Although there are good dishes, the original text:
Although there are good dishes, I don't know its purpose; Although there is supreme Tao, learning, I don't know its goodness. It is to learn and then know the deficiency, and to teach and then know the difficulty. If you don't know enough, then you can reverse; Advance despite difficulties, and then strive for self-improvement. So teaching and learning are also beneficial. "Duiming" says "learning half", which is what it means!
The origin of "although there are fine dishes":
"Although there are fine dishes" is a classical poem of China written by Dai Sheng, a courtier in the Western Han Dynasty. This paper leads to the viewpoint to be clarified by ideographic method, pointing out that teaching and learning promote each other and complement each other, that is, "teaching and learning", telling us the truth of practicing true knowledge and the importance of work, study and practice.
Although there are exquisite dishes, they are from the Book of Rites. The Book of Rites is an important book of laws and regulations in ancient China, which was compiled by Dade, a ritual musician in the Western Han Dynasty, and his nephew Dai Sheng. Eighty-five Selected Works of Great Virtue, originally called "Dai Dai Li Ji", but in the later circulation process, only 39 articles remained in the Tang Dynasty. Dai Shengxuan's forty-nine articles, called The Rites of Little Dai, are what we are seeing now. These two books have their own emphases, trade-offs and characteristics. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan, a famous scholar, made an incisive comment on The Book of Rites of Little Dai. Later, this book became popular, and gradually became a classic from the works explaining scriptures. The Tang Dynasty was listed as one of the "Nine Classics" and the Song Dynasty was included in the "Thirteen Classics", which is a must-read book for scholars.
The full text mainly talks about the need to be realistic and face the reality with a sober and calm attitude. One is one, not two. Even if you are wrong, you should dare to admit it. Only in this way can your words and deeds be consistent and theory and practice be linked together.
In this paper, antithetical sentences are often used, which are catchy and have a strong sense of rhythm. In the discussion, the author compares "although there is a fine dish, I don't know its purpose", then introduces "although there is a supreme way, I don't know its goodness", and then expounds it from two aspects: teaching and learning, and finally draws the conclusion that "teaching and learning complement each other"
This article is clear in thinking, fluent in writing, progressive at different levels and fluent in writing, giving people a sense of unity. After reading this document, it is easy to remind us of a passage by Mao Zedong in On Practice: "If you want to know the taste of pears, you have to eat them yourself." From this, we can see a major feature of Confucianism: it attaches great importance to practice and demands that the truth understood be put into action, and that the truth is good through action.
Introduction to Dai Sheng:
The Book of Rites is an official, scholar and representative work of the Western Han Dynasty.
Dai Sheng (date of birth and death unknown) was born in Suiyang, Guo Liang (now Minquan County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province), from Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. Officials, scholars and etiquette scholars in the Western Han Dynasty, and pioneers of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty. Later people called it "Little Dai".
Dai Sheng and his uncle Dade and Hou Cang studied Li together, and later people called them "Dadai". When Emperor Xuandi was proclaimed in the Han Dynasty, the doctor Dai participated in the discussion of Shiqu Pavilion, and the official was the magistrate of Jiujiang.
His works include The Book of Rites (one of the classic works of Confucianism), namely The Book of Rites of Little Dai, which has been handed down from generation to generation as a holy book. Hanshu was recorded in the seventh year of Han Dynasty (80 years).
In the third year of Xianchun (1267), Zhao Qi, Song Duzong, named Dai Sheng as a "Examiner" on the grounds of his native place.
Achievements of Confucianism:
Dai Sheng devoted his life to studying Confucian classics. Together with his uncles Dade and Qingpu, he devoted himself to studying Confucian classics and made great achievements. Historically, Dai Sheng was called "Dadai", and Dai Sheng was called "Dai Xiao", collectively known as "Dadai". The reason is that "Li" has the knowledge of "attaching importance to history and being harmonious with the Qing Dynasty".
Dai Sheng compiled various etiquette papers written by Confucius disciples from the Warring States Period to the early Han Dynasty, as well as his re-transmission and three biographies, which were called Little Dai Ji or Little Dai Li Ji. The book was originally a compilation of materials explaining Yili, and was later annotated by Zheng Xuan. It got rid of its subordinate position and became an independent book. Its essence is more conducive to maintaining feudal rule than the red tape in Yili. Dai Sheng thus created "Little Albert Venn Dicey".
Academic impact:
Dai Sheng gave a detailed explanation of "etiquette" and taught many disciples. He once learned etiquette from Liang Renqiao and there, so today's "Xiao Dai Xue" has "the study of bridge harmony" in the study of etiquette. Dai Xiao contributed to the spread and development of etiquette. Dai Xiao's Book of Rites is listed as a Confucian classic and one of the "Three Rites". It was called "Dajing" in the Tang Dynasty, and it has replaced "Book of Rites" as "Li" in the Five Classics in the Ming Dynasty. This book occupies an important position in the history of Confucianism in China, and provides important materials for future generations to study and develop Confucian ideology and culture.
Representative works:
Dai Sheng became the pioneer of "Dai Xiaoxue" in etiquette; Later, the three schools of learning were mainly academic officials, and their academic prosperity was temporary. When Xuan Di proclaimed himself emperor, Dai Sheng was made a doctor, participated in the discussion of Shiqu Pavilion, and evaluated the similarities and differences of the Five Classics. He devoted his life to teaching and writing. He selected and recorded all kinds of etiquette works written by Confucius disciples from the Warring States to the early Han Dynasty, and compiled them into books. It is called Xiao Dai Ji or Xiao Dai. The book was originally a compilation of materials to explain the Book of Rites, and was later annotated by Zheng Xuan, which made it get rid of its subordinate position and become a book independently, becoming the Book of Rites today. The whole book is divided into Quli, Tan Gong, Wang Zhi, Yue Ling, Liu Yun, Xue Ji, Yue Ji, Zhongyong, Da Shi, Neize, Ji Fang, Ruxing, Wang Zhi and Ruxing.
The Book of Rites of Little Dai is an anthology of articles by Confucian scholars explaining the Confucian classic "Yili" from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is a collection of Confucian thought materials. There is more than one author of The Book of Rites of Little Dai, and the time for its completion also follows. Most of the chapters may be the works of 72 disciples of Confucius and their students, and other ancient books and records in the pre-Qin period are also included.
The main content of The Book of Rites for Little Dai is to record and discuss the etiquette system and etiquette from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, explain the etiquette, record the questions and answers between Confucius and his disciples, and describe the principles of self-cultivation. In fact, this 90,000-word book has a wide range of contents and diverse categories, involving politics, law, morality, philosophy, history, sacrifice, literature and art, daily life, calendar, geography and many other aspects. It is almost all-encompassing and embodies the political, philosophical and ethical thoughts of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period. It is an important material for studying the pre-Qin society. It is one of the classic works of Confucianism.
The Book of Rites for Little Dai is written in narrative form, and some chapters have considerable literary value. Some use short and vivid stories to illustrate a certain truth, some are magnificent and precise in structure, some are concise, some are good at psychological description and characterization, and there are a lot of philosophical aphorisms in the book, which are incisive and profound.
The Book of Rites, together with Yili and Zhou Li, is called the "Three Rites", which has had a far-reaching impact on China culture, and people of all ages have been looking for ideological resources from it. Therefore, there are many books that annotate the Book of Rites in past dynasties, and contemporary scholars have also made some new research results in this regard. The original text selected in this paper is based on Annotations to Thirteen Classics edited by Ruan Yuan in Qing Dynasty. The annotation and translation refer to various influential research results extensively, and strive to be accurate, concise and easy to understand. The selected chapters are named by the author (the original text only has titles, and each original text is longer). In principle, the first sentence of the selected text is used as the title, and the notes only indicate that they are selected from an article.
The Book of Rites was written by many people and collected all kinds of ancient books. Its content is extremely complicated and its arrangement is also very chaotic. Later generations used the method of classification to study it. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan divided 49 articles into eight categories: general introduction, system, sacrifice, funeral and auspicious. Modern Liang Qichao can be divided into five categories: First, the general theory of etiquette: Li Yun, Realm, Rose, Xue Ji, University, Doctrine of the Mean, Confucianism, Ji Fang, Self-expression and Chen Yi. 2. Description: There are 17 articles in Yili, including four systems: Guan Yi, Hunyi, Xiangyin Yi, Shooting Yi, Hiring Yi and Mourning Yi. Third, remember Confucius' words and deeds or his disciples' chores in time: Confucius living in seclusion, Confucius living in salt, Tan Gong, Wen, etc. Fourth, remember the ancient system etiquette, textual research:, Quli, Yu Zao,, Wei,,, suburban worship, worship system, worship method, biography, mourning and mourning memories. Fifth, it is the motto and famous sentence of Qu Li, Shao Yi and Ruxing. The classification and division of beams have certain reference value for us.
In the Han Dynasty, Confucian classics were called "Classics", and disciples' interpretations of "Classics" were called "Biography" or "Ji", hence the name "Book of Rites", that is, the interpretation of "Rites". By the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the Book of Rites had 13 1. According to legend, Dade compiled eighty-five articles, which were called "Da Dai Li Ji"; Dai Sheng chose 49 of them, which is called The Rites of Little Wear. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was not popular from generation to generation. Dai Xiao was originally called the Book of Rites, and it was also called the "Three Rites" with Zhou Li and Yi Li. Because scholar Zheng Xuan made comments on The Book of Rites, its status rose to a classic. The contents of the book are also very extensive, such as discussing etiquette, explaining the system and promoting Confucian ideals.
Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty selected Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, and called them "Four Books" as the basic reading materials of Confucianism. Poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period are the Five Classics. Zhou Li, Yi Li and Li Ji are collectively called the Three Rites. Zhou Li, also known as Zhou Guan, talks about the official system and the political system. "Ceremony" describes the etiquette system of crown, marriage, funeral, sacrifice, hometown, shooting, courtship and employment. The Book of Rites for Little Dai is a collection of Confucian works about various etiquette systems before Qin and Han Dynasties, which not only describes etiquette systems, but also discusses etiquette theory, ethics and academic thoughts. Here is only a brief explanation of some questions in the book Yili.
The number of articles in "Yili" and the book "Yili" written by the author of "Notes to Thirteen Classics", * * 17, are as follows: the crown ceremony comes first; The second is the faint ceremony; The third is to meet the scholar; Rural drinking ceremony fourth; The rural shooting ceremony is the fifth; Yan Li is sixth; The seventh big shooting ceremony; The eighth dowry; Doctor of public food ninth; Tenth pilgrimage; Mourning eleven; The twelfth funeral of scholars; Thirteenth party; Shi Yuli fourteenth; Fifteenth special animal feeding ceremony; Sixteenth feeding ceremony in juvenile prison; There are also 17 orders for the division of cars listed by Liu Xiang in "Bielu" in the Western Han Dynasty. According to documents, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, 56 ancient gifts were found in the wall of Confucius House in Qufu, of which 17 were the same as the 17 handed down by Confucian scholars in the early Han Dynasty, but there were 39 more. Article 39 of the Book of Rites has been lost for a long time, and scholars call it "Yi Li".
This raises a question: are the seventeen "righteousness and benefits" remnants? Accordingly, one view holds that Seventeen Articles of Rites is an incomplete book. Another view, on the contrary, holds that Seventeen Pieces of Rites is not an incomplete copy, but a complete work. Shao, A Qing, made a detailed discussion on this in The Book of Rites. "The Book of Rites" says: "The ceremony of husband begins with the crown, is based on faintness, is more important than mourning, and respects the appointment of the court and the sum of hometown. This gift is also general. "
Looking at Article 17 of the Book of Rites, the eight contents mentioned in Loyalty as "the general meaning of ceremony" are all intact. In addition, there are many articles directly explaining the Book of Rites.
The Book of Rites includes Guan Yi and Shi Guanli. There is "Faint Righteousness" to explain "giving a faint ceremony"; There is a "mourning" to explain "mourning for scholars"; There are sacrificial rites, sacrificial rites system, special suburban sacrifices, juvenile prison support ceremony and hairspring car. There is an explanation of "rural drinking ceremony" in "rural drinking righteousness"; There is "Shooting Righteousness" to explain "shooting ceremony to the countryside" and "shooting ceremony"; There is "Yan Yi" to explain "Yan Li"; There is an explanation of "dowry" in the meaning of employment; There is "History of Korea" ("Li Ji of the Great Generation") to explain "Li Jing"; There are four systems to explain mourning in Mourning, none of which can be found in Seventeen Rites. It can be seen that the book "Yili" should be said to be a book with relatively complete system and content. Shao believes that "three hundred rites, three thousand quli" (rites and rites), there are more than seventeen kinds of ancient rites, more than Hanshu. The Confucian classic "Literature and Art and Li Ji" is the work of Confucius' students and Confucian scholars during the Warring States Period. Dade, a scholar in the Han Dynasty, simplified 130 articles collected by Liu Xiang at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, and got 85 articles, which were called Dade Li Ji. Later, his nephew Dai Sheng simplified and deleted Dai Dai Li Ji and got 46 articles. Together with Yue Ling, Tang Mingwei and Yue Ji, it was a ***49 articles. The Book of Rites was scattered in most periods of Sui and Tang Dynasties, with only 39 articles left. The Book of Rites of Dai Xiao became the prevailing book of rites today.
When Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Duke Lu was good at governing the palace and ruined Confucius' House. Fifty-seven ancient gifts were found in the bad wall, of which 17 were the same as the gifts. Mourning and throwing pots are found in other 40 articles, which are recorded in the Book of Rites and circulated, while the rest are rarely seen by the world because of the hidden secret halls, and then dispersed.
Zhu Zhu has Zhu Zi's Family Rites, and he thinks that "the Book of Rites is only an explanation of the Book of Rites". Ruan Yuan said in the book "Dongguan Chen Hou": "Middle-aged Zhu is practical and pragmatic, and he is polite in his later years, especially resistant to difficulties. If he is sincere, he will be polite. Therefore, those who rule the world in ancient and modern times are rituals, and all five virtues are rituals ... and such as Yin Shangbai, Zhou Shangchi and He Li. If those who live in Zhou are still white, if they are indecent, then people should not fight, and those who are unreasonable should not fight. Therefore, reason must be accompanied by courtesy. If you argue, you can talk about this evil. "
The Book of Rites for Little Dai is not only a book describing rules and regulations, but also a textbook of benevolence, righteousness and morality. Among them, the most famous chapters are "University", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Liu Yun" (the first paragraph). The first paragraph of Li Yun is a dialogue between Confucius and Ziyou, also known as Li Yun Datong. The word Datong is often used as a synonym for ideal realm, and many place names also use it.