jurchen could "know where virtue lies", while Jin Xizong himself "read The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Shangshu and Chunqiu Zuozhuan". In this context, Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty was naturally unimpeded.
It is worth noting that the northern scholars' comments on Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty are not simply following or echoing, but more thinking about Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Southern Song Dynasty, only Zheng Hou and others criticized Neo-Confucianism. His eclecticism rejected Mencius, and he was deviant, and was denounced as a "heresy" by Zhu and others (Volume 123). In the north, Li Chunfu preached the theory of Zheng Hou, claiming to be the descendant of Zheng Hou, claiming that "since Zhuang Zhou, there were only Wang Ji, Yuan Jie, Zheng Hou and me" (Volume I of Gui). He believed in Buddhism, and in order to criticize Neo-Confucianism, he wrote a book "Ming Dow Collection" specially for the Southern Song Dynasty. "What Yichuan, Hengqu and Huiweng earned was not borrowed by Shang Lue at all, but they hated each other at the same time" (Volume 4 of Zhongzhou Ji), so there are often some extreme theories. Apart from Li Chunfu, Wang Ruoxu is a man who challenges easily. His Five Classics, Analects of Confucius and Mencius are mainly aimed at Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, especially Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhang Jiucheng, Zhu, Hu Anguo, Ye Shi and others are all objects of his refutation. However, he is more orthodox than Zheng Hou and Li Chunfu, and his cross-examination is more pertinent and accurate. As for Zheng Hou, like most Song people, he criticized Zheng Hou for being biased and inappropriate: "Zheng Hou is a boy who dares to speak without fear. As far as Mencius is concerned, Tang Wu and Zhouyi are both wrong and even reviled. To the disciples of Xiaocao Pingbo, the ancestor of the Han nationality, they respectfully call them sages and eagerly call them. After that, they regarded Ou Gong's illness as a thin disease. What is the reason for killing their husbands? " Different from Song Confucianism, he was able to get rid of the unrealistic or far-fetched theories of Song people, re-examine Song Confucianism's views from the perspective of human nature, show a more pragmatic tendency, and achieved outstanding results. The Analects of Confucius and The Chapter of the Rural Party mainly record the daily life of Confucius, but Zhang Jiucheng's works such as The Analects of Confucius and The Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius dig their great significance and exaggerate them, thinking that the rural party can be compared with the Spring and Autumn Annals, and that "if you don't learn from the rural party, you don't know the use of the Spring and Autumn Annals; Without studying the Spring and Autumn Annals, we can't know the God of Bitter Hometown (The Theory of Bitter Hometown, Volume 4 of Hengpuji). Wang Ruoxu severely criticized him for being cunning and boastful. His criticism of Confucianism in Song Dynasty, as mentioned in the Summary of Siku, is "enough to break the restraint of Song people".
In terms of literature, the literature of the Southern Song Dynasty also promoted the development of the North. This is more obvious in novel and poetry criticism, because the political nature of novel and poetry criticism is relatively weak and readers are wide. Hong Mai's Yi Zhijian is dominated by ghosts and gods, which spread to the north earlier. In the 13th year of Cherish Spring (1 186), Zhang Sen went to the State of Jin, and the North Ambassador asked with concern, "The sword of clothes is self-sustaining" (Volume 8 of "The Biography of Soldiers"). This shows the great influence on the north. Under this psychological expectation, Yuan Haowen's sequel "Continued Jane's Records" came out. Hu Zai's "Tiao Xi Yu Yin Cong Hua" is one of the most important poems in the Southern Song Dynasty, which can be described as a poetry database. After the book was introduced to the north, it was welcomed and valued by people. Su Shinan Dialect, the most famous northern poem, is closely related to Tiaoxi Echoes. About one third of the materials in Su Hua come from Cong Hua. A considerable part of Wang Ruoxu's refutation is directed at people in the Southern Song Dynasty, including Hu Zaixiang. In other words, the Southern Song Dynasty poetry talk is an important background and premise for Anxun's poetry talk creation. In addition, the study of Du Fu's poems in the Southern Song Dynasty also had great repercussions in the north. Du Shi's research works such as Zhao Cigong's Du Shi Discrimination, Wu Ming's Du Shi Qian Zhu, Bao Biao's Du Shi Pu, Du Tian's Du Shi Correction and Xu Zhai's Shi Pin were first introduced to the north, which directly promoted the development of Du Shi's poetics in the north. It was under the impetus of Du's poetics in the Southern Song Dynasty that Yuan Haowen compiled Du's poetics and put forward the word "Du's poetics" first, thus opening a new chapter in the study of Du's poetics.
The Southern Song Dynasty made great achievements in poetry, and You, Yang, Fan and Lu were also called the four masters of Zhongxing. Among them, Fan Chengda once went to the north and wrote 72 famous quatrains on the way, but none of his poems mentioned the north. Yang Wanli is the only one of the four families who has a direct and reliable literature record, and his poems were introduced to the north. Chengzhai style takes nature as its object of expression, which is unique and deeply loved by Li Chunfu and others. Li Chunfu publicly praised the "liveliness and difficulty" of the residential style, but in Li Chunfu's existing poems, there is almost no shadow of the residential style. On the contrary, there are some scenery works similar to the residential style in Wang Tingjun's and Zhao Bingwen's earlier poems. With the national situation of the Jin Dynasty becoming more and more dangerous until it perished, the relaxed and lively house-building style became more and more unsuitable to the reality of the late Jin Dynasty and was doomed to be left out in the cold. Yuan Haowen said in the poem "Laughing and Laughing": "Poetry is close to wine, and bamboo is hidden in the South Lake. How much do you know about the new sentence in your sleeve? " According to Mr. Qian Zhongshu's explanation, Athena Chu and Nanhu refer to the poets Xu Sidao and Zhang Zi who admired and imitated Chengzhai style in the Southern Song Dynasty. This poem means that Xu Sidao and his ingenious poems are still worth mentioning in front of Su and Huang. Yuan Haowen's new creation of two famous artists, Su and Huang, crushed Xu and Zhang, and it was inevitable that he would give up everything and start over. Maybe he used them to crush the famous house behind him. In Yuan Haowen's poems, there is no sign of imitating the house style, which shows that the actual influence of the house style in the north is getting smaller and smaller. Besides sincere style, Lu You's poems are also likely to be introduced to the north. Weng Fanggang, a Qing Dynasty man, juxtaposed Lu You with Yuan Haowen, saying that "the sky is full of strange flowers and different angles", but apart from two similar poems in Qin Yi Lu by Qian Zhongshu, there is no other direct document to prove that Yuan Haowen has read Lu poems or been influenced by them. Restricted by the enemy regime, Lu You's poems are particularly political and cannot be accepted openly by northern literati. Generally speaking, the poems of the Southern Song Dynasty, which held high the banner of patriotism, seriously conflicted with the official consciousness of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and did not have much direct influence on the poems of the North.
Ci has always been regarded as a path because of its different nature from poetry, so it is relatively free. Xin Qiji's ci, born in the north, was loved by many people after being sent back to the north. In the second year after Kim's death, Liu Qi praised his literary works. Later, Yuan Haowen even held Xin Ci to a high position, saying that "Dongpo was the first in Yuefu and then in Xinjiaxuan". It should be said that Xin Ci had a substantial impact on the Ci circles at the end of Jin Dynasty headed by Yuan Haowen. Yuan Haowen's ci is considered as "enough to rival Jia Xuan" because of the irrigation of Jia Xuan's ci.
In various styles, the achievements of prose in the Southern Song Dynasty are lower than those in the Northern Song Dynasty. In addition, it is difficult for northerners to accept the strong national sentiment in prose, so it has little influence in the north. Wang Ruoxu once mentioned Sun Bin's "Fu Xie Wen Fu Ge Waiting for Tabulation", and severely criticized it from the stylistic point of view, and based on this, he concluded that "prose was very harmful after crossing the river in Song Dynasty" (Collection of Southern Jiangsu, Volume 37).
In terms of historiography, the works that Wang claimed to have introduced to the North in the Southern Song Dynasty include A Brief Introduction to the East, Hu Yin's Reading History, Lv Zuqian Memorabilia, and Lu's Family School as a Mirror, the last three of which are all as a mirror works, which shows the great influence of such works in the North. Cai Jue, Xiao Gong, Wan Yanhui and others in the north all like Tongzhi Jian very much, and each has his own expertise, which is convenient for people to pay attention to the study of Tongjian in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhao Bingwen deeply regrets that Lv Zuqian failed to complete the memorabilia. He said in the poem, "It's sad that he wrote memorabilia and died before reading the Bible." (Ji Hydrology, Volume 9, Beauty of Yang Shangshu). After the death of Jin Dynasty, the study of northern Tongjian developed rapidly, and Yuan Haowen's theory appeared a popular phenomenon of "talking about it by military officers and reciting it", followed by Tongjian's works, such as Lu Tongjian's detailed sections and various sections.
In addition to the above aspects, the political system, etiquette culture and art of the Southern Song Dynasty will also have a certain radiation effect on the North.
[Edit this paragraph] Southern Song Dynasty celebrities
wen tianxiang
Chu Hsi
Lu you
Xin Qiji
Yue Fei
Han Shizhong
Yang Wanli
Liu Kezhuang
[Edit this paragraph] Chronology of the Southern Song Emperor
Temple number of Southern Song Dynasty 1 127—1279 posthumous title year number.
Gaozong was appointed as the filial piety of Wen Zhaoren, the emperor of Zhao Gou, SHEN WOO+0127-1162 127- 130.
Shaoxing 1 13 1 year-1 162 years.
Ming Sheng, SHEN WOO, Cheng Xiaodi Zhao Shen1162-1189 Longxing 1 163- 164.
Main road1165—1173
Xichun1174—1189
Emperor Zhao Dun1189-194 Shao Xi 1 190- 194.
Ning Zongfa Tianbei Road Chunde Mao Gongren Shirley Vu Thang Palace Rui Xiaodi Zhao Kuo 1 194- 1224 Qingyuan 1 195- 1200.
Jiatai 120 1 year-1204
Kathy 1205- 1207
Jiading1208 ——1224
Emperor Zhao Yun 1224- 1264 Baoqing 1225- 1227.
Shao Ding1228 ——1233
Duan Ping1234 ——1236
Jiaxi1237 ——1240
Chunyou 124 1 year-1252 years.
Baoyou1253 ——1258
Kai Qing 1259
Ding Jing1260 ——1264
Emperor Zhao Qi of Wu Jingxiao of Du Zongduan civilization 1264—1274 Xianchun 1265—1274.
Recruiting talents in the commons 1274—1276 Deyou 1275—1276.
Emperor Zhao Chang 1276- 1278 Jingyan 1276- 1276.
Zhao Min 1278—1279 Xiangxing 1278—1279
[Edit this paragraph] Coexistence system
Xixia, Jin Dynasty, Tubo, Dali, Mongolia