Orphan book means that there is only one version of a book circulating in the world. Also refers to the loss of the only unpublished manuscript or original, and the only remaining rubbings.
Citation: refers to a book with only one version circulating in the world. Also refers to the loss of the only unpublished manuscript or original, and the only remaining rubbings. Gong Zizhen's "The First Narration": "The vertebrae expand the mountains and rivers, and the paper and ink shine on the eyebrows; Orphans must be hooked again, and the big talk is in infancy. " Lu Xun's Letters to Zheng Zhenduo: "Orphans are more important than the world, and the new translation is lighter than people.
The earliest printed matter in the world-The Diamond Sutra, printed in China in the Tang Dynasty (AD 868), is an orphan. Another example is the novel "After the Water Margin" published by Feng Chun Literature and Art Publishing House in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, which is a treasure among the treasures collected and printed by Dalian Library. Because it is extremely rare, its price is one hundred times higher.
Understanding orphans:
1. Because some original stone carvings or engravings were damaged and lost earlier, some traces left behind were not original. According to the textual research of historical materials and written records, the inscriptions that are about to be lost are indeed "unique" and have high value in calligraphy art, literature and history.
2. If you want to call it an "orphan", it must be the original of the rubbings and stickers of the stone carvings, and the pirated ones cannot be called it. At the same time, it should be earlier rubbings, such as Tang rubbings, Song rubbings and Ming rubbings, which are relatively poor. If it's A Qing rubbings, it's often not called this "nickname". Inscriptions unearthed in the Qing Dynasty do not belong to this category.
3. Some "orphan books" are still incomplete volumes. At first, the initial expansion was incomplete. However, the remnants can explain the status and value of orphans. For example, according to records, the "Hot Springs Name" was originally expanded by dozens in the Tang Dynasty, and spread to the expanded Song and Mi Fei, who wrote a line: "In August of the fourth year of Yonghui (653), Guo Yier surrounded the Valley House", showing the time.
However, in the Song Dynasty, Pan Jiang was inscribed in it at this moment, but the fake "Jiang Tie" was not engraved in it, and later it was engraved in the "Yunqing Pavilion", indicating that this post had been circulated in the Song Dynasty, and later the original extension was lost. Until 1896, this post was found in the Thousand Buddha Cave in Dunhuang, but it was incomplete compared with the original extension and was plundered by the French.
A photocopy of the photo shows that Luo Zhenyu said in "The Star Phoenix of Maureen": "Bo Shi believes in good books, and everyone has his own ideas, but his calligraphy is solid and he is a minister." Explain that these fifty lines are valuable. Because there are many problems in the residual edition, we should research and explain the status of the "orphan edition" according to the specific situation.