A berth on the Qinhuai River
Tang Dynasty: Du Mu
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.
Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river.
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Haze pervades the vast cold river, and the moon shines on the white sand house. In the evening, I parked my boat by Qinhuai River, near the restaurant. It seems that Jinling singers don't know what the hatred of national subjugation is, and they are still singing "backyard flowers" on the other side.
To annotate ...
(1) from von Fan Chuan's collected works (Volume 4). (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1978 Edition). Qinhuai River, that is, Qinhuai River, originates in the mountainous area between damao mountain in Jurong, Jiangsu Province and Lushan in Lishui East, and flows into the Yangtze River via Nanjing. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River.
(2) [Berth] berthing.
(3) [Business Girl] A singer who makes a living by singing.
(4) [backyard flower] The abbreviation of the song "yushu backyard flower". Emperor Chen () of the Southern Dynasties indulged in excesses and wrote this song for the sake of having fun with the beautiful women in the harem, which eventually led to national subjugation, so later generations called this song "the voice of national subjugation".
Creation background
Du Mu, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, traveled around Qinhuai. On the boat, he heard the singer singing "Flowers in the Garden of Yushu", which was beautiful and swaying. Men and women sing in pairs, and their songs are sad, which is the voice of national subjugation. At that time, Chen Houzhu indulged in this lazy life for a long time, took national politics as a child's play, and finally lost his land. Although Chen Guo died, this decadent music was circulated and sung among Qinhuai singers, which made Du Mu very emotional. His poem said: These ignorant singers don't even understand the hatred of national subjugation, and they still sing this voice of national subjugation! Actually, this is an excuse. What he mocked was actually the politics of the late Tang Dynasty: ministers once again indulged in debauchery and soon followed in Chen Houzhu's footsteps. The corner of Qinhuai has such a deep sense of rise and fall, which shows that Jinling still has great influence when the national political center has moved to Chang 'an.
Du Mu was very concerned about politics in his early days, and he was worried about the riddled Tang Dynasty. He saw that the ruling clique was decadent and fatuous, that the buffer region was in a state of chaos, and that there were frequent border troubles. He deeply felt that social crises were everywhere and the prospects of the Tang Dynasty were worrying. This thought of worrying about the times and hurting the world prompted him to write many poems with practical significance. Bo Qinhuai was also produced on the basis of this idea. When he came to Qinhuai River, which was still a prosperous river at that time, he was deeply moved and wrote this poem when he heard the singer singing "backyard flowers". The poem says that Jinling singers "don't know how to hate the country" and sing the song "backyard flowers". In fact, this is the history that the author (Chen) finally perished because of the pursuit of debauchery and pleasure, which satirizes the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty who were ignorant and ignorant, and shows the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.
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Appreciation of Bo Qinhuai
This poem was written by the poet when he spent the night in Qinhuai. The first half writes the night view of Qinhuai, and the second half expresses feelings. He used the history of Chen's pursuit of debauchery and pleasure to die, satirizing the life of the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty who did not learn lessons after drinking, showing the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.
The first sentence of this poem is extraordinary, and the word "cage" is eye-catching. Smoke, water, moon and sand are harmoniously combined by the word "cage", depicting an extremely elegant night by the water. It is so soft and quiet, but it also implies a slightly erratic state of mind. Pen and ink is so light, but it is so ethereal and cold. The "moonlight and water moon" in the first sentence is related to the "staying at Qinhuai" in the second sentence, so after reading the first sentence, it is naturally "staying at Qinhuai near the restaurant". However, as far as the poet's activities are concerned, you must have a "night berth at Qinhuai" before you can see the scenery of "a cage of misty water and cold moon sand", but if you really look down, you will find that the flat plate is tasteless. The advantages of this way of writing poetry are as follows: firstly, it creates a very distinct environmental atmosphere, gives people a strong attraction, and creates an artistic effect that affects the whole body and meets the requirements of artistic expression. Secondly, one or two sentences are treated like this, just like the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. When people appreciate a painting, they usually pay attention to the wonderful picture first, and then look at the inscription in the corner. Therefore, the poet's writing style is quite in line with people's artistic appreciation habits.
"Sleeping near Qinhuai Restaurant at night" seems dull, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem. Because "staying in Qinhuai", it is "close to the restaurant". But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words set a precedent for the following, because "near the restaurant" led to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "flowers in the back garden", which also touched the poet's feelings. Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the restaurant" is like opening the floodgate, and the river will gurgle out and gush out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.
"Strong women in business do not know the hate of national subjugation, but still sing backyard flowers across the river." At night in Qinhuai, the poet heard the voice of national subjugation "yushu backyard flower" coming from the other side of the river. On the surface, the poet seems to be reprimanding the ignorance of "business women", but the poet's goal is the power of those who are worried about world security but lead a drunken life. In the late Tang Dynasty, two and a half centuries after the collapse of the Chen Dynasty, some people drugged themselves with the sound of national subjugation, which made people feel that historical tragedies would repeat themselves. "I don't know" is actually an excuse for "business women". The singer has no intention, but the listener has intention. The word "still singing" traces back to history, indicating that the prodigal son who has been immersed in burmese debauchery has existed since ancient times; According to the reality, it reveals that today's dignitaries, like Chen Houzhu, will also perish; It is unthinkable that you will make the same mistake if you don't change your tune. Expressed the poet's warning
This poem is ingenious in conception, blending scenes, appropriate in allusions, implicit in meaning and concise in language. Shen Deqian, a poetry critic, praised this poem as a "swan song", and it really deserved its reputation.