Guoxue is based on the pre-Qin classics and the theories of hundreds of schools of thought. It covers Confucian classics of the Han Dynasty, metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties, practical studies of the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as pre-Qin poetry and poetry of the same period, A complete cultural and academic system including Han Fu, Six Dynasties parallel prose, Tang and Song poems, Yuan operas, Ming and Qing novels, and the history of the past dynasties. The following is what I have collected for you in the Three Legends of Spring and Autumn Period. It is for reference only. You are welcome to read it.
"Three Biography of Spring and Autumn": It is the collective title of "Zuo Shi's Chunqiu Biography", "Spring and Autumn Gongyang Biography" and "Spring and Autumn Guliang Biography". The "Spring and Autumn" scriptures are concise and profound in meaning. Without annotations, it is impossible to understand. The books that annotated the Spring and Autumn Annals were written by the Zuo family, the Gongyang family, and the Guliang family, as well as the Zou family and the Jia family. They were lost as early as the Han Dynasty. Therefore, since the Han Dynasty, scholars have only relied on the "Three Biographies" to study the Spring and Autumn Annals. "Spring and Autumn" records events, but was later lost. Only the "Spring and Autumn" of Lu State compiled by Confucius remained. In the Han Dynasty, there were re-edited and compiled "Three Biography of Spring and Autumn", namely "Gongyang Zhuan", "Gu Liang Zhuan" and "Zuo Zhuan". ”, and they are all chronological history books.
Zuo Zhuan
"Zuo Zhuan" was originally called "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu". In the Han Dynasty, it was renamed "Zuo Shi Zhuan" in the Spring and Autumn Period, or "Zuo Zhuan" for short. According to old legend, it was written by Zuo Qiu Ming in the late Spring and Autumn Period to explain Confucius's Spring and Autumn Annals. "Zuo Zhuan" is essentially an independently written history book. It begins in the first year of Lu Yin (722 BC) and ends in the fourteenth year of Lu Daogong (453 BC). It is based on the Spring and Autumn Annals and explains the outline of the Spring and Autumn Annals by recording the specific historical facts of the Spring and Autumn Period. One of the important classics of Confucianism.
It is an important classic that records the social conditions of the Spring and Autumn Period. It is good at recording events and people. The content is mostly based on royal archives, Lu Shi policy books, vassal history, etc. The records are basically in the order of the Twelve Dukes of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Annals, and the content includes appointments, alliances, conquests, weddings and funerals, usurpation and murder among the vassal states, etc. It has an important influence on later history and literature. It mainly records the decline of the Zhou royal family and the history of the princes' struggle for hegemony. It also contains descriptions and comments on various etiquette norms, regulations and systems, social customs, ethnic relations, moral concepts, astronomy and geography, calendar seasons, ancient documents, myths and legends, songs and rumors. .
Gongyang Zhuan
"Gongyang Zhuan", also known as "Spring and Autumn Gongyang Zhuan" and "Gongyang Chunqiu", is a classic that explains the "Spring and Autumn". The chronology is consistent with the Spring and Autumn Annals, that is, from 722 BC to 481 BC. Its historical interpretation is very brief, and it focuses on explaining the so-called "micro-statements and great meanings" of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" and interprets the scriptures in the form of questions and answers.
The Biography of Gu Liang
"The Biography of Gu Liang" is also called "The Biography of Gu Liang" and "The Biography of Gu Liang in the Spring and Autumn Period". It is a Confucian classic that annotates the Spring and Autumn Annals. It is said that Zixia, a disciple of Confucius, orally passed the contents of this book to Gu Liangchi (also known as Gu Liangchu, with the courtesy name Yuanshi). Gu Liangchi wrote it down and recorded it in a book. However, in fact, although the oral tradition of this book has already existed. , but its writing time was in the Western Han Dynasty.
It mainly uses quotations and dialogues, and uses this method to annotate the Spring and Autumn Annals. It is an important document for studying the evolution of Confucianism from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty.
Significance
To read the Spring and Autumn Period, you must read the three biographies, but the text of the three biographies cannot be understood without annotations. From the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were countless people who annotated the text or studied its essence, but the basic annotations should be the commentaries on the Thirteen Classics. Zuo Zhuan, preliminaries of Jin and Du Dynasties, and Shu Yingda of Tang Dynasty. Gongyang Zhuan, annotated by He Xiu in the Han Dynasty, and Xu Yanshu in the Tang Dynasty. Biography of Gu Liang, annotated by Fan Ning of Jin Dynasty, and written by Yang Shixun of Tang Dynasty.
Each of the three biographies and commentaries has its own rules and regulations. It is convenient to study the classics and biographies according to the rules, but you cannot be biased and self-righteous. The Spring and Autumn Period is a masterpiece of Confucius. Confucius' knowledge is all-encompassing, but the meaning of the Spring and Autumn Period is by no means simple. Therefore, when studying the Spring and Autumn Period, not only should we not limit ourselves to any one of the modern and ancient texts, but we should also explore the Yi Li poems and books to get a glimpse of the true meaning of the saints.