The world’s four major cultural celebrities: Qu Yuan, Copernicus, Rabelais, and Shakespeare.
Qu Yuan: China; Copernicus: Poland; Rabelais: France; Shakespeare: England.
In 1953, he was named one of the four major cultural celebrities in the world.
In addition to Qu Yuan of China, the four world cultural celebrities promulgated in Helsinki in 1953 include Copernicus, the Polish astronomer and founder of the heliocentric theory; Ephesus Copernicus, one of the important humanist writers of the European Renaissance Francois Rabelais. and Shakespeare, the great playwright and poet of the English Renaissance and the master of humanistic literature of the European Renaissance. An exhibition of Chu cultural relics was held in Beijing around the Dragon Boat Festival this year. At this exhibition, photos of Quzi Temple and Qu Yuan's Tomb were displayed for the first time. At the same time, all walks of life in the Soviet Union gathered in Moscow to solemnly commemorate the 2,230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death. Academician Federline gave a report on "Qu Yuan and His Creations", and Chinese Ambassador to the Soviet Union Ge Baoquan delivered a speech at the conference. Since then, the "World Peace Council" and its Chinese organization "China Committee for the Defense of World Peace" have been disbanded.
Introduction
An exhibition of Chu cultural relics was held in Beijing around the Dragon Boat Festival in 1953. At this exhibition, photos of Quzi Temple and Qu Yuan's Tomb were displayed for the first time. At the same time, all walks of life in the Soviet Union gathered in Moscow to solemnly commemorate the 2,230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death. Academician Federline gave a report on "Qu Yuan and His Creations", and Chinese Ambassador to the Soviet Union Ge Baoquan delivered a speech at the conference. On September 27, organized by five departments including the Chinese People's Committee for Defense of World Peace, a grand ceremony was held in Beijing to commemorate the 2,230th anniversary of the death of Qu Yuan, the 410th anniversary of the death of Copernicus, and the death of Rabelais. Quadrennial, Congress commemorating the centenary of the birth of José Martí.
Qu Yuan
A native of the Chu state at the end of China's Warring States Period, he was an outstanding statesman and patriotic poet. The name is Ping and the word is Yuan. Descendants of Qu Xia, son of Xiong Tong, King of Chu Wu. A native of Danyang (now Zigui County, Yichang City, Hubei Province).
Qu Yuan's works include "Li Sao", "Heavenly Questions", "Nine Songs" (11 articles), "Nine Chapters" (9 articles), and "Calling the Soul", totaling 23 articles. In addition, there is still controversy in the academic circles as to whether the chapters such as "Buju" and "The Fisherman" were written by Qu Yuan. Among them, "Li Sao" is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient Chinese literature. "Tianwen" is a rare and unique poem in ancient and modern times. It asks 172 questions to the sky in succession, covering astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields. It expresses the poet's bold doubts about traditional concepts and his pursuit of truth. Scientific spirit. "Nine Songs" is a set of songs to worship gods based on folk sacrificial songs. A large number of images of gods are created in the poem, most of which are love songs between humans and gods.
The origin of the creation of "Tianwen" is recorded in ancient books such as myths, folklore and county annals where Qu Yuan was exiled. Where the Taohua River merges into Zishui, there is a strange mountain with undulating peaks and cliffs. It stands tall with towering ancient trees and deep pavilions. The mountain is named Fenghuang Mountain, which means Fenghuang Mountain on the Taohua River. According to legend, Qu Yuan climbed this mountain on his way to exile in the south of the Yangtze River. He held a sword in his hand and pointed to the sky to ask questions. He asked more than 170 questions in one breath for three days and three nights. Each question raised by Qu Yuan was like a ball of blazing fire and a sharp arrow shooting straight to the heaven. The Emperor of Heaven was shocked and hurriedly ordered the Cloud God, Rain Master, Feng Bo, and Thunder God to stir up wind and rain. Lightning flashed and thundered, making the sky dark and the earth dark. Qu Yuan was not afraid, and the loud voice resounded throughout the world and spread all over the world. A pair of golden phoenixes flew from the south, spreading their beautiful wings to protect Qu Yuan from the wind and rain. In order to commemorate Qu Yuan, later generations called the strange mountain originally named Taogu Mountain Phoenix Mountain, built a Phoenix Temple on the mountain, and worshiped Qu Yuan as the Phoenix God. Tianwen Pavilion was built at the place where Qu Yuan wrote "Tianwen". Tianwen Pavilion is 18 meters high, with five floors of carved beams and painted pillars, exquisite inscriptions and majestic monuments. It is said that on stormy nights, when people walk into Tianwen Pavilion, they can hear Qu Yuan questioning the Emperor of Heaven. There is a stone tablet engraved with "Ancient Tianwen Pavilion Site". The huge stone is steep and overlooks the deep pool. Qu Yuan's image is carved on the stone. This stone is Qu Yuan's fishing stone. It is called Quzi Diaoyutai and is one of the four ancient Diaoyutais in China. , referred to as Quzi Diaoyutai, can still be seen vaguely. "Tianwen" is a rare and unique poem in ancient and modern times. It covers many fields such as astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy, etc. It expresses the poet's bold doubts about traditional concepts and his scientific spirit of pursuing truth.
Rabelais
Fran?ois Rabelais (1495?-1553) was one of the important humanist writers during the European Renaissance. He was born into a family of lawyers and was educated by monks in his early years. He had already studied ancient Greek literature and philosophy in the monastery. Soon, he corresponded with Bidai, traveled to various parts of France, and discussed issues with scattered humanists. During his study tour, he had the opportunity to get close to the people and increased his understanding of society. He has conducted research on mathematics, medicine, archeology, astronomy, plants, etc. After 1530, he practiced medicine in Lyon and was one of the first doctors in France to study anatomy.
Copernicus
Copernicus
Polish astronomer. The founder of modern astronomy. He was born in Torun on February 19, 1473 and died in Fromburg on May 24, 1543. He lost his father when he was 10 years old and was raised by his uncle L. Wachenroed. Entered the University of Krakow at the age of 18.
Deeply influenced by Professor A. Bruchowski of mathematical astronomy, he determined to devote himself to the research of astronomy. From the age of 23 to 30, he went to Italy several times and studied canon law, law and medicine at the University of Bologna, Padua and Ferrara. At the age of 30, he returned to Poland to work as an assistant to his uncle who was already an archbishop. , uncle passed away. Later he served as a monk at Fromburg Cathedral, but his main focus was on astronomical research. While studying in Italy, he studied under astronomy professor D.M. Novara. On March 9, 1497, the teacher and student jointly observed the phenomenon of the moon eclipsing Aldebaran. Novara was well versed in ancient Greek works and admired the Pythagorean school's concept of cosmic harmony, which had a profound impact on Copernicus. Copernicus discovered that with the improvement of observation accuracy, in order to make the predicted planet positions of the Ptolemaic geocentric system consistent with the actual celestial phenomena, this system must use about 80 deferents and epicycles, which is cumbersome and complicated. Inspired by the seismic thoughts of some ancient Greek scholars, he was determined to abandon the Ptolemaic geocentric system and propose a scientific cosmological system with the sun as the center.
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) is the most important writer, outstanding dramatist and poet in the European Renaissance. He occupies a special position in history and is known as "Zeus on the Olympic Mountain of human literature". He is also known as the four great tragedians in the history of drama, together with the three great tragedians of ancient Greece, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides.