Fifty years after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty became increasingly cruel and dark, and finally a peasant uprising broke out at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang took part in the Red Scarf Army led by Guo Zixing, then Grand Marshal of Haozhou. After years of fighting in the south and the north, 1364, Zhu Yuanzhang called himself the King of Wu, and was known as the Western Wu regime in history. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, taking Yingtianfu (now Nanjing) as the capital, with the title of Daming Hongwu, establishing the Ming Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang as Ming Taizu. Soon, he ordered Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, etc. to make the Northern Expedition and capture Dadu (now Beijing). The leader of the Mongolian ruler fled to the north, ending his 98-year rule in the Central Plains, and China once again returned to the Ming Dynasty rule established by the Han nationality.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, after Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the development of national strength was restored. By the time the Ming Dynasty became a ancestor, its national strength was strong, and it was called Yongle Shengshi by modern scholars. After that, the Ming Renzong and Ming Xuanzong periods were still in a prosperous period, which was called the reign of Ren Xuan in history. During the period of Ming Yingzong and Ming Daizong, although the civil war changed, Yu Qian and others defended the enemy and finally lifted the national crisis. Later, Ming Xianzong and Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty rested in the people one after another, and the political situation remained stable. After Ming Wuzong ascended the throne, he lived a dissolute life and indulged himself in pleasure. Finally, because he had no children after his death, Ming Xiaozong lost his inheritance right, which triggered a big debate. After Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty ascended the throne, he eliminated the eunuchs and powerful ministers and took charge of the Chaogang. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Hu Zongxian and other generals were ordered to pacify the Japanese invaders along the southeast coast. Ten years after the death of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, Qin Long's New Deal and the revival of Emperor Wanli led to the restoration of national strength.
In the middle of Ming Shenzong, Toyotomi Hideyoshi's dream of seizing the Korean dynasty was shattered by the three expeditions of Wanli to quell civil strife. However, due to national disputes, the emperor gradually neglected political affairs, and the party struggle in Lindong also brought political chaos in the late Ming Dynasty, which was called Wanli's political neglect. In the forty-four years of Wanli (16 16), Nurhachi, the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was called Khan, and his title was Dajin, which was called "Houjin" in history. During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, although the eunuchs in Wei Zhongxian were in great trouble, they were not eradicated until four cases acceded to the throne. However, the policy mistakes and natural disasters of the Ming Dynasty continued, and the Ming Dynasty finally perished in Dashun, which was established by Li Zicheng, the leader of the peasant army.
In A.D. 1636 (the ninth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, the first year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty), Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor and changed the name of the country to "Qing Dynasty". 1644 (the 17th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty), Dashun Army of Li Zicheng captured Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty perished. Wu Sangui, a general of the Ming Dynasty stationed in Shanhaiguan, was demoted to the Qing Dynasty, and the Regent of the Qing Dynasty, Dourgen, commanded the Qing army to enter Shanhaiguan and defeated the peasant army greatly. In the same year, the emperor shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty moved to Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty as the ruler of the whole country. In the 20 years after entering the customs, the Qing Dynasty eliminated the regimes of Dashun, Daxi and Nanming successively, and basically unified the whole country. 1683, the Qing army occupied Taiwan Province province, and Ming and Zheng ended.
In the early Qing Dynasty, in order to alleviate class contradictions, the policies of rewarding cultivation and reducing taxes were implemented, and the bad policies such as enclosure fees were abolished at the beginning of entry into the customs, and the social economy of the Han nationality and border areas developed. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the feudal economy had reached a new peak, which was called "the prosperous time of Kanggan" in history. In this way, the centralized autocratic system is more rigorous, with strong national strength and stable order. By the end of the 18th century, the population of the Qing Dynasty had reached more than 300 million. During the reign of Kangxi, Taiwan Province Province was unified, and the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu was signed with Russia, which defined the eastern border between China and Russia. In the middle of Qianlong period, Junggar and Uighur were pacified and Xinjiang was unified. This not only solved the long-standing conflict between nomadic people and agricultural people in the history of China, but also adopted a series of policies to develop the economy, culture and transportation in the border areas, consolidated the unity of China multi-ethnic countries, laid the territorial sovereignty of modern China, and possessed an extremely prosperous territory of13 million square kilometers. In the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, the territory started from the Sea of Japan in the east, the South China Sea in the south, Qingji and Balkhash Lake in the west, and Xing 'an Mountains outside the North Pole. Culturally, several famous books such as Sikuquanshu and Ancient and Modern Books Integration were compiled during the Kanggan period, which made great contributions to clearing and summarizing the historical and cultural heritage of China. However, a large number of ancient books were banned or tampered with during this period.