Many countries in the world have crystals, such as Brazil, Uruguay, the United States, South Africa, Zambia, Russia, China, Viet Nam and Pakistan. Among them, Brazilian crystal is the most famous. There are crystals all over China, especially in Jiangsu, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Xinjiang, Liaoning and Hubei. Among them, Donghai County, Jiangsu Province has the best crystal quality.
As early as 3500 BC, the ancient Egyptians mined crystal deposits near Aswan.
The ancients in our country knew that crystals were produced underground and hidden in mountains. In Song Dynasty, Cai Tai said in "Talk about Tiewei Mountain": "Between politics and politics, Yiyang Taihe landslide produced crystals, and there were hundreds of wooden boxes, so it was naturally produced in stone." In China, there is a saying that the crystal is "white in the south and black in the north". "Gegu Yaolun" said: "The south crystal is white, the north crystal is black, and the Xinzhou crystal is turbid." Of course, it belongs to modern people to truly understand the causes of crystals and their distribution around the world. The proven low-grade crystal deposits in China are distributed in 109 places in 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Except for Shanghai, Tianjin and Ningxia, almost all provinces and regions have production. However, there are not many precious stones mined as raw materials, mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangxi, Guangdong, Qinghai, Fujian, Hainan, Yunnan, Xinjiang and other places. There is a folk saying that there are 72 gullies in Altai Mountain, and there are treasures in the gullies. China's tea crystals are produced in Xinjiang granite pegmatite, with the largest crystals reaching tens of kilograms. Qitai County in this area is famous for producing transparent smoke crystals. Hainan's "Qiongzhou Zhi" contains: "Crystal stone has five colors and is as bright as an ice tip. Wuzhishan is rich in crystals, such as fists and cups, which are crystal clear. " The formation period of Hainan crystal belongs to Mesozoic Cretaceous, about 70 million years ago. The famous Yangjiaoling crystal mine is mainly produced in the Shi Ying belt related to granodiorite, with high quality and large quantity of crystals. Not long ago, abundant crystal mineral deposits were discovered in Pingdingshan, Henan Province. The crystal deposit here belongs to the low-temperature hydrothermal time pulse type. In addition to colorless and transparent, there are amethyst, tea crystal and a small amount of topaz. In addition, Zhenghe County, Fujian Province produces colorless transparent crystals and tea crystals; Colorless transparent crystals and smoke crystals are produced in Yunfu county, Guangdong province; Lingyun county produces colorless transparent crystals and tea crystals; Funing County, Yunnan Province produces colorless transparent crystals, tea crystals and smoke crystals. Where is the most famous crystal mining pit in China? Northern Jiangsu and southeastern Shandong, with an area of several thousand square kilometers and Donghai County as the center, are rich in crystals. Primary veins mainly occur in the rocks composed of various gneiss, granulite, a small amount of schist and lenticular marble in the eastern part of Proterozoic Jiaodong. There are pegmatite vein type, feldspar-bearing vein type and vein type deposits, and there are crystal placers near Jiangxi. The crystals in this area are generally colorless, and a few are brown, smoky and purple. The primary ore is short and long, and the placer is semi-angular and semi-circular. The crystal is large, generally 5 ~10cm thick and 0/00 ~ 400g heavy; The big crystal is tens of centimeters thick, 1 meters long, and weighs several hundred kilograms or even two or three tons. Defects are mainly caused by nodules, cotton and bubbles; However, the crystal has large reserves, wide distribution and shallow burial, and is easy to be mined by people. Crystal mining pits are all over China and all over the world.
More than 30 countries such as Brazil, America, France, Japan, India, Vietnam, Myanmar, Italy, Turkey, Canada, the former Soviet Union, Guatemala, Madagascar and Australia are rich in crystals. Brazil is a crystal kingdom, and its crystal reserves, output and exports account for 90% of the world total. Crystal resources are concentrated in Minas Gerais area in the southeast. A large number of amethysts were collected in Mabala in the north. Amethyst reserves near the north coast of Homa, Zambia and Namibia are quite large; In 1960s, a large number of amethyst deposits were discovered along the Zambezi River. China's ancient book "The Pearl of Things" contains: "Amethyst leaves Linyi". Linyi is an ancient name of Vietnam. Mongolia regards tea crystal as the most expensive, so it is commonly known as "Mongolian tea (crystal)". There are so many crystals in the Alps that locals can take them vertically from rock walls or river bottoms. There are many crystals everywhere in Jiplos, Asia Minor, and farmers can easily pick up many crystals when farming. Because crystals are mostly clustered, lumpy and granular, and hidden in rocks, it is very difficult to "invite" them up. The original excavation, drilling and blasting lead to the fragmentation and fragmentation of the crystal block, the particle size becomes smaller, and a large number of cracks are generated inside, which is of little use and reduces the exquisite value.