Common sense of elevator control 1. Common sense of elevator safety.
Elevator is a very safe transportation equipment, and the potential safety hazards are usually the aging of parts and the failure of maintenance or regular maintenance.
For straight ladders, we should pay attention to the following aspects.
1) For passengers, the first thing is to cut the danger and don't stay at the door;
2) The most common injury to passengers caused by elevator fault electrical protection action may be being locked in the car. In case of power failure, misoperation of safety switch, loose door contact, system interference, etc. The elevator will suddenly stop and trap the passengers in the car. At this time, trying to contact the outside world for rescue is much less risky than self-help.
3) Pay attention to the elevator door, especially the old elevator or the elevator being overhauled. In the former case, you should stick to the former and the latter, and don't get into the elevator. Of course, you may not get in.
For escalators, long skirts and especially soft slippers should not be left empty. One hand should hold the handrail tightly. Don't lean out of the armrest for the old bag.
2. Elevator safety knowledge
Safety knowledge of freight elevator: 1. Pay attention to whether your elevator has normal annual inspection by maintenance and technical supervision bureau. If not, the elevator is illegal and can be reported.
2. Pay attention to the abnormal sound and vibration when the elevator is working. If yes, stop the service in time. The elevator entrance is the most dangerous area. When entering or leaving the door, you should pass quickly. You should avoid the situation that one foot is in the elevator and the other foot is standing outside the elevator.
The elevator door is not as strong as you think, so avoid leaning against it. If you need to open the elevator door with the triangle key, you must locate the elevator in advance. Every year, several people die because of the wrong use of triangle keys.
If you haven't been trained to use the triangle key, even if you get it, don't use it. 6. Pay attention to the stability of the stacked items in the elevator, and don't let the items fall and hit.
7. If the elevator is under maintenance, don't use it, because the elevator can move in the machine room or at the top of the elevator. Using the elevator under maintenance may not only hurt yourself, but also the maintenance personnel.
8. Pay attention to the weight of the goods and don't be overweight. Inflammable, explosive and corrosive articles, such as sulfuric acid, alcohol and gasoline, cannot be transported.
3. Safety knowledge of taking the elevator
Safety common sense:
1) When using the elevator, please press the up button if you want to go upstairs, and press the down button if you want to go downstairs.
2) After the elevator arrives at the floor, passengers should determine the running direction of the elevator; When it is determined that the running direction of the elevator is consistent with its own direction, it will enter the car again.
3) Passengers can close the elevator door by pressing the "close button" on the operation panel in the elevator; Elevator doors will also automatically close at regular intervals. Passengers should not stay at the joint between the floor and the carriage to avoid being pinched.
4) After the passengers enter the car, press the floor selection button to determine the elevator stop floor. Passengers are not allowed to lean against the door.
5) The elevator has the rated passenger capacity standard. When people are overloaded, the alarm device in the elevator will give a sound prompt. At this point, passengers should take the initiative to reduce staff and exit the elevator.
6) When the elevator has abnormal phenomena or faults, passengers should keep calm, and can call the alarm number in the car for help or wait for rescue. Never pry open the door without authorization in an attempt to escape from the car.
7) Keep the car clean and hygienic, do not smoke in the car, and do not litter everywhere.
8) Passengers should take good care of elevator facilities, and are not allowed to press the button or pry open the car door.
Managers should strictly perform their duties and regularly check the operation of elevators; And make daily maintenance inspection records, contact elevator maintenance regularly, and make maintenance records; Handle and report faults in time.
Extended data:
Elevator consists of machine room, shaft and pit, car and landing.
Working principle of elevator:
Two ends of the traction rope are respectively connected with the car and the counterweight, and wound on the traction wheel and the guide wheel. The traction motor drives the traction wheel to rotate after changing speed through the reducer, and the lift movement of the car and counterweight is realized by the traction force generated by the friction between the traction rope and the traction wheel, thus achieving the purpose of transportation.
Simple use of elevator (there are the following solutions in case of emergency):
Manned elevator is an intelligent and automatic equipment controlled by microcomputer, which does not need special personnel to operate and drive. Ordinary passengers only need to ride and operate the elevator according to the following procedures.
1. At the elevator entrance of the elevator floor, press the up or down arrow button according to your own needs. As long as the light on the button is on, it means that your phone has been recorded. Just wait for the elevator to come.
2. After the elevator arrives and opens the door, let the people in the car get out of the elevator first, and then let the caller enter the elevator car. After entering the car, press the corresponding number button on the control panel in the car according to the floor you need to reach. Similarly, as long as the button is lit, it means that your layer selection has been recorded; At this time, you don't need to do anything else, just wait for the elevator to reach your destination floor and stop.
The elevator will automatically open the door after driving to your destination floor. At this point, step out of the elevator in order to end the process of taking the elevator.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-elevator
4. Elevator safety tips on how to save yourself from the trapped elevator are detailed.
People who need to master the following self-help methods should ensure safety and get rescue.
First, stay calm and comfort the people trapped together, explaining to everyone that there will be no danger, electricity.
The ladder won't fall into the elevator slot. The elevator trough is equipped with anti-falling safety devices, which will firmly clamp the rails on both sides of the elevator.
The safety device will not fail.
Two, the use of alarm bells or walkie-talkies, mobile phones for help, such as no alarm bells or walkie-talkies, mobile phones and failure.
Sometimes, you can knock at the door and shout. If you are afraid of hand pain, you can take off your shoes and knock at the door and ask someone to save you immediately.
If you can't find the elevator repairman right away, please ask someone outside to call the fireman. fire fighting
The operator usually rotates the elevator up or down to the nearest floor and then opens the door. Even if the power goes out,
Firefighters can also use hand tools to twist the elevator up and down.
Don't climb out of the elevator without trained rescuers outside.
5. Don't try to forcibly push open the elevator door. Even if you can open it, you may not be able to go outside.
Door, want to open the outer door and get out safely, of course, it's worse. The grease on the outer wall of the elevator may also make people slip.
6. If there is an emergency exit on the elevator ceiling, don't climb out. Once the exit plate is opened, Ann
All switches will stop the elevator. However, if the exit plate is unexpectedly closed, the elevator may suddenly start.
It can make people lose their balance. In the dark elevator slot, they may trip over the elevator cable or step on oil.
Slipped and fell off the top of the elevator.
7. Being trapped in the elevator of a commercial building late at night or on a weekend afternoon, which may be several hours or even.
Nobody went near the elevator for several days. In this case, the safest thing to do is to keep calm and wait for the opportunity.
Help! It is best to be able to endure hunger, thirst, heat and life, and pay attention to the outside situation, such as
A passer-by tried to get his attention.
5. Basic knowledge of elevator
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Content from user: Zhang Xiaoyun.
Basic knowledge of elevator
1, the definition of elevator
2. Type, model and main parameters
3. Commonly used terms
4. System composition
5. Main performance requirements
6. Traction system
7. Door system
8. Balanced compensation system
9. Safety protection system
10, electrical system
1 1, installation work
12, maintenance work
13, the content of equipment technical documents.
14, escalator
First, the definition of elevator:
1, the definition of narrow elevator = vertical elevator.
2. The definition of generalized elevator = vertical elevator+escalator+moving sidewalk.
3, the definition of generalized elevator:
Mechanical and electrical equipment uses boxes running along rigid guide rails or steps running along fixed lines to lift or transport people and goods in parallel.
Two. Type, model and main parameters of elevator
1, classified by use, speed, driving mode and control mode:
(1). By use: passenger elevator, freight elevator, sickbed elevator, residential elevator, sightseeing elevator and special elevator.
(2) According to speed: low-speed ladder, fast ladder, high-speed ladder and ultra-high-speed ladder. Their speeds are: less than or equal to 1m/s, greater than 1m/s and less than or equal to 2m/s, greater than 2m/s and less than or equal to 3m/s, and greater than 3m/s. ..
(3) According to the control mode, it can be divided into signal control (driver control), centralized control (automatic control), parallel control and intelligent control.
(4) According to the driving mode:
DC drive, AC asynchronous drive,
AC synchronous drive, hydraulic drive
2. Elevator model
TKJ 1000/ 1.5-JX
3. Parameters of the elevator:
Rated speed, rated load, number of passengers, car size, door form, operation mode, number of landings, lifting height, landing height, top floor height and pit depth. 92 1c2 (6) (28)22476
6. Common sense of elevator self-help
What if the elevator suddenly falls down? Many people are worried that the elevator will suddenly fall during operation, but in fact, although "elevator falling" is a common fault, the elevator has not really fallen.
There are generally two situations of "elevator falling": 1, and the elevator stops urgently during operation. Generally, this is because the safety loop or door lock loop is disconnected during operation, which leads to the elevator stopping and passengers will feel numb in their legs. Actually, it was caused by the sudden stop of the elevator. 2. When the elevator breaks down during operation, it automatically returns to the base station for reset, which is misunderstood by most people as "elevator falling". The probability of this happening is similar to the probability of 5 million in buying lottery tickets.
Will the steel wire rope of the elevator break? Some articles on the Internet explain that "in general, the sudden fall of the elevator is caused by the broken wire rope pulling the elevator", which makes people feel that the wire rope is easy to break ... In fact, this wire rope is not as fragile as you think. Elevator cars are all pulled by wire ropes. The greater the load, the more wire ropes there are.
The elevators in ordinary residential buildings have at least three steel wires, each with about 10 small steel strand, and each steel strand with 10 steel wire. As long as one strand is broken, the whole line must be replaced. In theory, the bearing capacity of a steel wire rope is enough, so don't be afraid if two wires are broken and only one is left.
Moreover, the probability that the wire rope is completely broken is really almost zero. Can you save yourself if you are trapped in the elevator? Don't try to open the door to save yourself except calling for help. There have been many examples of casualties caused by self-help failure, so don't be the next one.
If this self-help method is not encouraged, will the trapped elevator suffocate? We can often see such a sentence-"If you are trapped in the elevator, you must first calm down, because in the limited space of the elevator, the amount of oxygen is limited, and when you are calm, your body consumes less oxygen, so try to stay calm, so that the trapped person will not suffocate due to lack of oxygen in a short time." But in fact-the elevator car is not a closed space, and there is no danger of suffocation.
But you still have to stay calm. Force can't solve the problem … is it useful to "press the buttons on each floor quickly" when the elevator descends? If the elevator is running, the floor button is useful. The elevator is not broken at all.
If the elevator fails, it will automatically return to the base station for reset. At this time, it is of little use to press each floor once. Some elevators will open doors near the flat floor, while most elevators will return to the base station to reset. It is generally impossible to press the floor at this time. Is it useful to squat down with your back against the wall when the elevator falls freely? If it is a free fall, any posture is useless (see the next article); If it's just an abnormal fall, this can cushion joint dislocation.
Can you avoid death by jumping instantly before the elevator hits the ground? First of all, you can't jump, because you need to overcome the gravity of the elevator descent; Secondly, even if you jump up, you will land sooner or later; Third, even if there is a glimmer of hope in theoretical calculation, a practical problem: how to know when to take off? Finally, the elevator fell out of control (free fall). Whether you jump or not, you are basically dead. Are escalators safer than elevators? Compared with elevators, escalators are more prone to accidents, so be more careful when using escalators.
Step on the accelerator when you see it, and get off when you arrive; Holding handrails to keep standing steady; Ladies, please pay attention to long hair and skirts; Children pay attention to rubber foam shoes; Please use the elevator to push the stroller to transport the goods; Pick up a pet. The elevator is not a playground. Take care of the children around you.
How do you feel that there have been many elevator accidents in recent years? This may be the illusion brought by media reports-elevators are the safest vertical means of transportation, and there is no one. The annual accident rate is only a few parts per 100,000, and more than 80% are human factors. For example, in the process of installation and maintenance, no safety warning was given and people accidentally fell into the shaft.
In fact, elevators have the most safety devices. Through multi-level safety control-the first level, steel wire rope, the safety factor is above 12, to ensure that even if there is only one steel wire rope, it will not fall off the ladder; In the second stage, the speed limiter controls the abnormal elevator pace, triggers the action of safety tongs and clamps the guide rail; In the third stage, limit switches, limit switches at the top and bottom of the shaft. When the elevator rushes to the top or squats to the bottom, the limit switch acts to trigger the traction machine to close the brake and prevent the car from continuing to run; In the fourth stage, the buffer is equipped with an oil pressure buffer at the bottom pit and the top (usually the bottom) to ensure that it will not directly hit the ground when falling (by the way, the buffer is in the middle, don't stand in the middle).
Moreover, in order to prevent brake failure and accidents when slipping, there are patents such as braking force detection and self-help when slipping. Finally, Tadpole Jun also reminded everyone that these bad habits must be changed! Change it! Change it! * When the elevator door is closing, stop closing with hands and feet.
* reach out and poke when the elevator door is not closed. * Put personal belongings in the gap to prevent the ladder door from closing.
* Press the button repeatedly or once per floor. * When taking the elevator, lift the door by hand.
* When operating, lean against the elevator door. * Smoking, discarding cigarette butts or using naked flames in elevators.
* When the elevator door is not open, you will open it by hand. * Retrograde, climb, play, tilt or climb.
* Children put carts and shopping carts to climb stairs. * When the escalator stops running, it will be used as a staircase.
* Squat on the pedal and carry a handbag on the pedal or walking belt. * Stay at the escalator entrance for a long time.
* I have been playing with my mobile phone when I took the elevator. Only by taking scientific preventive measures can we travel safely.
—————————— Thanks to all elevator experts in Zhihu (@ Chen Zhuokai @ Chenxi @ Modala @ Wang ...) for sharing. If in doubt, you can continue to @ them or @ Tadpole Jun. The copyright of the content signed "Tadpole Staff" belongs to Tadpole Staff, and any media, website or individual may not reprint it without authorization, otherwise the corresponding legal responsibility shall be investigated.
Please send an email to editor@kedo.gov to apply for reprinting authorization or cooperation. The signed articles published on this website only represent the author's views and have nothing to do with this website.
If there is any infringement, you are responsible. Author: Tadpole Jun comprehensive finishing.
7. What are the elevator control methods?
The elevator control method is as follows:
① Handle control.
In this elevator, the driver controls the manual switch in the car to realize the control of the car operation. There are two kinds of switches for elevator car door and hall door: automatic and manual. For the automatic door elevator, when the car runs to the flat floor area, the driver returns the handle switch to zero, and the elevator will change speed and automatically open the door at the flat floor; For the manual door elevator, the driver needs to close or open the door manually.
② Button control.
This is an elevator that stops the car at the landing by operating the button outside the landing door or the button inside the car. There are also automatic and manual elevators of this kind. The automatic door elevator has the functions of automatic leveling and door opening and closing. For the manual door elevator, after the elevator arrives at the landing floor, someone needs to open and close the door manually, and the elevator can only run after receiving the button instruction.
③ Signal control.
This is an elevator operated by the elevator driver, which has the function of comprehensively analyzing and judging special signals such as up and down call signals outside the landing door and floor selection signals inside the car, so it has a high degree of automatic control.
④ Centralized selection control.
This kind of elevator has a high degree of automatic control, which can realize comprehensive analysis and judgment of special signals such as up and down call signals outside the landing door and floor selection signals inside the car, and automatically determine the car operation without driver control. Generally, centralized elevators are equipped with "with/without drivers" control switches, which can be controlled in the following ways.
Flexible choice according to the use needs. For example, when there are rush hours or special needs, it can be converted into the driver's control, thus becoming a signal-controlled elevator. In other cases, when driving normally, it can be changed to unmanned control, which is the centralized control elevator.
⑤ Downward centralized control (Downward centralized control).
The characteristic of this elevator is that the car can only stop in the forward direction when it runs downward for the call signal of each floor station.
⑥ Parallel control.
Two or three elevators will be centrally arranged, and * * * will use the call signal outside the landing door to automatically dispatch in the specified order to determine its running status.
⑦ Group control.
A number of elevators are arranged in a centralized manner, and the elevators are dispatched and controlled in a centralized manner according to the prescribed procedures by using the buttons outside the landing doors. This control method is based on the unbalanced passenger flow in different periods in the building.
⑧ Intelligent control.
This is an advanced elevator group control, which uses computer technology to control elevators. Its biggest feature is that it can tentatively assign each elevator in the elevator group according to the call outside the hall, adopt the principle of the shortest psychological waiting time, avoid the passengers waiting for a long time, and assign the elevator call signal outside the hall to the elevators with heavy load, which makes the passengers disappointed when waiting for the elevators, thus improving the accuracy of prediction and transportation efficiency and realizing the best service of the elevators.
8. What are the safety tips when taking the elevator?
Safety knowledge of taking escalators:
1. Make sure the laces of lace-up shoes are fastened. When wearing loose clothes or skirts, you should pay attention to folding them by hand to prevent them from being dragged by escalators and causing unnecessary injuries.
2. When children go up the escalator, remember to let adults hold it, don't let children touch it, don't chase, fight or climb on the elevator or escalator; When the elderly get on the escalator, they must grasp the handrail to help keep their balance.
3. Don't stick your head and hands out of the escalator, so as to avoid being bruised and pinched by nearby obstacles when the escalator is running.
4. When riding the escalator, you should stand upright on the side facing the running direction of the escalator, hold the handrail with your hands and don't lean on it; Stand with your feet together in the yellow line around the pedal to prevent the hem of your pants from being caught by the moving elevator gap.
It is unscientific to stand on the right side of the escalator and leave one side for traffic. Because it is not safe to walk on the escalator. Passengers are advised not to walk on the escalator as much as possible. There are no more than two people standing on the first escalator step. If you see too many people on the escalator, you'd better take the stairs.
6. Don't stop at the entrance and exit of the escalator, don't let children run back and forth on the escalator, and don't kick the escalator with their feet to avoid danger.
7. Don't stick your head and limbs out of the handrail device to avoid being hit by obstacles, ceilings and adjacent escalators.
8. Carry a handbag with you. Don't put it on the pedal or walking belt to avoid falling and hurting people.